Purpose This study aims to examine the pattern of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) use among non-science backgrounds in academic writing, highlighting challenges and ethical issues from both students' and faculty members' perspectives. Design/methodology/approach This research adopts a predominantly qualitative approach, which is supplemented by limited quantitative elements. About 140 students from seven distinct social science disciplines contributed to data collection through observations. Additionally, 14 faculty members participated in in-depth interviews (IDI). Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and ethical considerations were strictly adhered to. Findings Students use various GenAI tools for conceptual understanding, idea generation, language enhancement, structural development, and formatting assistance. However, it creates overdependence among students and lessens their intellectual skills. They make mistakes in citations and utilize fabricated references, which are considered unethical. Research limitations/implications To ensure the best use of GenAI in academic writing, developing national and institutional policies is fundamental. Besides, introducing AI literacy, providing language support programs, strengthening analytical skills, and establishing ethical training modules on AI use might help remove barriers and increase students' competence. Originality/value Existing studies focus primarily on STEM students. In contrast, the unique GenAI challenges faced by social science students in countries like Bangladesh remain largely unexplored, and this major research gap is addressed.

Recent progress in gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) technologies in combination with high-brilliance synchrotron and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has allowed the visualization of protein dynamics in crystallo by mixing macromolecular protein crystals with a substrate using tunable mixing times on the order of milliseconds to seconds prior to serial X-ray diffraction data collection. This has become the method of choice for high-resolution structure determination of intermediate states. However, such experiments require large counts of crystals of proper sizes for high-resolution data collection, and premium beam times for screening efforts. Cryogenic microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) represents a complementary technique that may be a more accessible avenue for time-resolved nanocrystallography compared with serial X-ray diffraction experiments. MicroED can produce full diffraction datasets from just a few submicrometre-thick crystals, and the approach is more readily accessible, requiring standard cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipment available at many universities and institutes. Cryogenic MicroED, like other forms of cryo-EM, begins with rapidly freezing biological material on electron microscopy grids. In the case of MicroED, micro- to nano-crystals (<500 nm thick) are deposited onto electron microscopy grids and plunge-frozen for subsequent electron diffraction data collection. Here, we have incorporated GDVN technology developed originally for XFEL experiments into the freezing process as a first step towards time-resolved studies. We describe the limited deposition efficiency of the model MicroED protein proteinase K on TEM grids using GDVNs, preceding sample vitrification and successful MicroED data collection. We discuss both the initial results from such experiments and the methodological challenges in developing this approach into a reliable workflow for millisecond-to-second time-resolved structural studies of macromolecules. Our results promise a strategy to deposit crystals on grids using GDVNs and determine high-resolution structures by MicroED, constituting a first step towards development of time-resolved MicroED experiments.

The Adriatic Sea represents one of the most productive areas of the entire Mediterranean basin, with anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) being among the main targets of fishery. Two decades (2003-2023) of anchovy Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) have been made available through continuous data collection derived from the Fishery Observing System (FOS) and the Adriatic Fishery & Oceanography Observing System infrastructure (AdriFOOS), implemented by CNR-IRBIM. These systems leverage commercial fishing vessels as Ships Of OPportunity (SOOPs) by transforming them into autonomous data-collection units capable of recording geo-referenced catch data (supplied by fishermen through a dedicated interface), along with in-situ environmental information (through sensors installed on the fishing gears). By means of Generalized Additive Models (GAMs), the influence of environmental and anthropogenic drivers on anchovy’s CPUE spatio-temporal distribution in the Adriatic Sea was analysed. Temperature and fishing depth were shown to influence anchovy’s CPUEs. In contrast, vessel characteristics (except for vessel power), as well as latitude, exhibited less clear effects on CPUEs. This study characterized the effect of environmental and fleets’ changes, over space and time, on anchovy’s CPUE in the Adriatic Sea. Furthermore, this approach provides a good example of data collection using commercial fishing vessels, demonstrating the potential of SOOPs to advance the investigation on population dynamics. • Fishery observing systems were employed to collect data on European anchovy CPUEs in the Adriatic Sea. • A 20-year time series of georeferenced catches and environmental parameters was used. • CPUEs spatio-temporal distribution was modelled using Generalized Additive Models. • Environmental and anthropogenic drivers significantly influence anchovy’s CPUE. • Commercial fishing vessels resulted effective in characterizing anchovy’s dynamics.

Adaptive traits, along with productive and reproductive performance, are essential for assessing the suitability and long-term sustainability of indigenous cattle in specific production environments. This study evaluated the adaptive, productive and reproductive performance of Boran dairy cattle in the lowland agro-ecology of the Kaffa Zone, south-western Ethiopia. The study was conducted at a commercial farm in Gojeb, and sixty (60) multiparous Boran dairy cows were selected based on health status, parity, and lactation stage, following an adaptation period before data collection. This study covered the early, mid and late lactation stages over a 25-week monitoring period. Daily milk yield was recorded twice daily, and reproductive parameters, including age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), number of services per conception (NSPC), days open (DO) and gestation length (GL), were obtained from farm records. Adaptive performance was assessed using rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR) in relation to the meteorological variables. Blood samples were collected from 30 cows (10 per lactation stage) for haematological (HC, RBC, WBC and PCV) and biochemical (TP, GLU, URE, TGL, TC, AST and ALT) analyses. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20, and descriptive statistics were summarized as mean ± SD. The current study revealed that the mean daily milk yield was 2.43 ± 0.62, 2.12 ± 0.58 and 1.72 ± 0.45 L/day for early, mid and late lactation, respectively. Parity 1 and 2 cows produced 1.71 ± 0.46 L and 2.47 ± 0.52 L, respectively, with an overall mean of 2.09 ± 0.62 L/day. Parity and lactation stage significantly (p < 0.001) affected production performance. The reproduction performance of Boran dairy cows was as follows: AFC (51.63 ± 1.82 months), CI (19.07 ± 1.93 months), GL (276.50 ± 2.15 days), DO (338.05 ± 21.71 days) and NSPC (1.60 ± 0.22). Lactation stage and parity significantly influenced several biochemical (TP, GLU, TGL, TC, ALT and AST) and haematological (HC, WBC and PCV) parameters, with total protein and urea being the main contributors to blood profile variation. Blood values remained within the normal range, indicating good physiological adaptation to the local conditions. The productive and reproductive performances of Boran cows were within the expected ranges for indigenous breeds, suggesting that crossbreeding could enhance productivity. Further studies should consider age, season and comparisons with other locally adapted breeds.

This study aims to analyze the management of health facilities and infrastructure, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and examine the influence of facility and infrastructure management on service quality at the Anugerah Medical Center Metro Lampung Maternity and Child Hospital (RSIA). The study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation studies with purposively selected informants, including elements of management, health workers, administrative staff, and patients or patient families. Data validity was guaranteed through source and technical triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the management of facilities and infrastructure at the Anugerah Medical Center Metro Lampung Maternity and Child Hospital has been implemented systematically through the stages of planning, procurement, maintenance, and supervision and evaluation, although not yet fully optimal. The main supporting factors include the hospital management's commitment to improving service quality and patient safety, as well as internal policy support. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors are more technical and managerial in nature, such as the time-consuming procurement administration process, limited human resources specifically for facility maintenance, and suboptimal cross-unit coordination. The management of facilities and infrastructure has been shown to significantly impact service quality, particularly in terms of service effectiveness, patient comfort, and healthcare worker performance. The conclusion of this study indicates that the management of facilities and infrastructure is a crucial component in supporting the quality of healthcare services at the Anugerah Medical Center Metro Lampung Hospital. Therefore, it is recommended that the hospital strengthen short-term and long-term planning, optimize the integrated electronic inventory system, improve the competency of human resource facility managers, and strengthen cross-unit coordination and supervision to ensure the sustainability of the quality of maternal and child healthcare services.

The `photometric selection' approach as a high throughput, sample tolerant, low cost and highly automatable method of carrying out serial crystallography is presented. Crystalline samples are loaded and distributed onto a simple transparent substrate and an in-line camera identifies crystals using image recognition algorithms from the computer vision project OpenCV. In contrast to established serial techniques, which generally require that crystal samples be refined with narrow size distributions and defined habits, the sample requirements when using photometric selection are shown to be minimal. We demonstrate how broadly effective photometric selection can be by collecting high-quality datasets from three exemplar systems: a small-molecule organometallic, a small-molecule organic and a metal-organic framework system. In contrast to previously established grid-scanning techniques, data collection using photometric selection can be up to six times faster.

To map and synthesise the main recommendations for arterial blood gas (ABG) collection in intensive care units (ICUs). A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR Checklist, supported with The PAGER framework and guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology to ensure methodological rigour and analytical comprehensiveness. Data collection was conducted from February to April 2024. The data sources included: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, PubMed Central, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Science Direct, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Excerpta Medica database (Embase), CAPES Thesis and Dissertation Catalogue, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), Scientific Open Access Repository of Portugal (RCAAP), Theses Canada and the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) repository. Key findings recommend the radial artery as the preferred puncture site, an insertion angle of 30° to 45°, the use of 1 or 3 mL syringes and 20G or 23G gauge needles. Transport and storage at room temperature are advised. Cryoanalgesia and subcutaneous analgesia methods were found to be effective for pain management. The review highlights the best practices for arterial blood gas collection in critical care. The synthesized evidence strengthens clinical practice, informs guidelines for intensive care nursing and promotes safer, higher-quality care for critically ill patients. The evidence-based recommendations identified can enhance nursing care related to arterial blood gas collection. Adherence to these practices promotes safer, more humanised and evidence-based care during the procedure. The report of this study followed the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. There was no patient or public involvement in this scoping review.

Although radiography is individually low dose, the population dose is a concern; therefore, it is important to achieve consistent dose and image quality. A large institution has significant challenges of verification; vast data collection, timely data auditing, and effective intervention across diverse imaging centers, equipment, and anatomy. This study presents a novel, decade-long approach addressing these challenges in high-volume digital radiography (DR) and the clinical impact. Reject rate and average EI per user/protocol were chosen as performance metrics. An in-house, semiautomated system - utilizing remote software, shared network drives, and manual extraction - was developed to streamline exposure record collection from 68 DR systems from five major manufacturers at multiple facilities. Custom scripts automated dataset aggregation for monthly analysis and review of metrics, incorporating root-cause analysis for individual technologist reject rates exceeding 7% or EI+100 relative to EItarget 225. 50,000 DR exposures were analyzed monthly to determine average reject rates and EI for 200 technologists. Since 2011, the mean reject rate was lowered from 14% to 2.5% and the median EI from 350 to 220. Median EI for specific high-impact torso protocols decreased by 50-60%. Interventions reduced the technologists' alert recurrence; in 2023, 7% of technologist performance metrics exceeded alert levels, but 66% of those were in compliance the following month. A semi-automated remote data collection and analysis of reject rates and EI has allowed a sustainable review of high-volume DR resulting in significant improvement in consistent exposure levels and image quality.

Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is a frequent complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The ability to predict which patients are at risk of developing PEP is essential for determining the suitability of same-day discharge. Therefore, the study was undertaken to validate the predictive value of the 2-hour post-ERCP serum amylase level and cannulation time in relation to the occurrence of PEP. An observational approach was adopted to conduct the study based on data collected from the BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka. The study duration was twelve months. All patients who underwent ERCP were included in this study. A total of 135 patients were enrolled after obtaining informed written consent. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Serum amylase levels at 2 hour and 24 hour post-procedure was measured along with cannulation time and procedure time among all patients. Risk factors were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic models. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V-23. Ethical measures were taken in accordance with the current Declaration of Helsinki. A total of 135 cases (average age 55.32±13.16 years, 52.6% female) were analyzed. Of all, twenty-three developed Post-ERCP pancreatitis after the procedure. Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that a cannulation time of more than 6.3 min [AUC: 0.827, 95% CI: 0.736-0.919, p<0.0001] and 2 hours amylase levels greater than 128 IU/L cutoff value (AUC: 9.959, 95% CI: 0.917-1.000, p<0.0001) were significant predictive factors for PEP. A total of 21 patients out of 23 exhibited 2 hour amylase levels higher than the cutoff level and developed PEP. On the other hand, 19 of the 23 patients developed PEP and required cannulation times longer than the cutoff values. The combined result of both the 2-hour serum amylase level and cannulation time had a sensitivity of 95.65%, specificity of 72.32%, PPV of 41.50%, NPV of 98.78% and accuracy of 76.29%, with a significant (p<0.0001). The present findings imply that the grouping of serum amylase levels and cannulation timing at 2 hours post-ERCP is a suitable indicator for identifying patients at high risk for PEP.

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is common, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women of Bangladesh and its association with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 pregnant women admitted to the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Popular Medical College Hospital for delivery from July 2019 to June 2022. Data collection was done through face-to-face interview using a semi-structured case record form and laboratory tests. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine the association between maternal vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L] among pregnant women was 11.7% and vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D 30-75 nmol/L] was 77.6%. In logistic regression model, vitamin D deficiency was not significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (aOR 2.32, 95% CI 0.54, 12.0), preeclampsia (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 0.75, 14.6), preterm labor (aOR 2.41, 95% CI 0.98, 6.25), low birth weight (aOR 2.04, 95% CI 0.81, 5.30), intrauterine growth retardation (aOR 2.55, 95% CI 0.51, 18.7) and low APGAR score (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 0.24, 12.0). A large proportion of the pregnant women had a suboptimal level of vitamin D. However, no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy outcome was found in the study.

Experience-Based Co-design (EBCD) is a participatory action research technique aimed at enhancing the experiences of both service users and service providers within healthcare services. Hence, the aim was to develop strategies to improve the engagement of youth with mental health services being delivered in Chennai, India. We adopted a modified EBCD method involving three phases (data collection, designing strategies and implementation) spread across six stages. Starting from stage-1 interviews with service users and providers to identify factors that may lead young service users to disengage from treatment, followed by group interactions undertaken separately with service providers and users to pinpoint key areas for improvement. This also included a co-design process with all stakeholders, where solutions were refined using SMART criteria and rated on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being less prioritised and 5 being highly prioritised. The final stage involved a meeting with institution management to deliberate and decide on the plan for implementation of the generated solutions. Service users, providers, and stakeholders found key areas such as outpatient department (OPD) timings, continuity in MHP-client associations, awareness about medication and treatment processes, and the facilities, including the physical environment and refreshments provided for service users, were major reasons why patients disengaged from the treatment. In this study, service users, providers, and stakeholders prioritised touch points grouped under three major themes: (1) appointments, (2) facilities and (3) awareness. Despite some challenges, EBCD was successfully implemented at the Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF) in the Youth Mental Health Department, Chennai, India. EBCD was a promising methodology for service improvement and empowering service users. It identified crucial areas for enhancement and empowered the service users by involving them in the decision-making process, ultimately contributing to improved engagement and satisfaction with mental health services.

This study aims to reveal the contribution of the Ciwaringin Batik Cooperative in the standardization process and the implementation of green marketing concepts to support the aspirations of the local batik industry. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document review involving cooperative administrators, artisan members, and other relevant parties. The results of this study indicate that the cooperative plays a crucial role in driving environmentally friendly production standards, increasing member capacity, and developing a marketing network that emphasizes ecological values. Through its various programs, the cooperative has been able to encourage the use of natural dyes as a substitute for chemicals, establish an internal certification system, and strengthen the image of green batik products, thus enhancing their competitiveness in the market. On the other hand, this study also identified several obstacles, including limited capital, low understanding of environmentally friendly products by local consumers, and inadequate support from local government policies. This research contributes to the development of a cooperative institutional model as a means of transforming the local creative industry into a more attractive business practice.

This study aims to determine the development of social media that has changed marketing strategies by promoting highly attractive influencers to influence consumer behavior, particularly in the increasingly competitive beauty industry as Gen Z's interest in skincare products grows. The sampling method used was Non-Probability Sampling with Purposive Sampling technique with a sample size of 100 respondents. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire distributed via Google Form using a Likert scale. The results were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption tests, hypothesis testing, and data processing using SPSS 30. The results showed that influencer appeal and brand image had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously. These findings confirm that the synergy between attractive influencers and strong brand image can increase consumer purchasing decisions. The practical implications underscore the importance of selecting influencers that are in line with the brand identity and consistently building a positive image on social media.

"There is a soil shortage in delivering services for fathers": Qualitative inquiry into service challenges and opportunities for fathers with disabled children: The practitioners' perspectives.

DUST: A framework for quantifying dugong-seagrass interactions using low-cost UAVs.

Numerous databases exist in the field of cardiac surgery across Europe, but none of them combine the entire captured data of all clinical specialties involved in the care process of patients, including anesthesia and perfusion. To fill this gap, the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association (ECHSA) and the European Association for Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care along with the European Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion propose to build a database module for Anesthesia and Perfusion data collected during congenital cardiac surgery and interventional procedures and coupling these data within the existing largest congenital cardiac surgery database in Europe-the ECHSA Congenital Cardiac Database (ECHSA-CCDB). This report will review the state of the development of this database module to date and propose an initial set of variables for collection. The report also outlines the methodology to be followed for the final selection of variables and sets a course for the start of data collection. The scope of procedures to be captured includes pediatric cardiac surgery operations with or without cardiopulmonary bypass and interventional cardiology procedures. Descriptive study/methods study. Congenital cardiac surgery/cardiology/anesthesiology. Congenital cardiac anesthesiologists, surgeons, and perfusionists. None. We discuss a literature review, survey, and panel meetings for the development of an anesthesia and perfusion variables module being integrated into ECHSA-Congenital Cardiac Database by identifying the first set of variables to be available for outcome research in surgical operations and transcatheter interventional cardiology procedures across Europe. This multisocietal collaboration will lead to the most comprehensive approach to patient outcome research in congenital cardiac surgery and Interventional Cardiology in Europe to date. The article describes the initial concept of the modules and the process steps used to identify candidate variables for anesthesia outcomes in the setting of congenital cardiac surgery.

Clinical training challenges in critical care units for nursing students: A qualitative content analysis.

Introduction: The concept of leadership of an organization seems to be related to the efficiency of this organization, as well as to the satisfaction that employees enjoy from the conditions and nature of their work. The style of transformational leadership has been characterized as the most appropriate, in order to achieve the development of human resources that staff the health structures and to perform their work more effectively. Aim: Aim of this study was to expand the leadership style of nursing staff and its possible correlation with job satisfaction. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study. The data collection was done using The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire - MLQ leadership questionnaire and the Job Satisfaction Survey questionnaire. Results: The results showed that in this hospital there is mainly a leadership of transactional / processing style (3.04±0.57) with very few elements of transformational leadership (2.35±0.76), which seems to satisfy in general the nursing staff (2.71±1.08). This leadership seems to be positively associated with the supervisor / boss (r=0.20, p=0.017), with colleagues (r = 0.219, p=0.009) and with the nature of work (r=0.289, p=0.001), while on the contrary it seems to be negatively correlated with communication (r=-0,180, p=0,032). Furthermore, it appears that the nursing staff is mediocre or quite satisfied with the possible rewards (4.01±1.03), with the operating conditions (4.13±0.89), with the colleagues (4.14±0, 82), by the nature of the work (4.12±0.83). Conclusions: In conclusion, in this hospital it seems that a leadership is exercised that is more specific to the type of transactional leadership and is evaluated as a whole as satisfactory, while the way in which the leader performs his role and exercises this leadership is considered quite satisfactory.

Use of non-prescription drugs is a significant health concern for the population in Bangladesh. The ease of access to medicines, the high price of healthcare and lack of information on how to take the drugs properly promote such a practice. The purpose of the study was to single out the demographic, behavioral, and knowledge-related variables connected with taking medicines without a doctor's prescription. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 504 participants through online and face-to-face data collection. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data, behavior related to medication use, and knowledge concerning medicine regulations. The data was summarized using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used to test the relationship between variables. The use of multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis revealed predictors that are significant. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were provided, with p < 0.05 being the statistical significance level. One in five respondents had taken over-the-counter medicines owing to the high cost of healthcare. Approximately one out of every four indicated that they could easily obtain medicines without a prescription in pharmacies. The majority of the participants (82.1%) felt that there should be a public education program to ensure that people do not use improper medications. The results of the MLR analysis revealed that self-diagnosing individuals tended to overdose (OR = 2.806; 95% CI: 1.535-5.129; p = 0.001). The use of non-prescription medications was also linked to poor knowledge regarding proper use of medicines (OR = 7.078; 95% CI: 1.448-34.601; p = 0.02). The use of non-prescription medication is prominent in Bangladesh and is determined by self-diagnosis, easy access to drugs, and also ignorance. This practice can be minimized by employing public awareness programs and enhanced regulation.

Costing of Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment Pathways: Case Studies in Bangladesh and Uganda.