Daily Drinking Research Articles

Implementasi Kebijakan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Pokok Air Minum di Kabupaten Paser

The application of the Minimum Service Standard policy for Fulfilling Daily Drinking Water Basic Needs in Paser Regency has followed the applicable technical standards, both from the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, as well as from regulations issued by the Regional Government of Paser Regency itself. But actually, it is necessary to identify what are the factors that support and hinder the implementation of SPM policies. From the results of data analysis, it was found that the process of implementing the MSS policy for the drinking water sub-sector was still not under technical standards because the basic data used in calculating service needs did not refer to the local BPS Susenas data, and there was no determination of priorities and targets for implementing SPM. The supporting factors identified included: Policy standards and targets, budgetary support, organizational internal and external communications, suitability of the duties and functions of the DPUTR in Human Settlements (organizational characteristics), positive responses and support from the community, a relatively conducive political situation, full support (response) from implementers/employees, and the level of implementer tendencies were quite high and positive. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors include the lack of number and competence of employees in the implementing organization (Cipta Karya Division of the Paser Regency DPUTR), the unstable social and economic conditions of Paser Regency, and the low level of understanding of SPM policy implementers in the drinking water sub-sector.

Oral self-administration of pregabalin in a mouse model and the resulting drug addiction features

Prescription drug abuse is an issue that is rapidly growing globally. Pregabalin, an anticonvulsant, analgesic, and anxiolytic medication, is effective in the management of multiple neurological disorders; however, there is increasing concern regarding its widespread illicit use. It has been previously reported in mice that pregabalin can induce conditioned place preference. In this current investigation, the potential of pregabalin to elicit free-choice drinking in a mouse model of drug addiction, and its effect on recognition and withdrawal behaviors after forced abstinence, were studied. Twenty-two male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7–8/group); control, pregabalin-30, and pregabalin-60. The study had three phases: habituation (days 1–5) with free water access, free-choice drinking (days 6–13) with pregabalin groups receiving one water and one pregabalin bottle, and forced abstinence (days 14–21) with free water access. On day 13, the first open field test was conducted, followed by the Novel Object Recognition Test. On day 21, the second open field test was performed, followed by the Tail Suspension Test and Forced Swimming Test. Pregabalin elicited voluntary drinking in the higher-dose group, concurrently causing a decline in recognition memory performance in the novel object recognition test. Moreover, pregabalin induced withdrawal behavior after a period of forced abstinence in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. This is the first report to establish an animal model of free-choice pregabalin drinking that may be used for further molecular studies and targeted therapy for pregabalin addiction.

Associations among Trauma Exposure, Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Alcohol Use in Black/African American Treatment-Seeking Adults

Objective Black/African American (AA) individuals are a group at risk for co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and alcohol use due to unique cultural and system-level barriers. Although associations between trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol use are well established across various populations, Black/AA individuals are underrepresented in this literature, and related findings in this population are inconclusive. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine the associations among trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol use in a sample of treatment-seeking, Black/AA adults. We hypothesized that trauma exposure and alcohol use would be positively associated and that this relationship would be mediated by PTSD symptoms. Methods This study conducted secondary analysis of screening data from a PTSD and alcohol use disorder clinical trial. Participants were 96 Black/AA adults (57.3% male; 2.0% Hispanic; M age = 44.73, SD = 11.83) who were seeking treatment for alcohol use and endorsed trauma exposure. Associations between trauma exposure, PTSD symptom severity, and quantity and frequency of alcohol use were tested using bivariate correlations and linear regressions. Hypothesized indirect effects were tested using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 27 PROCESS model 4 with bootstrapping. Results Findings illustrated a significant positive association between trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms and between PTSD symptoms and drinks per typical drinking day. PTSD symptoms were not significantly associated with number of drinking days. Tests of indirect effects were significant for trauma exposure on drinks per typical drinking day through PTSD symptoms. Conclusions Results from the test of indirect effects suggest that among Black/AA adults with heavy alcohol use and trauma exposure, trauma exposure is associated with PTSD symptoms, which in turn is associated with quantity of alcohol use. These findings are consistent with research conducted with White/mixed groups and align with tenets of the self-medication model of PTSD-AUD comorbidity. These findings support current practices that highlight the importance of screening for and addressing PTSD and alcohol use in individuals exposed to trauma. Findings from this paper provide initial data on understudied relationships in an underserved sample and several suggestions are made to generate future research and improve clinical care for Black/AA adults.

Early Detection Patterns Of Chronic Kidney Disease Based On Differences In Individual Health Status In Kendari City

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was small but it continued to increase every year in Kendari City. The patients were difficult to monitor. The aim of this research is to formulate an early detection pattern for CKD based on differences in individual health status in Kendari City. Methods: This quantitative research used a cross sectional study design which was conducted at 4 Community Health Centers and 3 Hospitals in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Recruited 136 respondents aged between 24-70 years. Data collection by interviews with questionnaires. The dependent variable is health status, and the independent variables include behavior, psychological environment, stress and genetics. Data analysis used chi square statistical tests, crosstabulation and multinomial logistic regression. Results: There is a significant difference in drinking water consumption behavior of less than 1000 ml a day (p<0.0001, OR=1.56, B=-20.276), calorie intake of less than 1534 calories a day (p<0.05, OR=2.13, B=-19.969 ), physical activity (p<0.05, OR=5.7, B=1.735), medication adherence (P<0.01, OR=0.4,B=1.999) and psychological stress environment (p<0.0001,OR=8.6, B=2.151 ) with the respondent's health status. Meanwhile, herbal consumption behavior (p=0.195) and genetic factors (p=0.813) did not show significant differences with individual health status. Conclusion: Early detection patterns for CKD can use the variable such as less drinking water consumption in healthy people and no obedient medication in single disease group. Using variables of less daily drinking water consumption and heavy physical activity in multiple diseases group, and less drinking water consumption, less physical activity, and moderate stress in CKD group.

Alcohol use among NTNU students 2007-19.

Alcohol consumption is widespread in student environments. The objective of the study was to examine alcohol use among students at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in a twelve-year perspective. The study is cross-sectional, based on two questionnaire surveys conducted in lecture breaks at NTNU in 2007 and 2019. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. The questionnaire surveyed background variables and alcohol use, and included questions from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The respondents were categorised into risk profiles based on their results. An AUDIT score of ≥8 was used as the threshold value for risky/potentially harmful alcohol use. The study included 2,247 students: 857 from 2007 and 1,390 from 2019. The proportion of women was 42.3% in 2007 and 54.9% in 2019. The average age was 21.5 years (2007) and 22.5 years (2019). The average AUDIT score was 10.7 in 2007 and 8.5 in 2019. A total of 937 students (67.6%) consumed alcohol two to four times per month or more in 2019, a reduction of 9.8% from 2007. Altogether 885 students (67.8%) consumed five or more alcohol units on a typical drinking day in 2019, a reduction of 12.8% from 2007. A considerable one-fifth reduction in the proportion of students with risky alcohol use occurred from 2007 to 2019. However, the alcohol use of more than half of the students may still pose a long-term risk.

Interactive effect of adverse child experiences and suicidal thoughts and behaviors on adolescent alcohol and cannabis use frequency.

Adolescents with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and suicidality may engage in high levels of substance use to alleviate distress. Most studies of associations among ACEs, suicidality, and substance use rely on retrospective reports by adults. Comparatively less is known about concurrent relationships between ACEs, suicide risk, and substance use in adolescents, which is important for prevention. This study tested if the associations between ACEs and drinking and between ACEs and cannabis use would be even stronger among youth with suicidal ideation or attempt, relative to youth without suicidal ideation or attempt. High schoolers (N = 1,625; 50.8% male; 47.1% female; 2% nonbinary) from western New York completed the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Ordinal regressions tested main effects and interactions of the number of ACEs and suicidal ideation/behavior (i.e., none, ideation/plan, attempt) on categories of past-month drinking and cannabis days of use, controlling for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Significant ACEs by suicide interactions on adolescent drinking indicate that the association between ACEs and drinking was stronger for adolescents with suicide attempt adjusted odds ratio (AOR = 2.63) compared to youth with no ideation or attempt (AOR = 1.56) and suicidal ideation/planning only (AOR = 1.58). Main effects of ACEs (AORs = 1.95-2.08) and suicide attempt (vs. no suicidal ideation/attempt [AOR = 2.11] and suicidal ideation/plan [AOR = 2.11]) were associated with greater cannabis use; interactions were not significant. Associations between ACEs and drinking were particularly strong for adolescents with suicide attempt. Conversely, ACEs and suicide attempt were independently associated with cannabis use. Mitigating against ACEs may reduce both adolescent alcohol and cannabis use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Association of over the counter "hangover remedy" use with alcohol use problems and consumption patterns among young adults.

This cross-sectional study of young adults examined associations of hangover remedy use with alcohol use problems. Results suggest that ever-use of hangover remedy products was positively associated with alcohol use problem score, drinks per typical drinking day, and alcohol use disorder symptom count. Use of hangover remedies among young adults merits further scientific and regulatory attention.

Role of health literacy profiles in fluid management of individuals receiving haemodialysis: A cross-sectional study.

To identify health literacy profiles in individuals receiving haemodialysis and to explore how these profiles interact with individuals' self-efficacy, engagement with traditional dietary habits, self-reported fluid restriction and relative-interdialytic weight gain. A cross-sectional study engaging nephrology departments from four hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. A sample of 433 individuals receiving haemodialysis participated between December 2018 and July 2019. We assessed health literacy, self-efficacy and self-reported fluid restriction using the Health Literacy Questionnaire, the Fluid Self-efficacy Scale and the Fluid Adherence Subscale, respectively. Traditional dietary habits, including daily tea drinking, soup drinking and preserved food consumption, were measured using three yes/no questions. Relative-interdialytic weight gain was calculated by dividing the mean interdialytic weight gain (from three recent intervals) by dry weight. Latent profile analysis and structural equation modelling were performed. Three health literacy profiles were identified: low, moderate and high. Compared to those in the low health literacy profile, individuals in high and moderate health literacy profiles demonstrated an indirect association with reduced relative-interdialytic weight gain. This reduction can be attributed to their higher self-efficacy levels, decreased reliance on dietary habits and higher self-reported fluid restrictions. Most participants exhibited either low or moderate levels of health literacy. Improving health literacy has the potential to promote self-efficacy and foster effective fluid restriction, ultimately leading to a reduction in relative-interdialytic weight gain in individuals receiving haemodialysis. This study reveals heterogeneity in health literacy levels among individuals receiving haemodialysis and illuminates the connections between an individual's entire spectrum of health literacy and fluid management. These findings provide valuable insights for developing person-centred fluid management interventions, especially for individuals with diverse cultural dietary backgrounds within the haemodialysis population. We adhered to the STROBE guideline. Patients were included only for collecting their data.

Prevalence and correlates of positive parental attitudes towards cannabis use and use intention in Australia during 2016 and 2019

IntroductionWith recent policy changes around medicinal cannabis in Australia, there is concern about the influence of changing norms of cannabis use on adults who are actively parenting. MethodsThis repeated cross-sectional population study used National and Drug Strategy and Household Surveys to estimate the changes and correlates of cannabis-related attitudes (support of legalisation, approve of regular use, would try or use if legal) among Australian parents from 2016 to 2019. ResultsThe estimated proportion of parents who supported legalisation and approved regular cannabis use increased significantly. Parents who would try cannabis if it was legal grew from 5.9% (95 %CI: 5.2, 6.7) to 8.1% (95 %CI: 7.2, 9.0). Parents who said they would use cannabis more often increased from 1.6 (95 % CI: 1.2, 1.9) to 2.9 (95 %CI: 2.4, 3.4), an 81% jump in the three years.The strongest associations were observed between a very high level of psychological distress and regular smoking and drinking. For example, people with a very high level of psychological distress were 2.16 times (95 %CI: 1.42, 3.28) and 2.48 times (95 %CI: 1.61, 3.83) more likely to approve legalisation and regular cannabis use, respectively. Daily drinking was associated with higher odds of trying cannabis (OR = 1.66; CI: 1.25–2.20). Discussion and conclusionThe proportion of parents who would try or use cannabis more often represents a sizeable pool of potential new and frequent users. This highlights the need for education and intervention strategies for parents who use cannabis and care for young children. The associations between mental health and substance use suggest that more research is needed to understand the impact of legalisation on vulnerable groups.

Exploring the associations between serious psychological distress and the quantity or frequency of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among pregnant women in the United States

Serious Psychological Distress (SPD) and prenatal exposure to substances are associated with adverse outcomes for pregnant individuals and their developing offspring. This study aims to examine the relationship between SPD and quantity, or frequency of substance use among pregnant women in the United States (US). Descriptive and negative binomial regression analyses of the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were conducted among 3373 pregnant women (18 to 44 years old) to examine the association between SPD and (1) average number of cigarettes smoked in the past 30 days, (2) number of days of binge drinking in the past 30 days, and (3) number of days of cannabis use in the past 30 days. About 6% of the study population experienced SPD in the past 30 days. Compared to pregnant women who did not report SPD, pregnant women experiencing SPD showed greater rates in the number of cigarettes smoked during the past 30 days (IRR = 2.1, 95%CI = 1.1, 4.5), the number of days of binge drinking in the past 30 days (IRR = 5.1, 95%CI = 1.7, 15.4), and the number of days of cannabis use in the past 30 days (IRR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.3, 6.5). Our results extend findings from prior research by documenting an association between SPD and the quantity and frequency of substance use among pregnant women in the US. Individual and structural interventions addressing SPD and/or substance might help reduce the impact of these comorbid conditions on expectant parents and their offspring.

Doctors’ perception of red wine consumption and cardiovascular health

IntroductionThe consumption of red wine has historically been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk, with sometimes controversial scientific evidence. MethodA survey was carried out via whatsapp dated 09/01/22 to a cohort of doctors from the province of Malaga, asking about possible healthy red wine consumption habits, differentiating: never, 3–4 glasses per week, 5–6 weekly drinks and 1 daily drink. Results184 physicians answered, with a mean age of 35 years±11.1, of which 84 (45.6%) were women, distributed in different specialties, the majority being Internal Medicine with 52 (28.2%). The most frequently chosen option was D (59.2%), followed by A (21.2%), C (14.7%) and B (5%). ConclusionsMore than half of the doctors surveyed recommended zero consumption, and only 20% indicated that a daily drink could be healthy in non-drinkers.

Risk profiles of adults with heavy alcohol use: Drinking patterns, behavioral and metabolic factors, health problems, and racial and ethnic disparities.

Heavy alcohol use is a growing risk factor for chronic disease, yet little is known about its co-occurrence with other risk factors and health problems. This study aimed to identify risk profiles of adults with heavy alcohol use and examined potential disparities by race and ethnicity. This cross-sectional study included 211,333 adults with heavy alcohol use (in excess of daily or weekly limits recommended by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) between June 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Latent class analysis was used to examine how heavy drinking patterns clustered with other behavioral and metabolic risk factors and health problems to form risk profiles. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit to examine associations between race, ethnicity, and risk profiles. A 5-class model was selected as best fitting the data and representing clinically meaningful risk profiles: (1) "heavy daily drinking and lower health risks" (DAILY, 44.3%); (2) "substance use disorder and mental health disorder" (SUD/MH, 2.3%); (3) "heavy weekly drinking and lower health risks" (WEEKLY, 19.6%); (4) "heavy daily drinking and more health risks" (DAILY-R, 18.5%); (5) "heavy weekly drinking and more health risks" (WEEKLY-R, 15.3%). American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) and Black patients had higher odds than White patients of being in the SUD/MH, DAILY-R, and WEEKLY-R profiles than the DAILY profile. AIAN, Black, and Latino/Hispanic patients had higher odds than White patients of being in the SUD/MH, DAILY-R, and WEEKLY-R profiles rather than the WEEKLY profile. AIAN, Black, and Latino/Hispanic patients with self-reported heavy drinking were more likely to be in risk profiles with greater alcohol consumption, more health risks, and higher morbidity. Targeted, culturally appropriate interventions for heavy alcohol use that may address other modifiable risk factors are needed to work towards health equity.

Efficacy of a school-based education intervention on the consumption of fruits, vegetables and carbonated soft drinks among adolescents.

To evaluate the efficacy of a school-based education intervention on the consumption of fruit, vegetables and carbonated soft drinks among adolescents. Cluster-randomised controlled trial. Eight secondary schools from Dhaka, Bangladesh, participated in this trial and were randomly allocated to intervention (n 160) and control groups (n 160). A total of 320 students from 8th to 9th grades participated and completed the self-reported questionnaires at baseline, and at 8 and 12 weeks. The intervention included weekly classroom-based nutrition education sessions for students and healthy eating materials for students and parents. Repeated measures ANCOVA was used to assess the effects of the intervention. Daily fresh fruit intake was more frequent in the intervention (26 %) compared to the control group (3 %) at 12 weeks (p = 0·006). Participants from the intervention group also reported a significantly (P < 0·001) higher (49 %) proportion of fresh vegetable intake compared to the control group (2 %) at 12 weeks. Frequency of daily carbonated soft drinks intake decreased (25 %) in the intervention group at 12 weeks compared to baseline, while it remained unchanged in the control group; the interaction effect was observed significant (P = 0·002). Our school-based education intervention increased the daily frequency of fresh vegetables and fruit intake and decreased carbonated soft drink consumption among adolescents in the intervention group. There is a need for scaling up the intervention to engage students and empower them to develop healthy dietary habits.

Association Between Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Glaucoma in Japan.

In this case-control study of the Japanese population, including 3207 glaucoma cases, alcohol consumption patterns such as frequency and quantity showed a positive association with glaucoma prevalence. To examine the association between alcohol consumption patterns and glaucoma. This case-control study evaluated 3207 cases with glaucoma and 3207 matched controls. Patients over 40 years of age were included from 1,693,611 patients admitted to 34 hospitals in Japan. Detailed alcohol consumption patterns (drinking frequency, average daily drinks, and total lifetime drinks) were obtained, as well as various confounding factors, including smoking history and lifestyle-related comorbidities. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for glaucoma prevalence. Drinking frequency showed an association with glaucoma for "a few days/week" (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.38) and "almost every day/week" (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.66). Average daily drinks showed an association for ">0-2 drinks/day" (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.32). Total lifetime drinks showed an association for ">60-90 drink-year" (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01-1.49) and ">90 drink-year" (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05-1.44). As alcohol consumption levels differed considerably between men and women, additional analyses were conducted separately for men and women. Among men, drinking frequency of "a few days/week" and "almost every day/week," average daily drinks of ">0-2 drinks/day" and ">2-4 drinks/day," and total lifetime drinks of ">60-90 drink-year" and ">90 drink-year" had an association with glaucoma. Conversely, among women, neither drinking frequency, average daily drinks, nor total lifetime drinks were associated. Both the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption were associated with glaucoma. Further research on gender differences is warranted.

Deuterium Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deuterated Water-Induced 2H-Tissue Labeling Allows Monitoring Cancer Treatment at Clinical Field Strength.

An accurate and noninvasive assessment of tumor response following treatment other than traditional anatomical imaging techniques is essential. Deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) imaging has been demonstrated as an alternative for cancer metabolic imaging by high-field MRI using deuterium-labeled molecules. The study aim was to use 2H tissue labeling and deuterium MRI at clinical field strength for tumor visualization and assessment of three anticancer therapies in pancreatic cancer model mice. MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic carcinoma and C26 colorectal carcinoma models of BALB/c-nu mice was prepared, and repeated deuterium MRI was performed during the first 10 days of free drinking of 30% D2O to track 2H distribution in tissues. 2H accumulation in the tumor after irradiation, bevacizumab administration, or gemcitabine administration was also measured in MIA PaCa-2-bearing mice. Confirmatory proton MRI, ex vivo metabolic hyperpolarization 13C-MRS, and histopathology were performed. The mouse's whole-body distribution of 2H was visible 1 day after drinking, and the signal intensity increased daily. Although the tumor size did not change 1 and 3 days after irradiation, the amount of 2H decreased significantly. The 2H image intensity of the tumor also significantly decreased after the administration of bevacizumab or gemcitabine. Metabolic hyperpolarization 13C-MRS, proton MRI, and 2H-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the efficacy of the anticancer treatments. Deuterium MRI at 1.5T proved feasible to track 2H distribution throughout mouse tissues during D2O administration and revealed a higher 2H accumulation in the tumor xenografts. This research demonstrated a promising successful method for preliminary assessment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cancer.

Patterns of drinking behavior around a treatment episode for alcohol use disorder: Predictions from pre-treatment measures.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been described as a chronic disease given the high rates that affected individuals have in returning to drinking after a change attempt. Many studies have characterized predictors of aggregated alcohol use (e.g., percent heavy drinking days) following treatment for AUD. However, to inform future research on predicting drinking as an AUD outcome measure, a better understanding is needed of the patterns of drinking that surround a treatment episode and which clinical measures predict patterns of drinking. We analyzed data from the Project MATCH and COMBINE studies (MATCH: n = 1726; 24.3% female, 20.0% non-White; COMBINE: n = 1383; 30.9% female, 23.2% non-White). Daily drinking was measured in the 90 days prior to treatment, 90 days (MATCH) and 120 days (COMBINE) during treatment, and 365 days following treatment. Gradient boosting machine learning methods were used to explore baseline predictors of drinking patterns. Drinking patterns during a prior time period were the most consistent predictors of future drinking patterns. Social network drinking, AUD severity, mental health symptoms, and constructs based on the addiction cycle (incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function) were associated with patterns of drinking prior to treatment. Addiction cycle constructs, AUD severity, purpose in life, social network, legal history, craving, and motivation were associated with drinking during the treatment period and following treatment. There is heterogeneity in drinking patterns around an AUD treatment episode. This study provides novel information about variables that may be important to measure to improve the prediction of drinking patterns during and following treatment. Future research should consider which patterns of drinking they aim to predict and which period of drinking is most important to predict. The current findings could guide the selection of predictor variables and generate hypotheses for those predictors.

Microplastics and phthalate esters release from teabags into tea drink: occurrence, human exposure, and health risks.

Tea, the most common infusion worldwide, is usually sold in teabags due to the ease of usage. The increase in the use of plastic materials in the food packaging industry has led to an increase in released contaminants, such as microplastics (MPs) and phthalates (PAEs), in various food products including teabags. In this research, the abundance and features of MPs as well as PAEs concentration were investigated in 45 teabag samples of different Persian and German brands. The abundance of MPs in the Persian and German teabag samples was averagely 412.32 and 147.28 items/single teabag, respectively. Also, average PAEs levels in the Persian and German teabag samples were 2.87 and 2.37 mg/g, respectively. The predominant size category of MPs was related to 100-250 μm. Fibers and transparent were the dominant shape and color of detected MPs in teabags, respectively. Polyethylene (PE) and nylon were the most common MP polymer types. The most prominent PAEs congeners in teabag samples were diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP). Furthermore, MP exposure hazard through tea ingestion was analyzed for children and adults. DEHP showed the cancer risk (CR) for children and adults. The findings of this research indicated that high MPs and PAEs levels are released from teabags into tea drinks. Considering a daily drinking of a volume of 150 and 250 mL tea by children and adults, 486 and 810 MPs may enter their bodies, respectively. Thus, tea prepared with teabag-packed herbs may pose a significant health risk for consumers.

Effects of hydrolyzed collagen alone or in combination with fish oil on the gut microbiome in patients with major burns

Burns are associated with gut dysbiosis. Collagen peptides and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are suggested to improve wound healing and the inflammatory response. These are also correlated with microbiome colonization. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrolyzed collagen alone or in combination with fish oil on specific species of the gut microbiome in patients with major burns. In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 57 adults (aged 18–60 years) with 20–45% total body surface area burns were randomised into three groups to receive either 40 gr hydrolyzed collagen +10 ml sunflower oil, 40 g hydrolyzed collagen +10 ml fish oil or placebo, divided into two daily drinks, for two weeks. Gut bacteria were measured using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. The mean concentration of Bifidobacterium was significantly reduced in the control (P = 0.002) and collagen (P = 0.005) groups compared with the baseline values, whereas no significant change was observed in the collagen omega-3 group. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio decreased significantly in the collagen group (p = 0.002) after supplementation compared to baseline . No significant changes in concentration of Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, and F.prausnitzii were observed between or within the study groups. Two weeks of supplementation with collagen and omega-3 FAs in patients with major burns did not result in a significant difference in the concentration of bacteria measured between the study groups. However, the addition of omega-3 FAs prevented a significant reduction in gut Bifidobacterium. Future studies are suggested to investigate the potential efficacy of these nutrients in improving the gut microbiota and clinical outcomes in major burns. Registration numberIRCT20131125015536N9

Influence of social rank on the development of long-term ethanol drinking trajectories in cynomolgus monkeys.

Chronic stress contribute to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, characterizing the role of chronic social stressors in the development of problematic drinking trajectories in humans is complicated by practical and ethical constraints. Group-housed nonhuman primates develop social dominance hierarchies that represent a continuum of social experiences from enrichment in higher-ranked (dominant) monkeys to chronic social stress in lower-ranked (subordinate) individuals. This framework provides a translationally relevant model of chronic social stress that can be used to characterize its effects on vulnerability to AUD. Twelve male cynomolgus monkeys living in three social groups with established social dominance hierarchies were provided access to ethanol and water for 22 h/day, 4-5 days/week, for 1 year. Ethanol-free periods (2- or 3-day "weekends" or longer periods up to 10 days) were spent in social groups to maintain the stability of the social hierarchies. Observational studies conducted 6 months into the year of drinking assessed signs of ethanol withdrawal. After 1 year, monkeys were individually housed 24 h/day, 7 days/week for four consecutive weeks to examine the effect of eliminating the "weekends" spent socially housed. Subordinate monkeys had significantly higher mean daily ethanol intakes than dominant monkeys across 1 year of open access. Subordinates also had higher intakes on the first day back drinking following ethanol-free periods of 9-10 days. Moreover, during the last 4 weeks of open access, intakes on the first drinking day after an ethanol-free weekend increased significantly in subordinate monkeys. This effect diminished when all monkeys were individually housed for 4 weeks, indicating that the increased intake in subordinates was driven by the social environment. These data demonstrate that social subordination, which is associated with chronic social stress, results in increased vulnerability to the development and maintenance of heavy drinking trajectories.

Construction of Reinforced Self-Cleaning and Efficient Photothermal PDMS@GDY@Cu Sponges toward Anticorrosion and Antibacterial Applications.

Copper (Cu)-based materials are widely used in many fields from industry to life, including marine, medical apparatus and instruments, and microelectronic devices owing to their superior thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. However, the interaction of copper with aggressive and fouling liquids under normal circumstances easily brings about severe bacterial accumulation, resulting in undesirable functionality degeneration and bacterial infections. In this contribution, we reported a novel copper-based sponge, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)@graphdiyne (GDY)@Cu, constructed by in situ synthesis of GDY on a commercial Cu sponge, followed by the modification of PDMS. The as-fabricated PDMS@GDY@Cu sponge not only possesses excellent self-cleaning activity against the pollution of daily drinks and dirt due to an improved static contact angle (~136°), but also display a remarkably enhanced anticorrosion performance, attributed to intimate coverage of chemically stable GDY and PDMS on the Cu sponge. Based on high photothermal effect of GDY, the PDMS@GDY@Cu sponge also displays significantly improved antibacterial activities under irradiation. In addition, due to excellent chemical stability of PDMS and GDY, self-cleaning behavior and photothermal-assisted antibacterial performance are well maintained after long-term attack of bacteria. These results demonstrate that GDY-based functional coatings hold great promises in the protection of copper devices under harsh conditions.