Data Triangulation Approach Research Articles

Analysis of the Development of Karyasari Village, Rengasdengklok District in Realizing the Sustainable Development Goals of the Village

One of the sustainable development functions that is a priority program for the alocation of Village Funds in 2021 is Village SDGs. This research aims to know how SDGs are implemented in the development of Karyasari village. The theory in this research is the theory of Fonseca and Carvalho, who argue that sustainability can only be achieved through fulfilling the three SDGs requirements, namely balanced development in the social, economic and environmental fields. A data triangulation approach was used in this qualitative research to obtain data by combining several existing sources and types of data. The research results show that Karyasari Village has implemented 16 of the 18 SDGs goals. Judging from the implementation of the SDGs, Karyasari village applies 5 economic dimensions, 5 social dimensions and 6 environmental dimensions. For several SDGs goals, Karyasari Village has reasons why SDGs No. 12 concerning environmentally conscious village consumption and production has not been implemented because Karyasari village does not have a final waste bin. The village remains consistent in implementing the SDGs that have been achieved and the SDGs that have not been achieved, namely No. 12 concerning Environmentally Conscious Village Consumption and Production. It would be better for the village to be able to build a good waste management system if necessary and collaborate with partners.

Analysis of Quantum Physics Lectures from the Perspective of the MBKM and OBE Based Higher Education Curriculum

Lecture analysis in the core courses of the study program contributes to the evaluation of the curriculum used. This field study was carried out to analyze Quantum Physics lectures from the perspective of a university curriculum based on Independent Learning Campus (MBKM) and Outcome-Based Education (OBE). Data collection techniques were carried out through observing the implementation of learning in the Quantum Physics course, interviews with lecturers teaching quantum physics courses, and reviewing curriculum tools in the form of curriculum books, semester lecture plans (RPS), and assessment documents. The instruments used refer to content standards, process standards and learning assessment standards listed in Permendikbud Number 3 of 2020, Permendikbudristek Number 56 of 2022, and Permendikbudristek Number 53 of 2023. The participants involved in this research were a lecturer and 29 students of the undergraduate physics education study program at one of the universities in Garut Regency. The lecturer in question is a lecturer who teaches quantum physics courses, while the students in question are final year students who are taking quantum physics courses in the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. Data collection was carried out over the period October – November 2024. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively using a data triangulation approach. The results of data analysis show that in the Bachelor of Physics Education curriculum, the Quantum Physics course is in the group of upper-level compulsory courses with physics concept study material. From an MBKM perspective, this course can be converted to Program Pertukaran Mahasiswa (PMM) and Program Magang dan Studi Independen Bersertifikat (MSIB), but cannot be converted to the Teaching Campus Program. Conversion to the PMM program is carried out by taking courses in other study programs that have course learning outcomes that are related to quantum physics. Conversions to the MSIB program are carried out at companies or agencies related to the application of quantum physics concepts. From an OBE perspective, this course contributes to graduate learning outcomes in Specific Skills and supports the graduate's profile as a Physics Teacher. The special skill in question is being able to apply mathematical models in explaining physical phenomena in learning.

High adherence to intermittent and continuous use of a contraceptive vaginal ring among women in a randomized controlled trial in Kigali, Rwanda.

The introduction of female-initiated drug-delivery methods, including vaginal rings, have proven to be a promising avenue to address sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies, which disproportionally affects women and girls in sub-Saharan Africa. Efficient uptake of existing and new technologies such as vaginal rings requires in depth understanding of product adherence. This remains a major challenge as data on adherence to vaginal rings from African countries is limited. In this study, we explored adherence of contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing®) use in Kigali, Rwanda using a mixed methods approach. We collected quantitative and qualitative data at multiple time points from women participating in a clinical trial exploring the safety and acceptability of either intermittent or continuous use of the NuvaRing®. Various adherence categories were used including monthly and cumulative adherence measurement. The quantitative data were analysed using R and the qualitative data were analysed using a deductive, content-analytical approach based on categories related to the quantitative adherence measures. All data were compared and triangulated. Data from 120 enrolled participants showed that self-reported adherence was high at every study visit in both study groups. At first study visit 80% of the intermittent ring users and 79.7% of the continuous ring users reported perfect adherence (assessed as "the ring was never out"). Reporting of ring expulsions and removals were highest (28.3%) at the beginning of the trial. Self-reported perfect ring adherence increased during the study and reports of ring expulsions and removals declined as familiarity with this contraceptive method increased. The percentage of women with perfect cumulative adherence was non-significantly higher in the intermittent (61.7%) than in the continuous use group (54.3%). The low rate of discrepant adherence data after triangulation (6%) is in line with the perception of the participants as adherent throughout the study. Self-reported adherence in both study groups was high with removals and expulsions being within the expected product range. Comprehensive adherence data triangulation allowed for a deeper understanding of context-driven behaviour that shaped adherence patterns and challenges. Our data categorisation and triangulation approach has shown potential for implementation in future vaginal ring studies aiming to better understand and measure adherence.

The audit revolution: Integrating artificial intelligence in detecting accounting fraud

This study aims to analyze the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in detecting accounting fraud in audits. The aim is to identify AI's efficiency, accuracy, and potential in detecting fraud and to explore the challenges and implications arising from using this technology in audit practice. This research is a type of qualitative research with a case study approach as the main focus and a literature study as a data triangulation approach. This research methodology will provide an in-depth understanding of the integration of artificial intelligence in detecting accounting fraud. The results show that AI improves efficiency and accuracy in detecting accounting fraud. AI techniques such as machine learning and natural language processing effectively identify fraud patterns. However, there are challenges, such as limitations of AI technology, ethical and data privacy issues, and barriers to accepting AI in the accounting industry. This research contributes to the accounting literature by highlighting how AI can change audit practices. It also offers guidance for accounting firms on utilizing AI to improve auditing and suggests directions for future research related to the development and integration of AI in accounting.

Toward more ethically oriented humanitarian logistics operations: An exploratory research

Ethical standards in humanitarian logistics have been frequently overlooked in the literature. This research aims to explore the interaction between logistics decisions and ethical standards implementation in the context of humanitarian relief operations. The paper adopts a data triangulation approach to collect and validate the primary and secondary data through a literature review, focus group, and interview. The results revealed that logistics decisions and processes affect the implementation of ethical standards. These decisions are physical distribution, facility location, procurement, outsourcing, deprivation cost analysis, visibility and information flow, supply chain collaboration, staff selection and training, types of relief items, staff security, and localization of logistics activities. This research can provide practitioners with insight into a complete set of ethical standards and inform their understanding of which factors affect their implementation. The novelty of this research comes from combining two disciplines, humanitarian logistics and social work, to compile a complementary list of ethical standards in humanitarian operations. It shows how logistics decisions can affect implementing ethical standards and hence achieving core values of social work.

Academic Leadership in Higher Education

Purpose: The effectiveness of our higher education system depends on effective and vibrant teachers with knowledge of Academics, Assessment and evaluation, Pedagogy, Research Culture, and Innovation in teaching & learning. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 specifies that the “most important factor in the success of higher education institutions is the quality and engagement of its faculty. The study focuses on the understanding of NEP and OBE amongst faculty members and academic leaders, the factors affecting teaching and learning in higher education, and the role of academic leadership in implementing outcome-based education in higher education. Approach: The study is based on the data collected from 53 academic leaders from 53 different B- schools. To have better results the study has collected data from different regions in India, covering East, West, North, and South. Data is collected through a data triangulation approach. For this purpose, structured questionnaires were used, telephonic interviews of the sample and Focus Group Discussions with members of the senior cadre were conducted. The study employed different methods of data collection, preliminary interviews, and focus group discussions to yield the parameters on which a structured questionnaire was prepared. After deciding on the constructs of the scale, indicator items were prepared. Statistical analysis is done to assess the awareness and application of NEP 2020 in Management Education. Results: The focus group discussion and primary interview with the academic leader helped to design the application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs to Employee Engagement in Higher Education. The faculty need to know the level of their performance and areas in which they need improvement. Performance improvement helps the organization to meet its goals and objectives. Performance counselling is a very important activity that helps employees to know themselves better. It has been observed that employee engagement increases with performance counselling. Hence the desired result of NEP implementation will be better with faculty training and counselling. The attributes of Academic Leadership for academic, administrative, and research & extension activities are identified, analyzed, and evaluated. A conceptual model with the required attributes and qualities for a Role model/Super academic leader is also described. Type of Paper: Exploratory and descriptive

Evaluation of Mastery of Pedagogic Competence of Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK)

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the mastery of PJOK teacher pedagogical competencies in the city of Padang. The research method used is qualitative research using the CIPP method. The sampling technique in this study was to use a total sampling technique involving 15 PJOK teachers at State Middle Schools in East Padang District. Data analysis techniques use qualitative research techniques with a data triangulation approach. The results of this study indicate that sports and health physical education teachers in terms of context have approached students so that it makes it easier for teachers to understand the characteristics of students. Evaluation of pedagogic competence in terms of the input that the teacher develops cognitive aspects as well as developing psychomotor aspects and affective aspects. a teacher must have a way to change the behavior of students in a better direction through an approach, providing motivation. Evaluation of teacher competence in terms of process, namely the teacher uses learning strategies depending on the situation and conditions then adapts to the media and demonstrates implementation, this is an obstacle due to the lack of teacher creativity in developing learning media so that the teacher only asks to model students who have talent in the field certain. The teacher also conducts midterm and final semester assessments and makes improvements in oral and written forms. In terms of product, many students have participated in championships at the city, provincial and even national levels. Students who take part in the championship even though they will be given extracurricular activities, they practice more outside, in other words, under the guidance of a club. Overall, the pedagodic competence of sports and health physical education teachers in Padang Timur District, Padang City, needs to be improved and improved in terms of context, input, process, and product.

Knowledge and Social Economy Model and Higher Education Institutions’ Ranking: A Grounded Theory Approach

Higher education institutions (HEIs) face crucial challenges due to education internationalization, complex ranking systems, and financial support . However, stakeholders (i.e., industry, alumni, and government) expect pragmatic results from those HEIs like research, innovation, entrepreneurship, employability, and social responsibility. To address this issue, this study investigates outcome-based factors and offers a framework for HEIs to overcome those challenges. To accomplish this goal, we relied on stakeholder and academic capitalism theories and used data triangulation approach (i.e., interviews, observation, and archival literature), Delphi method, and content validation index. We analyzed the data in NVivo software. The data revealed four aggregated dimensions: knowledge economy development, social economy development, entrepreneurship development, and education internationalization. The findings indicate a strong need for comparing HEIs to identify a holistic view of their direct contribution to HEIs in general and Oman in particular. The study’s findings may assist HE systems in other contexts in identifying strategies to meet some of the needs of their relevant stakeholders. The paper makes theoretical, practical, and policy contributions.

Optimization of Integrated Digital Marketing in The Marketing Strategy of MSME Culinary Tourism Centers (SWK) Wonorejo City of Surabaya

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are an important sector in driving the Indonesian economy. The development and improvement of the MSME sector is also important to continue to strive for, one of which is through optimizing marketing strategies that are adapted to current technological and information developments. This study aims to analyze digital marketing strategies at SWK Wonorejo, Surabaya City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data triangulation approach. As for data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that SWK Wonorejo combines segmentation analysis, targets and marketing mix design. In addition, an analysis of MSME sustainability and marketing implementation was carried out. MSME actors in SWK Wonorejo has marketed their products online through optimizing digital marketing media such as websites, Instagram, Google Business, and other media that can help market products effectively and efficiently.

Knowledge and Social Economy Model and Higher Education Institutions’ Ranking: A Grounded Theory Approach

Higher education institutions (HEIs) face crucial challenges due to education internationalization, complex ranking systems, and financial support . However, stakeholders (i.e., industry, alumni, and government) expect pragmatic results from those HEIs like research, innovation, entrepreneurship, employability, and social responsibility. To address this issue, this study investigates outcome-based factors and offers a framework for HEIs to overcome those challenges. To accomplish this goal, we relied on stakeholder and academic capitalism theories and used data triangulation approach (i.e., interviews, observation, and archival literature), Delphi method, and content validation index. We analyzed the data in NVivo software. The data revealed four aggregated dimensions: knowledge economy development, social economy development, entrepreneurship development, and education internationalization. The findings indicate a strong need for comparing HEIs to identify a holistic view of their direct contribution to HEIs in general and Oman in particular. The study’s findings may assist HE systems in other contexts in identifying strategies to meet some of the needs of their relevant stakeholders. The paper makes theoretical, practical, and policy contributions.

Characterising wildfire impacts on ecosystem services: A triangulation of scientific findings, governmental reports, and expert perceptions in Portugal

Fire has major impacts on forest ecosystems, with heightened relevance in a Mediterranean country such as Portugal, which within Europe features the highest number of wildfires and the second larger burnt area. After each significant wildfire, the Portuguese Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests (ICNF) assesses the main environmental impacts and proposes emergency stabilisation measures following specific regulations. This study seeks to improve such assessments by using a data triangulation approach to characterise the impacts of wildfires on ecosystem services in the country. First, a systematic literature review is performed to identify the scientific studies that address the issue. Next, a document analysis of all the emergency stabilisation reports and technical reports available on ICNF’s website is performed. Finally, a survey of experts’ perceptions on the topic completes the analysis. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity definitions of ecosystem services were employed to compare the different findings. The results indicate that the experts perceive wildfires to significantly impact all ecosystem services, even though the literature has so far only focused on 12 of them, and ICNF has so far only focused on 7 in its reports. The potential underlying motives are discussed. In particular, some important impacts identified in the literature, as is the case of Climate regulation, a topic of the highest priority in the European environmental agenda, have not so far been a topic of focus in ICNF’s reports, which suggests relevant opportunities for enhancing its reporting process in the future.

Elementary School Teachers’ Perceptions of Indonesian Elementary School Textbooks: A Case Study

Teaching materials are one of the important tools in the learning process. But unfortunately, there are still many teachers who misunderstand about teaching materials, especially Indonesian. This research aimed to analyze the need for teaching materials based on the teacher’s perception in the context of communication, reasoning, and reading interest. This research used a mixed research method. Data were collected through a questionnaire form given to 211 teachers and interview results to 20 teachers. Then the data were analyzed using a data triangulation approach. The results of this research indicated that the need for teaching materials for elementary school students to solve reading difficulties includes grammar, material, and an attractive appearance, making it easier for teachers to convey the material.

POTRET KOMPETENSI INTELEKTUAL PELAKU UKM DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA USAHA

Intellectual competency is an important element in the successful management of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), whose applications are still not optimally empowered by SMEs in Indonesia. This case study aims to describe the forms of intellectual competence of UKM actors and their empowerment in achieving UKM performance in Nagauleng Village, Cenrana District, Bone Regency. This study involved 3 UKM actors who were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. The collected data is processed using a data triangulation approach with stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion and verification. This study found forms of SME intellectual competence, including: creativity skills, innovation skills, skills in preparing business plans, and job evaluation skills. Furthermore, empowering intellectual competence can improve the performance of SMEs. Following up on these findings, it is very important to implement various intellectual competencies in the management of SMEs so as to provide opportunities to achieve maximum performance.

Open Journal System (OJS) As An Office Automation Model

The phenomenon of the COVID-19 pandemic forces the world community to transform into the world of work through the implementation of work from home. Many offices, especially in Indonesia, make use of various information systems and applications to facilitate work. Automation studies in the office environment are being studied again. The classic problem faced by most offices in Indonesia is that the automation system used is not integrated, one of which is the filing system. Most filing systems are limited to storing databases and tracking information. The archiving system model that is considered integrated, not limited to database storage and information retrieval, is the open journal system used by Indonesian national journals. This study aims to analyze the open journal system as a model for implementing the concept of office automation. The research object used is the open journal system used by accredited national journals in the social and humanities field. Data obtained through participatory observation of the open journal system used, in-depth interviews with journal managers, and literature studies. The data were processed and analyzed using the data triangulation approach. The results showed that the open journal system is an implementation of the concept of comprehensive office automation. However, it is necessary to conduct a study regarding the security and authentication of the metadata that is created on the system.

The impact of the human capital of women on the economic development of Guatemala

Emerging markets are amongst some of the fastest-growing economies on the globe. However, they must enhance human capital to enable a nation's long-term development. The theory states that the increase in workforce participation highly impacts GDP per capita. Additionally, developing markets can grow even further if they increase women's rate in the labor market. The paper aims to determine the main obstacles for women in the job market and identify the impact of female participation on national development by conducting a case study analysis for Guatemala. The authors decided to apply a data triangulation approach and chose a mixture of three sources of data: documents, archival records, and interviews. Guatemala holds an unfavorable rank in the Global Gender Gap Index. The findings demonstrate that the workforce rate is increasing but still severely lower than the men's rate. In Guatemala, the high number of women in tertiary education does not translate into higher female workforce participation. The main issues are cultural stereotypes, limited access to the job market, and difficulties with combining work and childcare.

Integrating ARCS motivational model and flipped teaching in L2 classrooms: a case of EFL expository writing

The Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) model provides a basis for integrating motivational dynamics and technological affordances into the design and implementation of instructions to maintain learner motivation and interest. Little attention has been paid to this potential in teaching the complex and often demotivating skill of second/foreign-language (L2) writing. This study examined synergistic effects of ARCS-flipped teaching on Iranian English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners’ expository-writing performance and motivation. Participants were 59 EFL learners in two intact classes who were assigned to two groups. In the experimental group, the ARCS model was integrated into the flipped writing course. Hybrid Edmodo plus face-to-face learning spaces were used to implement ARCS strategies alongside the instruction. In the control setting, the model was implemented in the face-to-face writing course. A data-triangulation approach, comprising writing tasks, the Course Interest Survey, and semi-structured interviews was adopted. ANCOVA results showed that the ARCS-flipped group outperformed the face-to-face group in their writing performance. Furthermore, the motivational-technological synergy led to more increased learner motivation. Learners’ retrospective perceptions revealed that the flipped features of flexibility, learner-centeredness, relaxed environment, interactivity seamlessness, and collaboration appealed to the learners’ varied time-space preferences, which, in turn, stimulated their motivation, learning engagement, and writing performance.

A roadmap for developing educational actions using food safety culture assessment – A case of an institutional food service

Food safety (FS) culture has been recognised as a phenomenon that can shape food safety behaviour. Specific educational actions can improve food safety behaviour. This study aimed to build a roadmap to guide the development of educational actions based on the assessment of the prevailing FS-culture. The study was conducted in an institutional food service in the Brazilian air force. A previously-developed mixed-methods and data triangulation approach was used to assess the FS-culture based on eight elements (leadership, communication, knowledge, commitment, risk perception, work pressure and normative beliefs, work environment, and management systems, styles, and process). The roadmap was designed based on a combination of the FS-culture element score (1-reactive, 2-active, and 3-proactive) and priority levels (highest, moderate, lowest, and no priority) of proposed topics to be included in educational actions. Such topics were based on specific literature about food safety culture and the behaviour of food handlers. The FS-culture diagnosis in the air force food service demonstrated an “active to proactive” FS-culture; the element “work pressure and normative beliefs” showed the highest score (3 – proactive), whereas “risk perception” and “management systems, styles, and process” indicated the lowest scores (1–2 – reactive to active). Based on the weaknesses and strengths in the prevailing FS-culture, the roadmap revealed that the topics showing the lowest scores, “risk perception” and “management systems, styles, and process,” had the highest priority to be included in the educational actions. The designed roadmap may support food services in making decisions about food safety education towards a proactive FS-culture.

Birthing under the Condition of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Interviews with Mothers, Partners, and Obstetric Health Care Workers.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the necessary containment measures challenge obstetric care. Support persons were excluded while protection measures burdened and disrupted the professionals’ ability to care and communicate. The objective of this study was to explore the first-hand experience of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mothers, their partners, and obstetric professionals regarding birth and obstetric care in a university hospital. Methods: To answer the descriptive research questions, we conducted a qualitative content analysis using a data triangulation approach. We carried out 35 semi-structured interviews with two stratified purposive samples. Sample one consisted of 25 mothers who had given birth during the pandemic and five partners. Sample two included 10 obstetric professionals whose insights complemented the research findings and contributed to data validation. Participants were recruited from the study sample of a larger project on patient safety from two German university hospitals from February to August 2021. The study was approved by two ethics committees and informed consent was obtained. Results: Mothers complied with the rules, but felt socially isolated and insecure, especially before transfer to the delivery room. The staff equally reported burdens from their professional perspective: They tried to make up for the lack of partner and social contacts but could not live up to their usual professional standards. The exclusion of partners was seen critically, but necessary to contain the pandemic. The undisturbed time for bonding in the maternity ward was considered positive by both mothers and professionals. Conclusion: The negative effects of risk mitigation measures on childbirth are to be considered carefully when containment measures are applied.

Social entrepreneurs' venture launch intention: exploring the role of cognitive determinants

The present paper tries to: 1) understand the cognitive determinants of the entrepreneurs who engage in business models in order to serve the poor; 2) see the role of altruism in social entrepreneurial venture launch; 3) check whether social entrepreneurs are generalists or specialists in their field. For this purpose the study takes a data triangulation approach. To capture different dimensions of the cognitive determinants of serving the poor, the study has employed interview method, focus group discussion and use of questionnaires. The study found that cognitive determinants studied in the present paper are guiding factors for developing a business model to help the poor, altruism has a moderating role on the relation between cognitive determinants and social venture launch, and that social entrepreneurs have a wide range of experience and generic knowledge in variety of fields as compared to specific knowledge in one area.

An explorative analysis of the perception of guns and gun laws in Azerbaijan using a mixed-methods approach

ABSTRACT Despite being a post-conflict society, Azerbaijan now enjoys relatively low levels of gun crime and firearm ownership. Adopting a data triangulation approach, this study explored the attitude of the self-select sample (n = 589) in Azerbaijan on guns and gun laws regulating the acquisition of guns, in addition to qualitative interviews. The majority of the participants were content with the current restrictive gun control policies and legislation. Firearms were viewed mostly as an instrument for hunting and self-defence. Qualitative interviews among experts and respondents with experience of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (n = 19) largely supplemented the findings obtained through the online survey and provided in-depth insights into the meanings attached to firearms. This explorative study contributes to our understanding of the gunscape in the post-communist and post-conflict society that does not suffer from a gun epidemic. From a comparative perspective, the perceptions of Azerbaijani respondents indicate the absence of “conflict mentality” observed in some other conflict-stricken regions, as well as an extremely limited degree of cultural acceptance of guns as honourable and symbolic items to possess.