Subtypes estimation in single-cell multi-omics data via S-multi-SNE.

The increasing volume of medical education research necessitates efficient, reliable, and scalable methods for conducting quality appraisals. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) is a widely used tool, although its manual scoring process remains resource-intensive. This study evaluated how well large language models (LLMs) appraise medical education research using the MERSQI tool in comparison with human judges. Three LLMs (GPT-5, Claude Sonnet 4, and Gemini 2.5 Pro) assigned MERSQI domain scores to 1423 medical education research articles. The authors compared AI-generated scores with human-generated scores using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) across the six MERSQI domains. They evaluated the agreement between AI- and human-generated MERSQI composite scores using Bland-Altman plots. Domain-level ICC values ranged from fair (0.24) to near perfect (0.81), with the lowest agreement observed in the 'sampling,' 'validity evidence,' and 'data analysis' domains. No single LLM consistently outperformed the others across all domains. Composite score agreement with human ratings was substantial and similar across LLMs (ICC range: 0.65-0.69). GPT-5 produced slightly lower composite scores than humans, while Claude Sonnet 4 and Gemini 2.5 Pro produced higher scores, with Gemini showing the largest deviation. The Bland-Altman plots for Gemini 2.5 Pro suggested proportional bias, indicating its agreement with human scores varied across the range of study quality. These LLMs demonstrated substantial agreement with human raters for MERSQI composite scores, but domain-level agreement varied. Systematic differences in scoring patterns highlight the need for human oversight and additional calibrations before integrating LLMs into systematic review appraisal workflows.

Relationships matter: What are we missing by treating sexual assault and intimate partner violence perpetration as separate phenomenon?

Loss of Hfe impairs hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function

Community perspectives on the return of research results and ownership of data and specimens for brain tumor genomic research

The unsatisfactory percentage for ThinPrep Pap Tests (TPPT) at our institution reached the 75th percentile (2.7%) benchmark established by the College of American Pathologists (CAP). Our aim was to identify outliers by analysis of data, provide education and feedback, and establish a system to monitor outcomes. The laboratory information system (LIS) was queried for TPPT cases diagnosed as 'Non-diagnostic' between April and June 2022. Two hundred and thirty-two cases were identified and reviewed by 2 cytopathologists and 1 cytotechnologist to identify limiting factors, including cellularity, blood, lubricant, inflammation, and mucus. The percentage of unsatisfactory TPPT was evaluated for both clinicians and clinics and stratified into peer groups based on total TPPT collected. The two clinics with the highest unsatisfactory percentage in a peer group of > 500 TPPT collected were identified. A LIS report was created to improve efficiency in future data collection. Low cellularity was a limiting factor in 100% of cases, blood in 51.7% (n = 120), lubricant in 18.5% (n = 43), inflammation in 13.8% (n = 32), and mucus in 3.9% (n = 9), with multiple factors possible per case. Twenty clinics collected > 500 TPPT for FY2022. Two clinics (1 resident-led clinic) had an unsatisfactory percentage > 3%, for which to target interventions. Clinic 1 had an unsatisfactory percentage of 6.1% (62/1018), and clinic 2 was 3.5% (21/608). To address limiting factors, a laboratory bulletin with best practices for TPPT collection and a list of Hologic TPPT approved lubricants was sent to each clinic. Statistics of unsatisfactory TPPT were provided. The highest unsatisfactory TPPT clinics received Hologic educational materials and an educational session. The resolution of laboratory quality issues requires investigations, often laborious in nature. In an era of staffing shortages, an effective LIS is essential to efficiently investigate and resolve quality variances. TPPT data via LIS reports were reviewed at 3 months and 1-year post-intervention implementation to evaluate outcomes.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent psychiatric disorder with episodes of mania and depression. The severe and recurrent symptoms of BD can considerably influence patients' significant others and alter their lives and thereby, influence family functioning (FF). This study aimed at exploring the influential factors on the FF of patients with BD. This qualitative study was undertaken in 2021-2022 with the conventional content analysis method, adhering to the COREQ checklist. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 family members of BD patients and three healthcare providers, all purposefully selected from a psychiatric hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Data analysis was performed through Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis. Participants' experiences of the influential factors on their FF came into 20 categories and six main themes, namely family interaction, struggle for adaptation, role challenges, sexual behaviour challenges, financial problems and cultural backgrounds and conflicts. Different personal, financial and sociocultural factors influence the sociocultural, financial, relational, sexual and role-related aspects of FF among the families of patients with BD. Given the critical role of FF in the prevention, early diagnosis and effective treatment and rehabilitation of patients with BD, healthcare authorities and providers need to carefully consider these influential factors when planning care. This study offers valuable insight into the role of influential factors on the FF of patients with BD. The findings equip mental health nurses with a deeper understanding of these factors, enabling them to provide better support to relatives. Psychiatric nurses can adopt a participatory care approach that actively involves family members and provides stronger support for family caregivers.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore patients' experiences following orthognathic surgery with a focus on dietary management. To gain in-depth knowledge of patients' postoperative dietary management, a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was applied, in which data were collected through individual semi-structured telephone interviews. Eleven patients (seven men, four women, aged 19-44) were recruited through purposive sampling during two periods in 2023 and 2024. The interviews were conducted 5-6 weeks postoperatively during home recovery and lasted on average 31 min. The data analysis was based on Ricoeur's theory of narrative interpretation. Four themes emerged describing challenges regarding dietary protocols: (1) patients struggle with dietary restrictions due to a lack of information, (2) to be in a negative spiral, (3) soft non-chew diet as a period of restrictions, and (4) dietary restrictions cause psychosocial burden. The dietary challenges were primarily practical and often linked to insufficient information. Consequently, patients reported psychosocial difficulties, often describing a sense of being caught in a negative spiral. These experiences may reflect limited health literacy. The findings highlight the need for a more structured approach to nutritional care to enhance patients' health literacy, strengthen their self-management skills and support better recovery outcomes in the orthognathic trajectory. The study has led to changes in both nutritional protocols and patient education for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.

To explore the clinical value of real-time ultrasound measurement of thyrohyoid space dynamics in assessing vocal hyperfunction mode (VHM). The 161 chronic laryngitis patients, 55 with vocal cord polyps, and 44 normal controls were studied at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, from June 2024 to January 2025. Voice quality, aerodynamic parameters, and thyrohyoid space were assessed using VHI-10, GRBAS scale, voice analysis, aerodynamic profiling, palpation scoring, and ultrasound. Data analysis was conducted using Python. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in VHI-10 scores, G, R, B, S, Jitter, and Shimmer are observed between male and female vocal cord polyp groups. Aerodynamic analysis indicates distinct variations in mean airflow rate across both genders (p < 0.05), while maximum phonation time and subglottic pressure differ significantly in females alone (p < 0.05). Palpation scores for the thyrohyoid space and F0 do not show substantial differences (p > 0.05) between groups. Conversely, real-time ultrasound evaluations of the thyrohyoid space, including pre-phonation/phonation minimum distances (left/right), rates of unilateral (left/right) narrowing, and maximum narrowing rate, exhibit notable differences (p < 0.05) across three groups. Real-time ultrasound measurement of the thyroid-hyoid gap is simple, feasible, and provides a more quantitative assessment of VHM than subjective palpation or vocal aerodynamic measures. It therefore represents a useful clinical tool for evaluating voice function.

Folate-targeted, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-embedded, methotrexate-loaded albumin nanoparticles: Molecular modeling, design optimization, and in vitro anticancer evaluation in breast cancer cells.

Sleep disturbances among university students have increasingly been linked to academic stress, lifestyle choices, and psychosocial factors, all of which elevate the risk of insomnia through the demands of academic work and a propensity for irregular sleep schedules. This study evaluated the determinants of sleep quality and sleep hygiene behaviors among university students. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across five universities in Chittagong, Bangladesh, involving undergraduate students selected via stratified random sampling. Student groups were compared using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Dunn post hoc tests. Multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate predictors of sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] score), with p<0.05 as the significance threshold. Data analysis and visualization were performed using Stata SE 18 and R. Out of 1000 participants, the mean age was 22.05±1.55 years, and 49.6% were classified as poor sleepers (PSQI>5). Significant gender differences were found (p=<0.003), with females reporting poorer sleep quality. PSQI differed across disciplines (p=0.028), especially science versus humanities (p=0.023). Poor sleepers had significantly higher scores on the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Academic Stressors Module (ASM), and Cultural and Social Practices Module (p<0.001). In multivariable regression, female gender predicted poorer sleep (β=0.741, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.254-1.228, p=0.003), humanities discipline (vs. science) was also associated with higher PSQI scores (β=0.621, 95% CI: 0.108-1.133, p=0.018), whereas middle-income status predicted better sleep (β=-0.999, 95% CI: -1.813 to -0.185, p=0.016). Poor sleep quality is prevalent among university students and is primarily influenced by gender, academic discipline, socioeconomic background, and co-occurring psychosocial stressors. Targeted interventions are needed to improve educational outcomes through sleep hygiene education and context-specific strategies.

This study examines the phenomenon of giving monetary envelopes at weddings within Indonesian Muslim society, a practice that often occupies a gray area between voluntary giving (tabarru’) and economic exchange (mu’āwaḍah). The research employs a qualitative method that compares legal theory with empirical realities in the field. The data was collected from several relevant research articles that discuss wedding traditions in various regions. The data analysis was conducted by selecting relevant information, organizing it systematically, and drawing logical conclusions to address the existing legal issues. Through a comparative approach between Islamic Family Law and Islamic Economic Law, this article aims to map the legal status and socio-economic functions of this tradition. The findings indicate that, from the perspective of Islamic Family Law, wedding envelopes are regarded as gifts or grants that serve to strengthen social bonds (silaturahmi). However, from the perspective of Islamic Economic Law, this practice may shift into a form of debt (qardh) when accompanied by record-keeping and expectations of equivalent repayment. This study proposes a classification of wedding envelopes into three categories: pure gifts, social debts, and social investments. In conclusion, the permissibility of this tradition largely depends on the clarity of intention and sincerity, ensuring that such assistance does not become a burdensome obligation in the future.

Bayesian and non-Bayesian inference for the induced XLindley distribution with data analysis

Motor developmental Tui na method with comprehensive rehabilitation in children with spastic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial.

Women' and midwives' experiences of perinatal mental health care: A qualitative study.

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare head and neck cancer arising from the upper nasal cavity, with limited systemic therapeutic options due to a poor understanding of its genomic landscape. This study aims to utilize a patient-level genomic repository to identify potential therapeutic targets and improve disease modeling in ONB. Retrospective genomic analysis. Data analysis was performed using the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) database. Patients with confirmed ONB who have undergone targeted sequencing within GENIE. Data were analyzed for recurrent somatic mutations, along with their clinical and demographic correlations, with significance set at p < 0.05. A high prevalence of mutations in TP53 (tumor protein p53) and FRK (fibroblast growth factor receptor kinase) genes was identified. A moderate prevalence of mutations in NOTCH3 (notch receptor 3), SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4), RET (rearranged during transfection), and CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) was also identified. The mutation patterns differed between pediatric and adult ONB cases. Specific mutations were enriched in metastatic tumors compared with primary tumors. This study provides a genomic profile for ONB, identifying key mutations and potential therapeutic targets. The identification of frequently mutated genes like TP53 and FRK suggests potential targets for novel therapies. The observation that certain genes are mutated in pediatric ONB but not adult ONB (and vice versa), and the presence of specific mutations in metastatic tumors that are absent in primary tumors, offers valuable insights for future precision medicine and the design of targeted therapeutic interventions for these distinct clinical presentations.

Longitudinal studies investigating air pollution from livestock farms and respiratory health effects in neighboring residents are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between residential livestock farm exposures and lung function decline over a 7-year period in people living in livestock-dense rural areas in the Netherlands. Spirometry was performed in 2014/2015 and 2021/2022 for 847 adults (28-80 years of age at follow-up). We analyzed the annual rate of change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), tiffeneau index (FEV1/FVC) , peak expiratory flow, and maximal mid-expiratory flow in relation to long-term exposure to livestock farming-emitted endotoxin and particulate matter <10 µm (PM10) at the home address, which was predicted by dispersion modeling at baseline. Data analysis was performed using generalized additive models with nonlinear terms for exposure, adjusting for potential confounders. No associations were identified between residential exposure to livestock-related endotoxin or PM10 and the annual rate of change in lung function (P > 0.05). Adjusted models showed that participants with a farm childhood had larger annual decreases in FEV1 (-5.63 ml/year, P = 0.018) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (-11.15 ml/second per year, P = 0.032), compared with those without a farm childhood. However, average baseline spirometry was higher in participants with a farm childhood compared with those without. Our longitudinal study did not find evidence for a relationship between air pollution from livestock farms and lung function decline in neighboring residents. Longitudinal studies with a greater number of observations across the life course are needed to gain deeper insights into lung function trajectories and to assess the impact of livestock-related air pollution in rural populations.

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a core component of good health for people living in contexts affected by conflict, displacement or other crises. This paper explores how SRH needs are understood by the international humanitarian community, and the implications for the relative prioritisation of different components of SRH, spanning health-, rights- and justice-based approaches. I draw on feminist theory from situated knowledge and standpoint epistemology which highlights that there are different ways of representing problems. The methodology uses original semi-structured interviews with participants (n=31) from international organisations, donor and research institutions working on humanitarian SRH. Data analysis was iterative and flexible, using memos, formal coding, and thematic networks. The study's findings suggest that partial evidence, humanitarian norms, and positionalities shape perceptions of SRH needs among the international humanitarian community. This has implications for who and what is visible, resulting in a de facto hierarchy within SRH service delivery in humanitarian settings. The research demonstrates the insights offered by a more critical approach to needs- and evidence-based humanitarian action. This lens is more relevant than ever in the current climate of aid funding cuts. I call for a paradigm shift towards incorporating more comprehensive, longer-term, and minority perspectives in interpreting and prioritising SRH needs that may better acknowledge and respond to the realities of affected people.

Mobile phone addiction and social anxiety among nursing students during internship: The longitudinal mediating role of physical activity and social adaptability in mental health promotion.

Explainable machine learning for predicting the load-carrying capacity of damaged steel girders after over-height vehicle strikes