Abstract This article explores the impact of the legal category of ‘protected philosophical belief’ on one of the most contested political issues today: the line between legitimate criticism of Israel and antisemitism. It focuses on the Employment Tribunal of David Miller, a sociology professor who in 2024 won a discrimination claim against Bristol University after being dismissed for contending that the university’s Jewish Student Society was a ‘political pawn’ of Israel. The article traces the genealogy of ‘protected belief’ in English law, arguing that the peculiar way Miller was required to present his views as a ‘belief’ to qualify for protection inadvertently revealed their ‘pre-judicial’ presuppositions. Paradoxically, the article argues, the more Miller’s ‘anti-Zionism’ is understood as a ‘belief’, the less it can be distinguished from antisemitism. The article then explores the legal relation between ‘belief’ and ‘manifestation’. It suggests that the university’s acceptance of Miller’s minimalist account of his core belief, and the separation of his statements into ‘active’ and ‘passive’ elements, hindered its case from the outset. Pushing for a comprehensive account of Miller’s full views would have hindered his claim for protection, making it much easier to demonstrate the proximity of his broader worldview to forms of antisemitic belief previously ruled unworthy of legal protection.

Poverty, a multidimensional deprivation in well-being, remains a pervasive global issue affecting both developed and developing nations. David Miller’s work on National Responsibility and Global Justice introduces the theory of remedial responsibility, emphasizing our duty to relieve suffering when capable. Central to Miller’s approach is the connection theory, which identifies six equally weighted factors linking nations to those in need. This study interrogates Miller’s framework and submits that capacity- a nation’s ability to act- plays a determinative role in the consideration of remedial responsibility. The research argues that Global Remedial Contract Theory (GRCT) addresses inherent shortcomings in Miller’s framework. The theory merges global justice theory and social contract theory to develop a broader social contract defined by capacity, consent, reciprocity, and obligation. The study proposes a robust and holistic conceptual framework for addressing global poverty, particularly in the global South, grounded in normative philosophical reasoning and the synthesis of major traditions in political thought. Rather than providing empirical analysis, this paper offers a theoretical model that enriches discourse in global justice and informs policy imagination. It further lays the groundwork for future interdisciplinary studies on institutional responsibility and ethical redistribution.

This article is a translation of a publication by Hans Albert, formerly Professor of Sociology and Philosophy of Science at the University of Mannheim and the author of numerous works and publications on critical rationalism. In 2006, a three-volume edition titled “Karl Popper: A Centenary Assessment” was published under the editorship of Ian Jarvie, Karl Milford, and David Miller. Professor Hans Albert was entrusted with the honorary task to write the introduction for the first volume. You have the opportunity to familiarize yourself with the first Ukrainian translation of this article.

Abstract Opposition to inequality is sometimes expressed in terms of desert: The poor deserve more than they get and/or the rich deserve less. This paper provides an analysis and defense of such claims. The central idea is that economic rewards in market economies are prizes, and as such, they are deserved to the extent that the complex message they send is fitting. Making good on this idea involves generating a general account of what prizes are: Prizes are public signals that praise a complex set of objects, including the victor's success, their skill, and the victor themselves. Next, I use this account to argue that economic goods gained through employment constitute prizes for winning a position in a competitive job market. And finally, I develop a general account of what deserving a prize consists in, which can be used to criticize economic rewards as being out of line with desert: Prizes are deserved if, and to the degree that, the signal they send is fitting. Along the way, I also show why arguments made by T. M. Scanlon, Michael Walzer, and David Miller do not suffice to undermine the central idea. Theoretically, the paper aspires to add to our understanding of prizes, their desert, and their relevance to distributive justice. More practically, this account can help explain—and partially validate—the indignation that is sometimes felt by those who have not fared well in economic competitions.

Relevance. The author analyses the history of formation and essence of the concept of territorial rights in modern Western historiography with a view to assessing the potential prospects for its further application in the course of research of territoriality issues in historical and legal processes and historical and legal reality of Ukraine during different historical epochs and periods. Literature review on the topic of the study. The author examines the works of wellknown modern Western theorists of territorial rights, in particular, Professors A. J. Simmons, David Miller, Anna Stilz, Lea Ypi, Bas Van der Vossen and others. Objective. To research the history of formation and analyze the essence of the concept of territorial rights in Western historiography with a view to its expediency in historical and legal studies of the problems of Ukraine’s territoriality. Problem statement. There are certain differences in understanding the content of territorial rights, considering attitudes to the following issues: correlation of territorial rights and the principle of territoriality of the state, as well as the question of who is the primary holder of territorial rights and, accordingly, the subject of their realization — the people who inhabit this land, or the state that rules on their behalf, acting as a representative of the people and acting on their behalf in the realization of territorial rights? Presentation of the main material. The answers to these questions, in fact, largely determine the commitment to one of the following theories. The first group of theories are the acquisition theories, also known as Lockean theories, based on the idea that states acquire territorial rights through individual acts of private property submission by their subjects. The second group are statist theories, the main idea of which is that the state is the main subject of territorial rights, which is justified by its legitimate role in ensuring order, security and justice. The third group contains national and group theories of territorial rights, which are based on the strong belief that territorial rights belong to peoples, nations or cultural groups that have a historical connection and identity associated with a particular territory. The fourth group is performed by the justice-based (Kantian) theories mainly, which have their roots in Kantian philosophy and believe that territorial rights are necessary for the realization of justice and protection of individual rights within the legal framework, focusing on justice, legitimacy and moral necessity of state power over the territory. And the last, fifth group includes the permissive and hybrid theories, which combine elements of the above theories, focusing on the admissibility of territorial claims under certain conditions. Conclusions. The author considers the concept of territorial rights to be promising for researching the problems of territoriality in the historical and legal reality of Ukraine in different historical epochs and periods. The author is also convinced that in the context of historical and legal research of legal problems of Ukrainian territoriality, different approaches may correspond to different historical periods, respectively, together with different subjects, content and grounds for the legitimacy of the acquisition of territorial rights. Key words: territorial rights, legitimacy, state, people, territorial sovereignty

Romanist historians have consistently argued that Justinian’s revision to the agnatic line of succession in Novel 118 signifies an increased recognition of the blood principle. This paper takes a corrective approach to the place of blood in late Roman inheritance patterns and argues that the exchange of agnatic for general blood principle was not a policy change insofar that the imperial state had always dealt with a kind of blood. Thus, the change in succession law from agnatic line to general blood line should be viewed as a development within the principle of blood. Within this paper, ‘blood’ and ‘blood relationship’ refer to those in kinship, for example, mothers, fathers, children and so on. I will use this definition to explain how blood connections were endowed with proprietorial value through the imperial state’s developments in inheritance law. Power refers to imperial state’s ability to influence family hierarchy and Empire. Thus, the concept of blood was malleable because it’s cultural value and it legal value could be altered through imperial power. The approach of this paper is guided by David Miller and Peter Sarris’ annotated translations of Justinian’s Novels which treats the sources as self-conscious literary constructions. The analysis emphasises how juristic science itself functioned as part of imperial power. Ultimately, this paper argues that Justinian's Novel 158 exemplifies how the imperial state manipulated legal definitions of 'blood' to consolidate its control over family structures and inheritance.

Anti-Zionism as 'Protected Belief': The case of David Miller

The global affluent are contributing to and benefiting from the systemic cause of economic misery and ecological unsustainability. Some philosophers have invoked this relational point to discuss the responsibility of the affluent because by doing so, they assume, one can formulate a more compelling argument than non-relational arguments. This paper supports this relational strand by drawing upon David Miller’s theory of ‘remedial responsibility.’ Although Miller himself seems to deny the said relational point, this paper shall defend it based upon critical economic studies. The first section summarises Miller’s non-relational argument. The second section assesses it, and in the process develops what can be described as a ‘relational remedial theory of global justice.’ The third section discusses a few significant problems that this theory would encounter. Specifically, it argues that the establishment of a ‘cosmopolitan democracy,’ which would facilitate dialogues among global citizens, may serve to overcome those problems.

Nationalism studies examine political and cultural nationalism as fundamental frameworks for understanding nation-building and identity formation. Political nationalism emphasizes the importance of sovereignty, self-determination and governance structures that support these principles. In contrast, cultural nationalism focuses on preserving and promoting shared heritage, language and traditions that define a community’s distinctive identity. Liberal nationalism, on the other hand, seeks to balance collective identity with the protection of individual rights and freedoms and seeks to harmonize these elements in a democratic context. Leading thinkers such as Yael Tamir, David Miller and Will Kymlicka have engaged in rigorous debates about the merits and challenges of liberal nationalism. These thinkers address the complexities and tensions that arise in different and pluralistic contexts regarding liberal nationalism and explore its potential to promote inclusive and harmonious societies. One critical debate focuses on the applicability of liberal nationalism, particularly in societies with significant ethnic, cultural and religious diversity. This article aims to fill an important gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of liberal nationalism. It compares this ideology with other forms of nationalism, such as ethnic and civic nationalism, providing a nuanced understanding of its distinct features and potential benefits. The article also assesses the applicability of liberal nationalism through literature reviews. By examining the theoretical foundations and practical implications of liberal nationalism, this study offers a perspective on its role in contemporary democracies. It highlights how liberal nationalism can be a viable framework for nation-building that respects collective identity and individual rights and offers a balanced approach to governance in increasingly diverse societies.

This new, paperback edition of Solved by David Miller is a re-issue of the original published in 2020, with an additional chapter updating the reader on the urgency for cities to contribute to tackling climate change. Miller’s argument rests, essentially, on the theory of incremental gains. That is, when multiple small improvements are made in an iterative manner, big outcomes are the result. Simply put, it comes down to: Get on with what you can now and don’t wait for an all-encompassing solution that everyone agrees with. The planet is burning. Demonstrating that we can all play our part is the compelling argument of the book.

Abstract Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) causes cognitive deficits in pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS). Cognitive deficits have traditionally been measured using exams such as serial IQ tests administered after diagnosis. Scholastic data captures a student’s academic achievement before, during, and after their cancer diagnosis and treatment and is practical for patients and families. Poor educational performance is associated with worse health, higher risk of incarceration, and a higher risk of experiencing future poverty, and educational achievement disparities burdening Black and Hispanic American public school students are well documented. We sought to evaluate the association between dose to brain organs at risk (OARs) historically associated with cognitive decrement and scholastic achievement in PBTS pre- and post-RT.Materials/Methods: With Institutional Review Board approval, we retrospectively analyzed scholastic achievement in PBTS treated with RT at our institution for this pilot. Eligible PBTS all resided within the state of the institution and were treated from 2007-2021. The state’s Department of Education provided scholastic data for grade promotion, transcripts, accommodations, and state-mandated assessments of mathematics and reading in grades 3-11, which were merged with institutional clinical data. Dependent variables of interest were accommodations, grade promotion, and satisfactory performance on state mandated exams. A general linear mixed-effects model assessed the above scholastic dependent variables from the pre- and post-treatment phase and the independent variables of mean OAR dose to the hippocampus (H), corpus callosum (CC), and frontal lobe (FL), volume receiving X Gy dose to an OAR in 5 Gy increments (e.g., V5, V10) to V40 , and an interaction term of the independent variable and time (pre or post-radiotherapy) was the variable of interest, with α=0.1.Results: Fifty PBTS were included in the sample with a median age of 11.6 years at treatment and 7 years of follow-up. Overall, 52% were eligible for free or reduced lunch, and 56% received craniospinal irradiation. V5, V10, V15, and V20 to H. and FL were associated with math performance, and V25, V30, V35, and V40 to FL were associated with reading performance. For each of these models, the estimated change in scholastic outcome was calculated for post-treatment and a 1% increase in volume receiving the dose, all of which showed a decrease in scholastic outcome. There was no dosimetric association between dose and scholastic performance for CC. Conclusions: We present the first report evaluating associations between dosimetry and scholastic performance. Our work identifies an association between H. dose and reading performance and FL dose and math and reading performance on mandated annual state exams. Evaluating scholastic success is an unmet need for PBTS. We demonstrate a novel method using scholastic performance data as a patient-centered metric, leveraging prospectively collected scholastic outcomes already recorded by states. Citation Format: Raymond B. Mailhot Vega, Daniel J. Indelicato, Julie A. Bradley, Erin M. Mobley, Christopher G. Morris, Carla L. Fisher, Adeel Markatia, Yousef Ramahi, Nancy P. Mendenhall, Amy M. Crisp, M. David Miller. Dosimetric association between critical brain structure dose and scholastic achievement in pediatric brain tumor survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2024 Sep 5-8; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(17 Suppl):Abstract nr B044.

The 2022 meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory (GDAT) Social Anthropology, University of Manchester. The motion is, of course, a riff on Audre Lorde’s well-known 1984 claim that ‘the master’s tools will never dismantle the master’s house. They may allow us temporarily to beat him at his own game, but they will never enable us to bring about genuine change.’ Lorde is asking about the tools of a racist and constitutionally exclusionary world, but we can ask similar questions about the tools of an academic discipline, anthropology, which arose during the height of empire, and the house that anthropology has built and its location in the university. Are anthropology's tools able to dismantle a house built on oppression, exploitation and discrimination and then build a different better house? If not, then what kinds of other tools might we use, and what is it that we might want to build? The motion is proposed by David Mills and Mwenda Ntarangwi and opposed by Kelly Gillespie and Naisargi Davé with Soumhya Venkatesan convening and editing the debate for publication.

V07-04 VASOEPIDIDYMOSTOMY WITH PLACEMENT OF NOVEL EPIDIDYMAL OCCLUSION STITCH

Abstract Traditional antibody-drug conjugates leverage the specificity of antibodies to deliver cytotoxic payloads to tumor microenvironments (TMEs), thereby reducing systemic toxicities associated with non-targeted chemotherapeutics. Analogously, a novel class of immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs) has recently emerged to selectively deliver synthetic immune agonists to the TME without systemic immune activation. The first generation of ISACs and the majority of approved and investigational ADCs contain payloads linked to native lysine or cysteine residues, which can lead to heterogenous drug-antibody ratios (DARs), reduced antibody stability, and labile conjugation, all of which limit therapeutic index. Here we describe the generation and preclinical characterization of ARX622, a site-specific TLR7-selective agonist ISAC targeting HER2. To avoid the instability issues of previous generation ADCs and ISACs, ARX622 has a homogenous and stable DAR via oxime bond-mediated payload conjugation to a synthetic amino acid, para-acetyl phenylalanine (pAF), which is recombinantly incorporated at defined heavy chain positions. Similar to cytotoxic ADCs built on this site-specific conjugation platform, ARX622 ISAC and total mAb pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in non-human primates (NHPs) are indistinguishable, demonstrating in vivo stability and minimal payload deconjugation. Accordingly, ARX622 displays an extended PK profile in mice compared to a DAR-matched random cysteine ISAC containing the same antibody and payload. In the presence of HER2-expressing cells, ARX622 selectively induces proinflammatory cytokine production, type I and III IFN secretion, and APC maturation. In a syngeneic tumor model, ARX622 promotes complete tumor regressions, immunologic memory, and epitope spreading. In xenograft systems, single doses of ARX622 induce complete regression of large, established tumors (>1000mm3), and robustly inhibit tumor growth in mice that have progressed through prior treatment with HER2-targeted mAbs or ADCs. In HER2-low xenografts, ARX622 monotherapy inhibits tumor growth, and promotes complete regression of late-stage (800mm3) tumors when sequentially combined with a HER2-ADC. Based on PK data at efficacious doses in mice and tolerated exposures in NHP toxicity studies, ARX622 has an estimated therapeutic index of ~60x. Taken together, ARX622’s mAb-like properties, high stability, broad immune mechanism induction, strong anti-tumor activity alone or in combination with ADCs, and wide therapeutic index make it a strong candidate for further development toward treating patients with a variety of HER2-expressing solid tumors. Citation Format: David Mills, Ji Young Kim, Erica Wood, Keith Tatsukawa, Nick Knudsen, Jay Nelson, Lillian Skidmore, Kedar GC, Hon Tran, Manoj Pal, Hamidreza Hashemi, Ying Buechler, Shawn Zhang, Dan O'Connor. Preclinical discovery of ARX622: A site-specific, TLR7 agonist, HER2-targeted immune-stimulatory antibody drug conjugate for treatment of multiple solid tumor types [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6352.

Recounts the career and contributions of David L. Mills.

In recent years an increasing number of political philosophers have begun to ground their arguments in empirical evidence. I investigate this novel approach by way of example. The object of my case study is David Miller’s renewed empirical argument for a needs-based principle of justice. First, I introduce Miller’s argument. Then I raise four worries about the application of his methodology that give rise to corresponding general recommendations for how to do empirical political philosophy. Proponents of this approach should take care to (1) check for inappropriately narrow (and broad) samples, (2) verify studies’ relevance for their empirical hypotheses, (3) adjust their confidence to the available empirical evidence, and (4) properly integrate their hypotheses into their philosophical theorizing.

Abstract: Scholars intent on considering the American Revolution's relationship to and influence on systems of slavery must be sure to look outside of the United States. In mid-September 1783, the schooner Eagle , captained by David Miller, landed 104 enslaved Africans in Charleston. This is the first known U.S.-flagged transatlantic slave voyage arriving in the United States after independence. Before bringing these captives from Africa, Miller had conducted a previous voyage on the Eagle , which landed fifty other captives in Havana in May 1783. The latter group of enslaved men, women, and children, whom Miller brought from the Danish colony of Saint Thomas in the eastern Caribbean, were some of the nearly 14,500 captives we have found who were shipped to Havana, mainly from other Caribbean ports, by merchants based in Cuba, the Danish West Indies, and the United States from 1781 to 1785. Examining the actions of U.S. slave traders in Cuba during the American Revolution also opens up the chance to dramatically increase our understanding of the broader traffic in enslaved people to the island during this period, emphasizing the merchant networks connecting Saint Thomas, Saint Domingue, and Charleston with Havana.

David Miller, Langsdorff and the Battle of the River Plate by Robert Dienesch

Abstract Whilst the advent of Immune Checkpoint Blockade has revolutionized the management of cancer, a significant proportion of patients have limited or absent response to these therapies. A key cause of this immune insensitivity is the hostile solid tumor microenvironment (TME) dominated by immunosuppressive myeloid cells. We previously identified the acid sensing G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR65, as a primary determinant of these suppressive cells. In mice, genetic deletion of Gpr65 or oral administration of small molecule GPR65 inhibitors in vivo causes a profound repolarization of immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages, an increase in infiltrating effector cells and potent anti tumor effects in syngeneic models. In TCGA data, across all tumors, patients homozygous for a hypomorphic coding variant in GPR65 (I231L) show increased overall survival, providing compelling genetic evidence of the clinical potential of GPR65 inhibition. To further explore the translational potential of GPR65 we employed a range of techniques to define the human biology of this receptor in different contexts. At the mechanistic level, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of human PBMCs obtained from healthy donors demonstrated a pronounced effect of low pH on the myeloid compartment, with a clear polarization of these cells toward an immunosuppressive character and modulation of GPR65 expression. In parallel, pharmacological inhibition of GPR65 in human monocyte derived macrophages exposed to low pH demonstrated that equivalent gene expression changes are primarily due to GPR65 activation. To examine the relevance of these findings to the intact acidic human TME, we performed studies in fresh primary human tumor histocultures from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients with immunohistochemically confirmed high macrophage infiltration and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) expression. In these cultures, GPR65 inhibition caused a dose dependent suppression of a geneset closely overlapping with that modulated by GPR65 in primary macrophages. Furthermore, we observed a marked decrease in immune suppressive IL10 secretion with coincident elevation of specific proinflammatory chemokines. Consistent with these findings, in vivo administration of a small molecule GPR65 inhibitor elicited similar changes in human CA9 expressing RCC PDX tumors implanted in myeloid boosted CD34+ stem cell engrafted NCG mice. In summary, inhibition of GPR65 provides a unique and genetically validated approach to favorably modify the immunosupressive TME with features highly conserved between mouse and human contexts. We propose that GPR65 inhibition holds significant clinical promise, with specific evidence around ccRCC as a potential standout indication. Citation Format: Barbara Cipriani, Alastair Corbin, David Miller, Alan Naylor, Faraz Khan, Gavin Milne, Barbara Young, Rupert Satchell, Sourav Sarkar, Mussa Quareshy, Anastasia Nika, Preeti Singh, Gavin Knox, Darryl Turner, Satish Sankaran, Nandini Pal Basak, Toszka Bohn, Tobia Bopp, Surya Koturan, Bo Sun, Benjamin Fairfax, Tom McCarthy, Stuart Hughes. The translational biology of small molecule GPR65 inhibitors: shared effects between mouse models and human primary tumors highlight the unique transformative potential of targeting a genetically validated innate immune checkpoint [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 668.

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer death, among men in the United States. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an advanced stage of disease in which patients ultimately fail androgen-deprivation therapies and exhibit a poor survival rate. Recently, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been validated as a prostate cancer tumor antigen with its over-expression in prostate tumors and low level of expression in select normal tissues. Using an expanded genetic code to create Engineered Precision Biologics (EPBs), Ambrx has developed ARX517, an anti-PSMA targeted next-generation antibody drug conjugate (ADC), for treatment of mCRPC patients. ARX517 is composed of a humanized anti-PSMA antibody site-specifically conjugated to drug linker AS269 (a potent tubulin inhibitor), yielding a drug-to-antibody ratio of 2. After binding to PSMA expressed on the surface of tumor cells, ARX517 is internalized and delivers a cytotoxic payload which inhibits tubulin polymerization and induces cellular apoptosis. In vitro testing of ARX517 in prostate cancer cell lines with variable PSMA expression demonstrated highly specific and potent sub-nanomolar activity in cells with high PSMA expression. To minimize premature payload release, ARX517 employs a non-cleavable PEG linker and stable oxime conjugation chemistry to enhance stability in circulation. ARX517 exhibited a long terminal half-life and high serum exposure in mice. The serum stability of ARX517 should effectively deliver more payload to target tumor cells, and in multiple CDX and PDX prostate cancer models, ARX517 showed dose-dependent anti-tumor activity in both enzalutamide-sensitive and enzalutamide-resistant models. Repeat dose toxicokinetic studies in non-human primates demonstrated ARX517 was tolerated at exposures well above therapeutic exposures in mouse pharmacology studies, indicating a wide therapeutic index. In summary, ARX517 elicited highly specific, potent cell killing in cell lines with high PSMA expression, inhibited tumor growth in enzalutamide-sensitive and enzalutamide-resistant CDX and PDX models, demonstrated a tolerable safety profile in cynomolgus monkeys, and has a clear therapeutic index based on preclinical serum exposure data. The strong preclinical data and recent clinical validation of PSMA as a mCRPC target provide rationale for evaluation of ARX517 as a potential prostate cancer treatment. ARX517 is currently in a Phase 1 dose escalation trial (ARX517-2011 [NCT04662580]) in the United States. Citation Format: Lillian Skidmore, David Mills, Ji Young Kim, Prathap Shastri, Nick A. Knudsen, Jeff Steen, Jay Nelson, Ying Buechler, Feng Tian, Shawn Zhang. Preclinical characterization of ARX517, a next-generation anti-PSMA antibody drug conjugate for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3997.