Dangerous Occurrences Research Articles

Agricultural Health and Safety Survey in Friuli Venezia Giulia

The work in the agricultural sector has taken on a fundamental role in the last decades, due to the still too high rate of fatal injuries, workplace accidents, and dangerous occurrences reported each year. The average old age of agricultural machinery is one of the main issues at stake in Italy. Numerous safety problems stem from that; therefore, two surveys were conducted in two different periods, on current levels of work safety in agriculture in relation to agricultural machinery’s age and efficiency, and to show the levels of actual implementation of the Italian legislation on safety and health at work in the agricultural sector. The surveys were carried out, considering a sample of 161 farms located in the region Friuli Venezia Giulia (North-East of Italy). The research highlights the most significant difficulties the sample of farms considered have in enforcing the law. One hand, sanitary surveillance and workers’ information and training represent the main deficiencies and weakest points in family farms. Moreover, family farms do not generally provide the proper documentation concerning health and safety at workplaces, when they award the contract to other companies. On the other hand, lack of maintenance program for machinery and equipment, and of emergency plans and participation of workers’ health and safety representative, are the most common issues in farms with employees. Several difficulties are also evident in planning workers’ training programs. Furthermore, the company physician’s task is often limited to medical controls, so that he is not involved in risk assessment and training. Interviews in heterogeneous samples of farms have shown meaningful outcomes, which have subsequently been used to implement new databases and guidelines for Health and Safety Experts and courses in the field of Work Safety in agriculture. In conclusion, although the legislation making training courses for tractor operators and tractor inspections compulsory dates back to the years 2012 and 2015, deadlines have been prorogued, and the law is not yet fully applied, so that non-upgraded unfit old agricultural machinery is still being used by many workers, putting their health and their own lives at risk.

PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF LABOR PROTECTION IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

In article the author considers the complex of measures of state and municipal occupational health management in institutions of higher education. The article also discusses the main problems of implementing the state policy in the field of labor protection, aimed at preventing industrial injuries and occupational diseases, ensuring the social protection of the workforce and students through the organization of coordinated interaction of subjects of management at all levels, the introduction of economic methods of management, development of social partnership. In this paper the essential theoretical aspects of labour protection in the Russian Federation, the problems of administrative-legal regulation of relations in the sphere of labour protection and the ways of its solution, justifies the author’s position on the subject. The level of effectiveness of the implementation of state management of labor protection in the Russian Federation depends on the dynamics of implementing the system specific security and occupational health aimed at the prevention of accidents, incidents, dangerous occurrences and damage to health. The problem of labour protection in the field of education is one of the topical, as every year in educational institutions of the country injured thousands of children and adolescents, the disabled, dozens of children die from injuries sustained during the educational process. The article may be of interest to researchers, teachers, postgraduates and students of educational institutions of higher education, employees of public administration.

Strategic aspects of cyberattack, attribution, and blame

Cyber conflict is now a common and potentially dangerous occurrence. The target typically faces a strategic choice based on its ability to attribute the attack to a specific perpetrator and whether it has a viable punishment at its disposal. We present a game-theoretic model, in which the best strategic choice for the victim depends on the vulnerability of the attacker, the knowledge level of the victim, payoffs for different outcomes, and the beliefs of each player about their opponent. The resulting blame game allows analysis of four policy-relevant questions: the conditions under which peace (i.e., no attacks) is stable, when attacks should be tolerated, the consequences of asymmetric technical attribution capabilities, and when a mischievous third party or an accident can undermine peace. Numerous historical examples illustrate how the theory applies to cases of cyber or kinetic conflict involving the United States, Russia, China, Japan, North Korea, Estonia, Israel, Iran, and Syria.

The Art of Fear Management for the Betterment of Success

<div><p><em>Fear is common in humans as well as in animals, it stays somewhere in the 5<sup>th</sup> sense of mind which is been stimulated by hormones and cells of the brain, hence brain is the vital tool that generates the fear. Literary meaning for fear is stated as an alert by our brain about the occurrence of danger and predicament. Fear is a regular property of the people those who have desire for living, no age factor or maturity has got to do with it, it applies even to a just born child and to the people of old age.Fear is most common among the theist than the atheist, since faith is source to trigger the fear. The people those who don’t believe in the external force are less in numbers as a victim of fear.It has got a major role to play in one’s success, since the impact of fear will block one’s success and stops them to move forward. In this article I write about how to manage the fear within ourselves which I firmly believe will essentially lead us to unstoppable success.</em></p></div>

The systematic interpretation on the constituent factor of the occurrence of danger in Korean Criminal Act §18

The systematic interpretation on the constituent factor of the occurrence of danger in Korean Criminal Act §18

Ecological Safety and Ecological Heritage in Problems of National Safety

Questions of the analysis of mutually co-ordinated interdisciplinary problems of a heritage of industrial development and maintenance of ecological safety in connection with influence of their factors on national safety state on the basis of the risks concept of dangerous processes occurrence are considered.

The Several Problems of Criminal punishment for Violating the Duty to Rescue under the Seafarers Act

The Seafarers Act was revised on January 6th, 2015 after the sinking of Seweol ferry had made hugh losses of life in 2014. This current Act tightens up on criminal punishment for a captain and seafarers who do not take all the measures necessary to rescue human lives, a ship and cargoes where the ship is in critical danger. Unfortunately, there are several flaws in both the Articles regarding the above-mentioned criminal punishment, per se, and their interpretation. First, Article 161 of the Seafarers Act which criminalizes the violation of the duty to rescue distinguishes the statutory penalty of seafarers from that of a captain; a captain shall be punished by imprisonment for life or for more than three years but seafarers shall be punished by imprisonment for more than three years in case that loss of life results from the violation of the duty to rescue. Although the Act grants a captain more powers and obligations in comparison with seafarers, there should be no difference in determining the duty to rescue between a captain and seafarers when rescue of human lives due to an critical danger is required. Therefore, a captain and seafarers under the above-mentioned situation, like bodily harm or damage to a ship or cargoes due to the violation of the duty of rescue, should be regulated by the same statutory penalties. Second, Article 161 of the Act does not provide criminal responsibility for the captain who does not perform the duty to rescue if there is no casualty or damage to a ship or cargoes while Article 166 of the Act prescribes punishment on seafarers under the same circumstance. Accordingly, this inequality between two provisions causes a significant problem that the captain who leaves the ship or does not take necessary measures for rescue cannot be punished although seafarers leaving the ship or disobeying orders for rescue would be punished. Third, the statutory penalties regarding crimes of violation of the duty rescue are not properly imposed in that the provisions on the crimes do not distinguish intent from negligence. Occurrence of danger to a ship due to negligence, as professional negligence resulting in death or injury, constitutes the crime of escape from a ship under the Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Crimes. However, a person who intentionally causes danger to a ship and harm human life or body, in spite of harsher condemnation, would be punished under the Seafarers Act which provides less penalties than the Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Crimes does. Fourth, the Seafarers Act has a serious problem that its application is limited because the Act without any definition on a ship refers to a ship of the Republic of Korea or a foreign ship chartered on condition that she will acquire Korean registry. Fifth, the Seafarers Act imposes the duty of rescue in case of danger to a ship regardless of negligence. Although imposition of the same obligation might be justified, it is not reasonable to admit the same liability. It might be unconstitutional from the perspective of the principle of liability that a person without any negligence and a person with intent or negligence are criminally punished based on the same criteria.

To the problem of studying the effects of degradation and hazardous natural processes in agricultural lands of Russia

Under discussion are the results of systematization and comprehensive analysis of different literature sources containing the information on degradation and dangerous natural processes at the Asian territory of the Russian Federation. The degradation and adverse natural processes are divided into 3 groups according to their hazard extent: (a) processes oriented to destroy the soils and lands, (b) processes changing the soil cover pattern and leading to degradation of soils and decreasing their fertility; (c) processes deteriorating the land productivity. The assessment is given to show the distribution and dangerous occurrence of degradation and adverse natural processes in the Asian part of Russia (gully erosion, destruction of seashores and banks of water bodies, changes in river channels and floodplains, underground flood, heavy rainfall, flooding). The distribution and dangerous manifestation of adverse processes are highly varying at the studied territory in dependence on peculiar natural-climatic conditions. The paper presents the plans to continue such studies at the territory of European Russia in 1916 and their further development at the total country’s territory within the framework of the project “Transformation, evolution and degradation of soils due to agrogenesis and global climate changes”. The solution of the problem envisaged by this project is of primary importance in order to solve the social-economic tasks and objectives facing the country as well as to strengthen the Institute’s position as a leading centre in the given field of soil science.

Staff-reported strategies for prevention and management of resident-to-resident elder mistreatment in long-term care facilities

ABSTRACTResident-to-resident elder mistreatment (R-REM) in nursing homes is frequent and leads to adverse outcomes. Nursing home staff responses may significantly mitigate R-REM’s impact, but little is known about current practices. The objective was to identify common staff responses to R-REM. The authors interviewed 282 certified nursing assistants (CNAs) in five urban nursing homes on their responses during the previous 2 weeks to R-REM behaviors of residents under their care. Ninety-seven CNAs (34.4%) reported actions responding to R-REM incidents involving 182 residents (10.8%), describing 22 different responses. Most common were physically intervening/separating residents (51), talking calmly to settle residents down (50), no intervention (39), and verbally intervening to defuse the situation (38). Less common were notifying a nurse (13) or documenting in behavior log (4). Nursing home staff report many varied responses to R-REM, a common and dangerous occurrence. CNAs seldom documented behaviors or reported them to nurses.

Workplace injury data reported by occupational physicians and general practitioners.

Accurate workplace injury data are useful in the prioritization of prevention strategies. In the UK, physicians report workplace ill-health data within The Health and Occupation Research (THOR) network, including injury case reports. To compare workplace injury data reported by occupational physicians (OPs) and general practitioners (GPs) to THOR. Injury cases reported by OPs and GPs, reported to THOR between 2006 and 2012 were analysed. Demographics, industrial groups, nature of injury, kind of accident and site of injury were compared. Data on sickness absence for workplace injuries reported by GPs were investigated. In total, 2017 workplace injury cases were reported by OPs and GPs. Males were more likely to sustain a workplace accident than females. Sprains and strains were reported most often, with the upper limbs being affected most frequently. Slips, trips and falls were identified as important causal factors by both OPs and GPs. Psychological injuries also featured in THOR reporting, with a higher proportion reported by OPs (21%) than by GPs (3%). The proportion of people classified as 'unfit' by GPs reduced following the introduction of the 'fit' note. THOR reports returned by OPs and GPs provide a valuable source of information of workplace injury data, and complement other sources of information, such as the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations and the Labour Force Survey.

MOURNING DEATHS AND ENDANGERING LIVES: ETRUSCAN CHARIOT RACING BETWEEN SYMBOL AND REALITY

This paper examines the iconographic and archaeological evidence for chariot racing in Etruria, its context and audience. We then focus on the representation of the chariot crash — a motif pervasive in Etruscan art on a variety of locally-produced artistic media. The incongruous depiction of the most exciting, dangerous and tragic occurrence in the race alongside scenes of banqueting and dancing complicates our understanding of Etruscan tomb painting and of funeral ritual. Images of chariot crashes reveal an Etruscan appreciation for Greek epic, while also reflecting real details of the burial rite and the nature of elite competition.

Design of Automotive Intelligent Preloaded Safety Belt

This paper introduces the significance of automotive safety belt, designs intelligent preloaded safety belt system. The system is made up of early warning sensors, seat belt furl system and core controller based on the MC9S12DP256. This article focuses on the structural optimization and circuit design of the controller. The designed test-bed is able to predict the dangerous occurrence and control the safety belt tightening through processing early warning signal of the sensor, implements the safety belt active preload function and meet the needs of active safety.

The RUSLE erosion index as a proxy indicator for debris flow susceptibility

Debris flows represent dangerous occurrences in many parts of the world. Several disasters are documented due to this type of fast-moving landslides; therefore, natural-hazard assessment of debris flows is crucial for safety of life and property. To this aim, much current work is being directed toward developing geotechnical-hydraulic models for the evaluation of debris flow susceptibility. A common base for such current models is parameterization of background predisposing and triggering factors such as inherent characteristics of geo-materials, topography, landscape and vegetation cover, rainfall regime, human activities, etc. which influence the occurrence of these processes on slopes. The same factors are also taken into account in soil erosion prediction models. Consequently, it seems worth investigating the effectiveness of the soil erosion index as debris flows susceptibility indicator. To this aim, a logistic regression analysis was carried out between the erosion index assessed by means of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and the inventory of debris flows that have occurred in an area in Sicily (Southern Italy). Model assumptions were verified and validated by means of a series of statistical tools. Different possible scenarios were also evaluated by considering hypothetical changes in soil erosion rate under different rain erosivity conditions. Notwithstanding the rough approximations in model data collection, the outcomes appear encouraging.

Hypothermia in the newborn: An exploration of its cause, effect and prevention

According to the World Health Organization ( WHO, 1997 ) a newborn is normothermic when its body temperature is between 36.5°C and 37.5°C with hypothermia considered to be any temperature below this identified spectrum. Neonatal hypothermia is a potentially common and dangerous occurrence related to a number of risk factors categorised as environmental, physiological, behavioural and socioeconomic. Babies delivered by caesarean section are at particular risk of developing hypothermia. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the factors contributing to neonatal hypothermia including the physiology of thermoregulation, mechanisms of thermogenesis and heat loss, and the effects that neonatal hypothermia has on the newborn infant. The paper will also review the interventions, which may be adopted to prevent hypothermia occurring and to identify and intervene to reduce the impact of hypothermia including the effect of skin-to-skin contact as both a preventative and management strategy in neonatal hypothermia.

Logical and probabilistic modelling concerning risk of safe functioning violation of hump yard

When carrying out the technical process of breaking and making up trains as well as accumulating carriages on marshalling sidings plenty of dangerous situations may occur. Some of them can lead to safe functioning violation at a hump yard. One of the criteria of the high-quality hump yard control is identification and assessment of violation risks. The development of logical and probabilistic risk model of safety violation at a hump yard for assessing and determining the hump yard safety level has been considered in the paper. The main types of safe functioning violations at a hump yard have been described. They have been served as the basis for working out possible occurrences and forming logical models of dangerous situations on the way of breaking up and making up trains. The obtained models allow determining probabilities of safety violations on separate sections of the way of breaking up and making up trains and throughout the entire route. Comparing to the existing models, a logical connection of possible dangerous occurrences on different route sections of breaking up and making up trains has been taken into account. Hence, there exists a possibility of estimating the safest (or the most dangerous) route on a hump yard.

Pivotal points in interstitial pregnancy: New insights in conservative medical treatment of non-ruptured interstitial pregnancy

We report the efficacy of a minimally invasive approach of the multidose protocol with methotrexate (MTX) in the management of three cases of interstitial pregnancy (IP), with elevated serum β-hCG in two cases. New considerations and management strategies are discussed. Successful termination of IP and in one case, a subsequent successful pregnancy, was achieved. The process led to the development of an enhanced understanding of diagnostic modalities and their limitations, with regard to the particular entities under discussion. We also focused attention on pivotal points and anatomical features in the management of this dangerous occurrence. Long-term results with careful follow-up were analysed by instrumental procedure. This hazardous type of ectopic pregnancy can be managed with systemic administration of MTX, also in patients with elevated β-hCG values. The present report underlines that an integrated approach in early diagnosis, multidose treatment and close follow-up, are essential forms of medical management.

Hazard Identification & Risk Assesment in New Chassis Assembly Line

Chassis assemblies in any automobile industries are vulnerable to several hazards. In order to reduce the hazards we need to study and carry out Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment in New Chassis assembly to provide engineering solutions for preventing Accidents / dangerous occurrences and to evaluate the Risk. We have conducted many inspections and observation in the chassis assembly of an automobile industry. From our observations and findings we identified nearly 20 intolerable risks in the chassis line, for which the intolerable risks are converted into tolerable through small projects and those which cannot be converted are reduced through Safe Job Procedures (SJP). All the significant risks are controlled by Occupational Health & Safety Management Program, Standard operating procedures & Operation Control Procedure. From the project, the hazard is minimized or eliminated which ensures safety in the assembly line as well as the safety of workers.

Anaphylaxis to Etanercept in Two Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) medications have revolutionized the care of children and adults with chronic arthritis. They are quick acting, highly effective, and remarkably safe, particularly in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Anti-TNFα agents come in 2 basic varieties: monoclonal antibodies to TNFα (e.g., infliximab, adalimumab) and a fusion protein containing a TNF receptor (etanercept). Although hypersensitivity reactions are not uncommon with some of the TNFα antibodies (e.g., infliximab), there are only rare reports of anaphylaxis to subcutaneous injections of etanercept in adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Herein, we report 2 cases of anaphylaxis in children with JIA after etanercept injections. Although rare, pediatricians need to be aware of this potentially dangerous occurrence.

Disease reporting after the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases, and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations (1995) (RIDDOR) is revised

Disease reporting after the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases, and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations (1995) (RIDDOR) is revised

Systemic lupus erythematosus with intracerebral hematoma due to decreased factor XIII activity: A rare association

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a dangerous occurrence in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This may occur due to hypertension, anticoagulation, aneurysmal rupture, and catastrophic anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. Factor XIII is required for stabilizing the fibrin clot. Decreased activity of factor XIII is a relatively rare coagulation abnormality, which may be due to congenital and acquired causes. Acquired causes of this condition are drugs such as isoniazid and phenytoin, liver disease, lymphoproliferative disorders, disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis and autoimmune disease, including SLE. The association of intra-cerebral hematoma in SLE due to decreased activity of factor XIII as its only detectable cause is a rarity in the medical literature. We report a case of SLE with intra-cerebral hemorrhage presenting as headache, found to be due to decreased activity of factor XIII. The activity of factor XIII increased after treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide and there were no further bleeds reported.