Generally, the failure of major machinery parts is due to fatigue damage. Because of the structural inhomogeneity of metals, fatigue damage may sometimes occur significantly below the yield strength of the material due to microplastic deformation at low stress levels. Commercial En-8 grade steel (widely used for making secondary metalworking products) was used to estimate the fatigue damage response during cyclic loading nearer to the fatigue endurance limit. Estimation of fatigue damage was carried out with the aid of a nondestructive testing (NDT) method, that is, Elastosonic measurement of fatigue damping coefficient and slope of fatigue damping curves. Results indicate that fatigue damage increases in annealed En-8 steel with an increase in peak stress and with an increase in the number of cycles. However, for hardened and tempered En-8 steel, experimental results may not provide a true indication of fatigue damage during fatigue loading nearer to the endurance limit, most likely due to the more homogeneous structure. Generally, fatigue failure occurs in this grade of steel due to microcrack generation in the cementite of the pearlite phase of annealed steel.