dB Insertion Loss Research Articles

The Co-Design of Broadband Diplexer and Quasi-Reflectionless Lowpass/Highpass TFIPD Filter Chip

A new ultra-miniaturized 5G N78 and N79 diplexer based on GaAs Thin Film Integrated Passive Device (TFIPD) technology is proposed in this brief. By a NiCr thin film resistor, the quasi-reflectionless lowpass/highpass filter can also be achieved on the same circuit structure without any increase of size. Circuit schematic is composed of serial-parallel inductances and capacitances, which generates out-of-band transmission zeros. The proposed design provides <2 dB insertion loss and >15 dB out-of-band rejection. Therefore, the GaAs-based TFIPD technology can support low-loss, high-precision, and miniaturized design desires of 5G radio-frequency (RF) front-end devices. Chip model is demonstrated through EM simulation, wafer fabrication, and measurement.

High-Performance All-Optical Hybrid Plasmonic Switch Using Zn-Doped Cadmium Oxide

In this article, a novel hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG)-based all-optical switch (AOS) using zinc-doped cadmium oxide (ZnCdO) is reported and numerically investigated with the finite-element method. This oxide layer, which is a well-known transparent conductive oxide (TCO), can be switched from a dielectric to a metallic phase by electrical tuning the refractive index. The mobility of free-carrier concentration is highly magnified with a nonlinear optical effect induced by the epsilon-near-zero material near the telecommunication wavelength. We have simulated the plasmonic switch using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulator, predicting 13.75 dB extinction ratio (ER), 0.5 dB insertion loss (IL), and 27.5 figure-of-merit (FoM) at 1.55 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> wavelength. We also performed the reliability study by varying parameters, such as the width and height of the waveguide, which affect the performance of the on-chip switch design. In addition, the proposed AOS can be easily integrated with future silicon photonic circuits for ultrafast switching applications.

Design of Miniaturized Frequency-Selective Rasorber With Embedded Dual-Bow Resonators

This letter proposed a miniaturized frequency-selective rasorber (FSR). This FSR consists of a conducting sheet layer with embedded dual-bow resonators and a bandpass frequency-selective surface layer with a cross-ring slot. The structure exhibits absorption–transmission–absorption (A-T-A) characteristics that shows excellent transmission performance in 2.4 GHz band. The unit size of structure is 0.113 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the thickness is 0.071 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the lowest frequency of the absorption band satisfying 80% absorption rate. The simulation results show that the center frequency of the transmission band is located at 2.42 GHz with 0.24 dB insertion loss. Under the condition of 80% absorption rate, the absorption bandwidth is 58.82% for the low-frequency absorption band, and 58.6% for the high-frequency absorption band. The concept of slope in mathematics is introduced into FSR for the first time to define steep drop characteristics. Finally, in order to verify the correctness of the analysis results, a prototype of FSR with 20×20 units is processed and measured, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

Rethinking Liquid Crystal Tunable Phase Shifter Design with Inverted Microstrip Lines at 1–67 GHz by Dissipative Loss Analysis

Growing 5G/6G phased-array beam-steering applications, for which liquid crystal (LC) is one of the enabling technology candidates, have sparked interest in the modulation of the phase (and amplitude) of microwave and millimeter-wave signals. In this communication, fresh insights into the systematic design analysis of a 1–67 GHz passive inverted microstrip line (IMSL) phase shifter filled with highly anisotropic LC as tunable dielectric media are obtained. Based on waveguide disturbance tests to characterize the dielectric properties of the non-tunable PCB and tunable LC used in the IMSL phase shift device filled with a GT3-24002 LC layer (125 µm thick) partially enclosing a 220 µm wide, 17 µm thick, 1.35 cm long copper core line, a 0–π differential phase shift in the 1–67 GHz range with less than 2 dB insertion loss is reported. Dissipative loss analysis shows that the dielectric absorption of the LC is 21.28% of the input signal power at 60 GHz. Further investigation is performed to quantify the impacts of dielectric substrate thicknesses (PCB and LC) on the wave-occupied volume ratio (and hence the phase tuning range), as well as on dissipative losses (including conductor loss and dielectric loss). Specifically, conductor loss is observed to follow a linear relationship with the reciprocal of the LC thickness.

Design and fabrication of a compact branch-line hybrid coupler with a balanced phase using a new microstrip structure for GSM applications

A novel microstrip quadrature hybrid coupler is mathematically designed, optimized and fabricated in this work. The physical structure of the proposed coupler is new and it occupies a very small area of 0.01 λg2. The novel stubs embedded inside the conventional rectangle are connected parallel lines. The ends of these stubs are connected to a solid rectangle, which make the overall structure different from the previous works. Our branch-line coupler is designed to work at 1.8 GHz for GSM applications. The phase imbalance between S21 and S31 is only 0.01°, which is very small compared to the previous works. Another advantage of the presented coupler is its high isolation, which is about 40 dB. Meanwhile, other parameters such as common port return loss and coupling factors are desired. To design this coupler, two low-loss lowpass filters (LPFs) are designed and embedded in the main structure. A mathematical design method is presented to decrease the losses, where a 0.002 dB insertion loss for the LPF is achieved. We measured the presented structure. The measurement results verifies the simulations with high accuracy. Therefore, due to having a novel structure, very small size, the lowest phase shift, good isolation and good return loss the proposed coupler can be easily used in RF communication systems.

Базовые конструкции СВЧ балансных фильтров на оттекающих поверхностных акустических волнах

Ladder filters on leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAW) with electrical connection of resonators provide the lowest insertion loss IL=0.6-1.2 dB as compared with other types of LSAW filters, such as longitudinally coupled resonator filters. A drawback of ordinary nonsymmetrical ladder filters on LSAW is their limited selectivity (or minimal attenuation in the stop band) about UR=40-45 dB. In addition some problems arise when matching nonsymmetrical ladder filters to balanced or differential microcircuits. The present paper describes basic symmetric П-type and Т-type sections as well as various structures of ladder filters that allow to achieve a high selectivity thanks of parasitic electromagnetic signal (EMS) suppression. An extra advantage of balanced LSAW filters is their possibility to work with high impedance symmetric loads. The results of our study have been illustrated by few examples of balanced filters constructions on frequency 1217 MHz with selectivity UR=55-7- dB and low insertion loss IL=1,5-2,0 dB. Filters exhibiting high selectivity UR=55-70 dB and small insertion loss IL=1,2-4,0 dB. The described constructions may be used as basic for application on TV tuners, receivers of communication and navigation systems in frequency range 600-2000 MHz.

A Programmable Microwave Components Reconfigurable Between Four Functions

Aiming at realizing a reconfigurable microwave passive component programmable by software, whose counterpart in the digital domain is an FPGA, this work proposes a novel programmable passive microwave component. The component consists of basic functional units, transmission units and microwave switches, denoted as the basic building blocks. The states of the switches are controlled by software, resulting in different combination of the building blocks in different topologies where the distribution of the electromagnetic (EM) field is altered, thus different functions of the component. More specifically, the design is based on a planar micro-strip (MS) patch circuit. A resonance patch, a slot, a coupling MS line are used as the basic functional units, impedance transformation and MS transmission lines are used as the basic transmission units, which are connected by microwave PIN diode switches to form different topologies that can work as an antenna, a filter, a splitter, or a coupler with an FPGA acting as the control circuit. A prototype component is fabricated and measured with the following results. The antenna central frequency is 3.22 GHz, with realized gain 6.2dBi. The pass-band of the filter is 3.35-3.53 GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 6.3%) with an insertion loss (IL) ~ 2.7 dB. The splitter has a working band of 2.4-3.5GHz, a 1.6dB IL, a ±0.4dB amplitude unbalance and a ±3.4° phase unbalance. The coupler works at 2.5-5 GHz, whose IL~1.7dB, coupling coefficient ~30±1.4dB. The four functions can be switched at will among each other by software control.

A Compact Filtering Coupler with Unwanted Harmonic Rejection Using LC Composite Lines for Communication Systems Applications

In this paper, new LC lumped components and composite lines are used to create a filtering branch line coupler (FBLC) with a small size and wide suppression band. New composite lines are proposed using applied LC lumped components, which are used as the coupler main branches. The proposed FBLC suppresses second to sixth harmonics with high attention level and provides a wide stopband from 1.6 GHz to 5 GHz with more than 20 dB of attention. The presented coupler is analyzed, designed, simulated, and implemented. The measured results show that the proposed FBLC correctly operates at 800 MHz with less than 0.25 dB of insertion loss. In addition, more than 29 dB of return loss and isolation is measured at operating frequency, which shows the correct performance of the proposed design. The size of the proposed FBLC is equal to 23.7 mm × 25.5 mm (0.086λ × 0.093λ), which shows an 87% size reduction. The proposed FBLC with the designed frequency can be used in the communication systems for narrow-band Internet of things (NB-IoT) and traffic control radar applications.

Substrate-Integrated Coaxial Line (SICL) Rotman Lens Beamformer for 5G/B5G Applications

High-band allocations in the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) frequency spectrum offer high-capacity wireless information transmission as required by fifth generation (5G) communication standards. Among different beamforming structures, the Rotman lens (RL) is an attractive passive-microwave-lens-based beamforming network due to its low fabrication cost, reliability, design simplicity and wide-angle scanning capabilities. Conventionally, the RL is implemented using microstrip line (MSL) technology for which there are inherent radiation losses that become severe when operating in mm-Wave 5G frequency bands. In this context, a novel substrate-integrated coaxial line (SICL)-based RL is designed, fabricated and tested, for accurate beamforming with extremely low feed line insertion loss. This article presents a complete design, development and performance analysis of an SICL-based RL beamformer. By using an SICL, isolation of up to 15 dB is achieved between the input beam ports of the RL, while the mutual coupling is kept at less than 20 dB. The SICL design shows a −10 dB insertion loss between the array and beam ports when compared to the same RL developed using MSL technology having an insertion loss of −15 dB. Due to the use of low-loss SICL technology, a realized gain of up to 14.2 dBi is achieved with an excellent scanning capability of −30 to 30 degrees, verifying for the first time the beamforming capabilities associated with SICL technology. The operational frequency band is 20–45 GHz, while the center operating frequency is 26 GHz making it appropriate for above 6-GHz 5G New Radio (NR) operating bands n257 (26.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz), n258 (24.25 GHz to 27.5 GHz), n261 (27.5 GHz to 28.35 GHz) and n260 (37 GHz to 40 GHz). Owing to the low-loss and stable beamforming performance, the SICL RL is suitable for mm-Wave 5G and is extendable to B5G applications.

Evanescent‐mode bandpass filter using D‐shaped slotlines for spurious harmonic suppression

AbstractA novel miniaturized evanescent‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter with D‐shaped slotlines for spurious harmonic suppression is proposed in this letter. Closed‐form equations for the proposed evanescent‐mode SIW cavity are summarized and two D‐shaped slotlines are etched together as a pair by the face‐to‐face style to obtain the designed lowpass feature, which could be utilized to improve the out‐of‐band spurious harmonic rejection level. To validate the feasibility of this method, a miniaturized evanescent‐mode SIW filter with D‐shaped slotlines is designed and measured. The measured results show that this filter operates at 1.05 GHz with 2.4 dB insertion loss and 3.8% bandwidth. The out‐of‐band spurious rejection is lower than 16 dB up to 11 times of the higher cutoff frequency of the passband. All test results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

High-efficiency broadband third-order OAM mode converter based on a multi-period preset-twist long-period fiber grating.

All-fiber mode converters for generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams have many applications in optical communications, optical sensing and lasers. Currently, it is a great challenge to use a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) to broadband excite high-order OAM modes above the second-order. Here, we demonstrate a preset-twist LPFG fabrication method, which introduces asymmetry in the refractive index modulation area, for efficient generation of third-order modes. Through optimization, the generation of third-order OAM modes with 99.55% conversion efficiency, 0.81 dB insertion loss, and over 99% purity is achieved with only 40 pitch number. In addition, a multi-period preset-twist LPFG is proposed and demonstrated to achieve the excitation of broadband third-order mode with conversion efficiency of more than 99%, insertion loss of less than 1 dB, and mode purity of more than 90%. The 15 dB bandwidth (96.8% conversion efficiency) of the LPFG is 109 nm in the wavelength range from 1475 nm to 1584 nm, and the 20 dB bandwidth (99% conversion efficiency) of the LPFG is 92 nm from 1488 nm to 1580 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to generate efficient and broadband third-order mode using a long-period fiber grating.

Microfluidically Reconfigurable mm-Wave Slow Wave Phase Shifter With Integrated Actuation

A microfluidically reconfigurable slow wave phase shifter (MRPS) with integrated actuation is introduced. MRPS is based on a selectively metalized plate (SMP) repositionable within a microfluidic channel placed in close proximity to a microstrip line. SMP repositioning creates a variable capacitive loading to alter the speed of the propagating wave. The device exhibits < 2 dB insertion loss (IL) and a reconfiguration time of 50 ms. The <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|S_{21}|$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|S_{11}|$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and phase performances are characterized to be stable with respect to gravity by no more than 0.16 dB, 3.02 dB, and 7.73° variations, respectively. Vibration test shows 0.08 dB in IL, 1.72 dB in return loss (RL), and 4.23° in phase variations. The device is expected to handle 5.2 W of continuous RF power.

Scattering Mitigation Frequency Selective Surface for Unidirectional Blockage Compensation

This communication describes a concept of scattering mitigation frequency-selective surface (FSS) for unidirectional blockage compensation using a single substrate FSS without modification of the obstacle. The devised scattering mitigation FSS generates the complementary electric field to that of the blockage, enabling the blockage to become electromagnetically transparent to the antenna. Using superposition and linearity, the spatial impedance distribution of the FSS is calculated. The devised FSS consists of indented patch elements consisting of four symmetric via structures to exhibit a wide tunable transmission phase range and less than 1 dB insertion loss at the center frequency of 30.0 GHz for proof-of-concept. The proposed scattering mitigation FSS is verified in transverse magnetic (TMz)- and transverse electric (TEz)-polarized cylinder scattering scenarios. The measurement confirms the improvements of the main beam peak gain and restoration of far-field radiation patterns. The proposed investigation is expected to provide concise and practical scattering reduction solutions for blockage scenario such as vehicular communication in urban areas.

A 140-GHz FMCW TX/RX-Antenna-Sharing Transceiver With Low-Inherent-Loss Duplexing and Adaptive Self-Interference Cancellation

This article presents a 140-GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar transceiver featuring transmit/receive (TX/RX) antenna sharing that address a TX/RX beam misalignment problem when large-aperture lenses/mirrors/reflectarrays are used for pencil beam forming. A full-duplexing technique based on circular polarization and geometrical symmetry is applied to mitigate the 3 dB + 3 dB insertion loss inherent to conventionally adopted directional couplers, while still maintaining high TX-to-RX isolation. In addition, a self-adaptive self-interference cancellation (SIC) is implemented to suppress extra leakage due to antenna mismatch from a desired frontside radiation scheme. The TX/RX antenna sharing enables the pairing with a large 3-D printed planar lens and boosts the measured effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) to 25.2 dBm. The measured total radiated power and minimum single-sideband noise figure (SSB NF) including antenna and duplexer losses are 6.2 dBm and 20.2 dB, respectively. The measured total TX-RX isolation is 33.3 dB under 14-GHz wide FMCW chirps. Based on a 65-nm complimentary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the chip has a die area of 3.1 mm2 and consumes 405 mW of dc power. Among all reported sub-THz transceivers with TX/RX antenna sharing, this work demonstrates the highest total radiated power and is the only work that has >30 dB of TX-RX isolation while mitigating the inherent 6 dB coupler loss.

Tunable On‐Chip Terahertz Isolator Based on Nonreciprocal Transverse Edge Spin State of Asymmetric Magneto‐Plasmonic Waveguide

AbstractTerahertz (THz) isolators are crucial to one‐way transmission in THz application systems. However, it is still challenging to implement THz isolators with integrated structure and tunable characteristics. Herein, a THz isolator based on a magneto‐plasmonic waveguide (MPWG) has been demonstrated. In this InSb‐air‐metal asymmetric waveguide, the plasmonic band gap is excited and thermally tuned by surface plasmons. Moreover, under weak external magnetic fields (EMFs), magneto‐plasmons excite nonreciprocal transverse edge spin states, which break the time‐reversal symmetry of the MPWG and lead to a pair of isolation bandgaps that only allow one‐way transmission. The experimental results of both broadband time‐domain spectrum system and single‐frequency system confirm this isolator can achieve more than 20 dB isolation and only 4 dB insertion loss. More importantly, its isolation can be actively modulated by EMFs from 0 to 0.23 T, and also realize broadband tuning of over 1 THz frequency range by controlling the temperature from 80 to 280 K. This topological edge band structure of transverse spin states and its active manipulation mechanism are helpful to deepen the understanding of nonreciprocal plasmon propagation, and this broadband tunable THz on‐chip isolator is significant to urgently apply in strong THz sources and ultra‐sensitive detectors.

A 4.5–7.5 GHz highly integrated transceiver front‐end for UWB application

AbstractIn this letter, a 4.5–7.5 GHz highly integrated transceiver front‐end, incorporating two single‐pole three‐throw (SP3T) transmit/receive (T/R) switches, a low‐noise amplifier (LNA), a power amplifier (PA), and a bypass path for UWB positioning and communication systems applications, is reported. The mode switches among transmitting, receiving, and bypass are achieved by utilizing two control voltages through integrating a 2–4 decoder. Meanwhile, to ensure low‐power dissipation in different modes, the LNA and PA work in different modes (enable or disable) for transmitting and receiving status while both the LNA and PA are disabled for bypass mode. Fabricated by using 0.5‐μm GaAs pHEMT process, the presented FEM achieves 20‐dB gain, and 2.5‐dB typical noise figure for receiving mode, 8‐dB gain, and 16‐dBm OP1dB for transmitting mode, and 1.8 dB insertion loss for bypass mode, with a compact chip area of 1.5 mm × 1.7 mm. To the best of authors' knowledge, the presented circuits are the highest integrated and smallest chip area transceiver front‐end for UWB application among all previously reported UWB‐related RF front‐end chips.

RF Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer With Integrated Superconducting Diplexers

We present the design and characterization of a broadband RF Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (RF-JAWS) with a series array of 4500 Josephson junctions (JJs) and integrated low-pass/high-pass five-pole superconducting diplexers. The integrated diplexers enable broadband filtering of the feedthrough signal components in the drive-current pulses with decade-wide instantaneous bandwidth. The diplexers have at least 30 GHz passband with less than 0.8 dB insertion loss. The JJ array is driven with a delta-sigma pulse sequence that encodes 10 kHz and 1.005 GHz tones, and generates an open-circuit voltage of 22 mV rms (−26.18 dBm available power assuming a 50 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{\Omega }$</tex-math></inline-formula> Thevenin equivalent source) at 1.005 GHz—a 25% increase compared to the state of the art. The drive current pulses undergo a three-step equalization to compensate for the linear distortion of the room-temperature electronics, the on-chip diplexers, and the remaining on- and off-chip components. The measured parasitic feedthrough voltages at 1.005 GHz are around −33 dBc, and their effect on the quantum locking ranges (QLRs) is quantified by measurements. The results demonstrated in this article show a significant step toward a broadband, integrated, quantum-based microwave voltage source with useful power above −30 dBm.

Compact dual-band rectangular T E10 mode to circular TM01 mode converter for telemetry/telecommand applications in satellite communication: design, equivalent circuit modeling, mode level measurement technique and 3d printed manufacturing

In this study, the design of a dual-band mode converter, which provides transition from rectangular waveguide T E10 mode to circular waveguide TM01 mode and operates simultaneously in telemetry/telecommand (TT&C) frequencies, is presented along with its equivalent circuit and a mode level measurement technique. This dual-band converter is designed to uniformly excite TT&C slot antennas used in satellite communication with symmetric circular TM01 mode. The structure can work as a transceiver due to having one common rectangular waveguide feed. As a Ku-band application, a converter giving high purity TM01 mode at circular waveguide at 11.75 GHz/TX and 13.75 GHz/RX center frequencies is designed and manufactured with 3D printing technology. Approximate equivalent circuit models of the designed structure are extracted by using lumped elements from simulated S-parameter results. In addition, a measurement technique to detect the normalized power levels of different propagation modes in dual-band mode converter is applied on the manufactured structures to obtain transmission levels of circular TM01 mode and suppression levels of circular T E11 mode. It is revealed from the measurement results that while the designed structure gives more than 17.5 dB return loss and suppression of T E11 mode, and less than 0.6 dB insertion loss of TM01 mode within 500 MHz bandwidth at TX band, it gives more than 23 dB return loss and suppression of T E11 mode, and less than 0.3 dB insertion loss of T M01 mode within 900 MHz bandwidth at RX band.

TiN-GST-TiN all-optical reflection modulator for the 2µm wave band reaching 85% efficiency.

In this study, we present an all-optical reflection modulator for the 2µm communication band exploiting a nanogear-array metasurface and phase-change-material G e 2 S b 2 T e 5 (GST). The reflectance of the structure can be manipulated by altering the phase of GST by employing optical stimuli, and this paper provides details on the optical and opto-thermal modeling techniques of GST. A numerical investigation reveals that the metastructure exhibits a conspicuous changeover from ∼99% absorption to very poor interaction with the operating light depending on the switching states of the GST, ending up with 85% modulation depth and only 0.58dB insertion loss. Due to noticeable differences in optical responses, we can demonstrate a high extinction ratio of 28dB and a commendable figure of merit of 49, so far the best modulation performance in this wavelength window, to our knowledge. In addition, real-time tracking of reflectance during phase transition manifests high-speed switching expending low energy per cycle, of the order of sub-nJ. Hence, given its overall performance, the device will be a paradigm for optical modulators for upcoming 2µm communication technology.

Polarization-insensitive 40-channel 100-GHz spacing fold-back planar echelle grating Mux/Demux for photonic integrated wavelength-selective switches.

We present and numerically demonstrate a novel polarization-insensitive (PI) 40-channel 100-GHz spacing fold-back planar echelle grating (PEG) multiplexer/demultiplexer (Mux/Demux) to realize the compact 1 × 2 crossing-less photonic integrated wavelength-selective switch (PIC-WSS). The PI operation is achieved by a polarization splitter to feed the TE and TM mode into the PEG via two waveguides with different incidental angles so that the two diffracted modes combine at the same output waveguide. By optimizing the design of different input/output angle combinations and sharing the same blazed angle, a single compact PI PEG with fold-back configuration can simultaneously work as twice the Demux and Mux required. The footprint of the single fold-back PI PEG is only ∼40 mm2. The numerical results show that the 40-channel 100-GHz spaced PI fold-back PEG has < 2.4 dB insertion loss, < -60 dB cross talk, zero polarization-dependent wavelength shift (PDWS), 0.3 dB polarization-dependent loss (PDL), < 0.5 dB loss variation and < 0.01 nm wavelength shift between Mux and Demux.