DC Electric Motor Research Articles

Analytical Conversion of Conventional Car to Electric Vehicle Using 5KW BLDC Electric Motor

The automotive industry is witnessing a paradigm shift towards sustainable and eco-friendly transportation solutions. This project aims to contribute to this transition by converting a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) car into an electric vehicle (EV) using a 5 kW Brushless DC (BLDC) electric motor. The conversion involves the removal of the traditional engine components and the integration of an electric propulsion system. The key components of the conversion include the BLDC motor, motor controller, battery pack, and associated power electronics. The BLDC motor is chosen for its efficiency, reliability, and compact design, making it suitable for retrofitting into existing vehicles. The motor controller manages the power supplied to the BLDC motor, ensuring optimal performance and efficiency. The project explores the challenges and solutions encountered during the conversion process, including adapting the vehicle's chassis to accommodate the new components, integrating a charging system, and addressing safety considerations. Additionally, efforts are made to optimize the overall weight distribution and maintain the vehicle's original handling characteristics. Performance testing is conducted to evaluate the acceleration, top speed, and overall efficiency of the converted electric vehicle. The results are compared with the original performance specifications of the conventional car to assess the success of the conversion. This project not only showcases the technical feasibility of converting conventional cars to electric vehicles but also highlights the environmental benefits associated with reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The findings contribute valuable insights to the growing field of electric vehicle conversions and promote sustainable transportation solutions.

Development of an Automatic Scissors Screw Car Jack

In this paper, an existing manual scissors screw car jack was converted to an automatic scissors screw car jack by introducing a sleeve coupling between the manual screw jack and a 12V DC electric motor, which is powered through a direct current energy flow directly from the car battery. The DC electric motor provides a turning effect to automatically power the screw jack for the purpose of lifting the desired load. A screw jack (manual or automatic) is a simple machine used in lifting heavy loads. It becomes very useful in vehicles when changing a punctured tire. It is mandatory for each vehicle plying an approved road to carry a jack for fixing a punctured tire. However, the operation of most car jacks is done manually and also requires prolonged bending or squatting positions when using the jack, making it difficult for most women, the disabled, the elderly, etc., and above all, not ergonomically suitable for the human body due to crouching and squatting positions when in use, which may result in health complications. The automatic scissors car jack developed was successfully tested on five different types of vehicles, with different weights. Five different tests measurements were carried out on each vehicle. The time taken to lift the vehicles 0.03 m off the ground was recorded. They ranged from 74 s to 90 s depending on the weight of the vehicle involved. The heavier the vehicle, the longer the time taken to lift the vehicle off the ground to the predetermined height of 0.03 m.

Electric Car Conversion

One of the directions for making cleaner and more economic vehicles is to adopt electric vehicle concept. Therefore, an internal combustion powered engine Nissan Micra Vehicle was converted into battery powered electric vehicle. The power train of the car was redesigned to use DC electric motor in replacement of the existing internal combustion engine and to give the gear ratios possibility of a normal car. The power rating of the motor was determined by considering the rolling, gradient and aerodynamic resistances which gave a total tractive effort of 12190.84 N. The designed power rating was then determined to be 8 kW and this value was used to select the number of batteries that gave the required current to reach an adequate range of operation. To balance the weight of the car, the battery rack was located behind the center of gravity to give the developed vehicle a neutral steer characteristic. After installation of electric motor, inverter and the batteries, then the batteries were connected in series and parallel to the inverter with cable wire via variable frequency drive to ac motor and potentiometer. The vehicle was then evaluated and the voltage produced was able to move the vehicle at 6.24 m/s and the maximum frequency obtained was fifty megahertz (50 MHz).

Краткий исторический обзор этапов создания и развития электрических машин

In order to deeply understand the patterns of development of any branch of knowledge, it is necessary to know its history. This article provides an overview of technical information related to the creation of electric machines. The review is based on the analysis of specialized literature sources and includes: prerequisites for the appearance of electromechanical energy converters – electric machines, the discovery of the principles of operation of electric machines, the development of DC electric generators, the development of DC electric motors, the development of AC electric machines, as well as the stages of development of theoretical research in the field of electromechanics. The information contained in the article will be useful for expanding the horizons of students studying in the direction of «Electric Power and Electrical Engineering», as well as for all persons showing at least some interest in electrical engineering. The history of the development of electric machines, which is considered in this article, is very instructive and deserves a lot of attention.

Increasing the Efficiency of Diagnostics in the Brush-Commutator Assembly of a Direct Current Electric Motor

Increasing the productivity and reliability of mining infrastructure facilities is an important task in achieving future goals. Mining dump trucks are an important part of coal mine infrastructure. In this article, to determine the reliability indicators in a brush–commutator unit and the residual life of electric motor brushes, a mathematical model for processing statistical data has been developed, which allows for the classification of types of failures and, unlike existing models, the determination of the life of the brushes according to the maximum extent of their wear. A method for predicting the residual life of an electric brush in a DC electric motor is presented, which contains a list of controlled reliability indicators, included a mathematical model. The described model improves the accuracy of the prediction and detection of DC motor failures. The derivation of the general formula for calculating the residual life of electric brushes is given. Based on the proposed mathematical model, we studied and calculated the reliability of the brush–commutator unit, the minimum height of the brush during operation, the average rate of its wear, the standard deviation and the mathematical expectation of brush wear. A nomogram of the failure-free operation time of the brush–commutator unit in a DC electric motor was modeled using the height of the brush during operation. Output parameters after the implementation of this monitoring system include the reliability of the electric motor operation. At the same time, diagnostic characteristics are improved twofold, and the residual life of the brush-switching unit is increased by 28–30%.

A unified methodology for the power efficiency analysis of physical systems

In this paper, the problem of power efficiency evaluation for n-ports physical systems is investigated. The efficiency analysis that we perform highlights the necessary and sufficient conditions for the system to be passive, and outlines the guidelines for the efficiency maps computation. After addressing the problem from a formal point of view, the analysis is deepened for the case of two-ports linear and nonlinear physical systems, and for the cases of three and four-ports linear systems. The efficiency analysis and the computation of the efficiency maps are addressed as a function of the power variables characterizing all the energetic ports of the considered systems. Furthermore, the salient properties of the efficiency are highlighted and discussed. The theoretical analysis which is developed is then applied to some physical systems of interest for industries and engineers working in the electromechanical, hydraulic and automotive fields: a DC electric motor driving an hydraulic pump for the two-ports systems class, a single-stage planetary gear set for the three-ports systems class, and a Ravigneaux planetary gear set for the four-ports systems class.

Stochastic Models and Processing Probabilistic Data for Solving the Problem of Improving the Electric Freight Transport Reliability

Improving the productivity and reliability of mining infrastructure is an important task contributing to the mining performance enhancement of any enterprise. Open-pit dump trucks that move rock masses from the mining site to unloading points are an important part of the infrastructure of coal mines, and they are the main transport unit used in the technological cycle during open-pit mining. The failure of any of the mining truck systems causes unscheduled downtime and leads to significant economic losses, which are associated with the need to immediately restore the working state and lost profits due to decreased site productivity and a disruption of the production cycle. Therefore, minimizing the number and duration of unscheduled repairs is a necessity. The most time-consuming operations are the replacement of the diesel engine, traction generator, and traction motors, which requires additional disassembly of the dump truck equipment; therefore, special reliability requirements are imposed on these units. In this article, a mathematical model intended for processing the statistical data was developed to determine the reliability indicators of the brush collector assembly and the residual life of brushes of electric motors, which, unlike existing models, allow the determination of the refined life of the brushes based on the limiting height of their wear. A method to predict the residual life of an electric brush of a DC electric motor is presented, containing a list of controlled reliability indicators that are part of the mathematical model. Using the proposed mathematical model, the reliability of the brush-collector assembly, the minimum height of the brush during operation, and the average rate of its wear were studied and calculated.

The Design of the Speed Control System of Supercharger Using Microcontroller

The cruise control system regulates the car's speed, focusing on simulating and assessing the air compressor's speed control within the engine speed control system. Comprising a microcontroller PIC30 main board, H-Bridge DC motor drive board, encoder, 12V DC motor, supercharger, and PC interface with MATLAB and Simulink, the system aims for efficient speed control. Simulation results showcase the impact on DC electric motor speed control, emphasizing clarity and stability. The study outlines distinct outcomes: 1) Deactivation of the control system. 2) Activation at 1100 rpm. 3) Operation at 1200 rpm. 4) Functioning at 1400 rpm. Observations reveal that without the air compressor, the system struggles to control rotational speed. Conversely, with the control system engaged, consistent average errors of 0.63% occur across the three specified speeds. The setting time remains under 2 seconds. Subsequently, the control system autonomously readjusts the speed to the predefined specifications. The research highlights the system's effectiveness in achieving stable speed control, offering insights into its practical application within automotive engineering.

Speed Control of Brushless DC Electric Motor (BLDC) Motor Using Hybrid Takagi Sugeno Fuzzy Logic and Enhanced Gravitational Search Algorithm with PSO

The brushless direct current motors have gained popularity among the emerging technologies due to their increased efficiency, speed of operation, and density of flux. This paper presents a novel technique for controlling the speed of the brushless direct current motor by using hybrid algorithms. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is combined with the Takagi Sugeno adaptive fuzzy interference system and gravitational search algorithms to analyze the speed control of the brushless DC electric motor (BLDC) motors. The proposed model has designed multiple outputs prototype for BLDC motor with Takagi Sugeno fuzzy logic. Since the adaptive fuzzy logic system has three outputs, the final output is evaluated as the average value of all the outputs using the LMS algorithm. The speed control of the Brushless DC motor has also been analyzed using a combination of the gravitational search algorithm and the PSO algorithm. The motor parameters taken under consideration for the analysis have been tabulated. The different results obtained at the end of this study have been demonstrated through graphs and tables.

Integral passivity‐based control of underactuated mechanical systems with actuator dynamics and constant disturbances

AbstractThis work investigates the energy shaping control of a class of underactuated mechanical systems with first‐order actuator dynamics and subject to both matched and unmatched constant additive disturbances. To this end, a new nonlinear control law which includes two independent integral actions is presented. The controller design is outlined for systems with first‐order actuator dynamics, and also for systems with direct actuation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated with numerical simulations on an inertia wheel pendulum and on a ball‐on‐beam system, both actuated by electric DC motors and subject to constant disturbances.

Roadside Sweeper Pada Tepi Jalan Raya Menggunakan Motor Listrik DC

Roadside sweeper is a tool that can sweep garbage in the form of leaves or small tree branches on the roadside. Roadside sweeper designed to use a DC electric motor as the driving force. This roadside sweeper also uses an emergency button for emergencies such as garbage getting stuck in a shelter which causes the driving motor to stop and stall. After testing the sweeper components and sweeper motor on the frame, it is known that the sweeper components and sweeper motor can function optimally, at a voltage of 12 Volts. From the test results it was also found that with a battery power of 3.5 Ah the Roadside Sweeper tool can work for 126 minutes and can run properly. This Roadside Sweeper tool can be concluded that to clean the roadside with optimal cleanliness, this tool must do 2 times of rotation to get satisfactory results.

Design of a Manure Smelting Machine Using a 1 HP DC Electric Motor, Using a V-Belt

Design of a Manure Smelting Machine Using a 1 HP DC Electric Motor, Using a V-Belt

Selection of a traction electric motor for arctic electric transport

Aim: selection of a traction motor for electric freight transport operating in the Arctic. Methods: To achieve this aim, the main characteristics of existing types of DC and AC electric motors were considered, as well as data on the use of one or another type of motor in modern electric vehicle. Results: A comparative analysis of the most common motors has led to 2 main leaders - a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and an induction motor (IM). Both types of motors are fully suitable for solving the aim. However, as it turned out later, PMSM is more often used for light vehicles, while IM in most cases is used for heavier vehicles. Conclusion: As a result of the analysis, it was decided that for electric transport operating in the Arctic, the best option is to use an induction motor as a traction motor.

Comparison of DC Motor Speed Calculation Efficiency between Inductive Proximity Sensor and Rotary Encoder

This study examines the level of effectiveness and efficiency of a sensor on the calculation of the rotational speed (RPM) of a DC motor, considering that the calculation of the rotational speed of an electric motor, both AC motors and DC motors, greatly influences the output of the system. the speed of motor rotation is very influential in several fields, such as power generation, which will affect the output voltage that will be generated. There are many methods for measuring the rotational speed of a motor, including using an inductive proximity sensor and a rotary encoder combined with a PLC as a control center and data processor so that the rotational speed can be read. the output of the proximity sensor and rotary encoder will be connected to the PLC input pin so that data will appear in the form of a pulse value which can be seen in the program that has been made. The data obtained will be processed in a program that uses special instructions, namely PRV. In comparison, the speed of a dc motor will be changed using a PWM module or pulse width modulation to adjust the rotational speed of the motor. From the results of experiments that have been carried out using the proximity sensor, it gives an average motor speed reading of 6420 Rpm with an error of -10.3, and experiments carried out using a rotary encoder give an average motor speed reading of 6409.3 Rpm with an error of 0.4 so that it can be concluded that the use of a rotary encoder is more accurate than the use of a proximity sensor to calculate motor speed.

Experimental Design of Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Valve Regulation under Water Load Uncertainty for Precision Irrigation

The application of control systems in precision irrigation is critical to ensure the accurate distribution of water in crops under various uncertainties. Shifts in the loading of the water supply on the control valve can be a significant uncertainty. Changes in weather and the uncertainty of the water level in the reservoir are also challenging issues. Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is a robust control technique that is simple to apply to deal with uncertainty, while Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control (FTSMC) has the benefit of the rapid convergence. The DC electric motor, which is a common component of electric control valves, can be employed in designing control techniques for precision irrigation applications. This study aims to design a proposed experimental-based method, namely FTSMC for valve regulation under water load uncertainty for precision irrigation application. Modification of the signum function should be used to eliminate the chattering effect in real experiments.The results of experiments showed that the proposed method was superior to the conventional Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and traditional SMC techniques in terms of overshoot, convergence rate and error. Because of those reasons, the FTSMC approach should be implemented on control valves against load uncertainty in precision irrigation applications.

THEORY OF CATASTROPHES REGARDING THE OPERATION OF A DC ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH SERIES EXCITATION

This paper brings in the spotlight the theory of catastrophes and its application for the analysis of the equilibrium positions of dynamic electrical systems. A study model was adopted in the case of a DC electric motor with series excitation operating in transient regime. From the perspective of the theory of catastrophes, starting from the operating equations of the direct current electric motor with series excitation, the functions that describe its behavior in the phase-space and in the control-space were obtained and then the equilibrium points of the chosen model were determined. Also, for a clearer understanding of the results obtained, the evolution of this behavior in the phase-space and in the control-space was highlighted graphically, using the MATLAB software.

Focus on software, data acquisition, and instrumentation

Focus on software, data acquisition, and instrumentation

Research of an oscillatory electro-mechanical system consisting of two DC motors

An electromechanical system (EMS) is considered, the oscillations of which are excited by two DC electric motors. The equations of EMS motion in the Lagrange-Maxwell form are compiled. Numerical integration of the system of equations for specific parameters has been carried out. Graphs of dependence of platform oscillations on applied voltage. The conditions for oscillations of the platform with small amplitudes are obtained.

Fault Diagnosis Based Machine Learning and Fault Tolerant Control of Multicellular Converter Used in Photovoltaic Water Pumping System

Currently, providing water in developing countries, especially in dry and hot rural areas, is a significant challenge. However, creating new electric grids is often expensive. Therefore, the use of low-cost photovoltaic (PV) panels in water pumping systems, without chemical energy storage, based on high-performance and more efficient power converters with increased time life and lower maintenance interventions is needed. In this study, a photovoltaic water pumping system with two power converters, the first is used to extract the maximum power using the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, and the second is a three-cell multicellular power converter used to control the DC motor with a submerged pump. Meanwhile, the serial connection and redundant topology of multicellular converters render the system more vulnerable to failure. fault diagnosis-based machine learning approach and fault tolerant control (FTC) are proposed for multicellular power converters. Simulation results with MATLAB show the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed structure and control to isolate the faulty capacitor, increase the sustainability of the system, assure the supply of water under faulty conditions, minimize the mechanical vibrations in electric DC motors, and avoid PV system shutdown.

Research on PID control of electric traction DC motor speed based on MATLAB

With the development of science and technology, digital control systems are more widely used, which is more conducive to the development of intelligent power locomotives. In the speed control process of electric traction DC motor, considering the stability, rapidity, accuracy and other requirements of speed control, digital position type PID control strategy is adopted.This study first models the power traction DC motor and analyzes the performance of the system. In order to improve the performance index of the system, a digital PID control strategy is adopted.MATLAB simulation results show that the controller has good speed and stability for the speed control of electric traction DC motor.