Wall Damage Research Articles

Machining damage mechanism in end milling of the GH4099 superalloy honeycomb core with ice fixation

Superalloy honeycomb cores have the advantages of high temperature resistance, light weight, and high specific strength, and are widely used in aerospace and defense industries. However, honeycomb cores have thin-walled and porous structural characteristics, the contact state between the tool and the honeycomb wall is variable during cutting, which is prone to machining damage and will adversely affect subsequent assembly and service performance. In this paper, GH4099 superalloy honeycomb core was taken as the research object. First, through the force analysis of the honeycomb wall, the difference of honeycomb wall damage mechanism in end milling without and with ice fixation was revealed. Next, an instantaneous rotation entrance angle analytical model taking into account honeycomb structure, tool size, and cutting parameters was established to characterize the contact state between the tool and the honeycomb wall. Finally, the milling experiment of superalloy honeycomb cores with ice fixation was carried out, and the maximum deformation displacement and damage area were used to quantify the degree of machining damage. The results indicated that the closer the rotation entrance angle is to 180°, or the larger the cutting width, the worse the machining quality of the honeycomb wall. Controlling the rotation entrance angle θREA＜90° and the cutting width ae＜0.80 mm is conducive to enhancing the shearing effect of the cutting edge on the honeycomb wall, which can effectively reduce the machining damage of honeycomb wall, and provide technical guidance for the optimization of low-damage machining processes of thin-walled porous metal materials.

Toward understanding the drilling performance of thermoplastic CF/PEEK and thermoset CF/epoxy composites using special drills

Thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherkrtone (CF/PEEK) and thermoset carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CF/epoxy) composites are being widely applied in aviation and aerospace fields for their excellent performance. To compare the drilling characteristics of two typical carbon fiber reinforced composites under varying feed speeds, drilling experiments were carried out using three different special drills involving twist, brad, and dagger drills. The drilling performance of CF/epoxy and CF/PEEK composites was analyzed in terms of chip morphology, drilling temperature, thrust force, delamination damage, and surface morphology. The results show that CF/PEEK composites produced continuous chips, so that CF/PEEK composites generated higher drilling temperature and thrust force than that of CF/epoxy composites. CF/epoxy composites showed larger delamination damage and poorer machined surface than CF/PEEK composite due to its poor interlaminar toughness. Burrs produced agglomeration and crimping at the hole edges of the CF/PEEK composites due to PEEK resin is softened by heat, matrix plastic deformation. Brad drill revealed fewer burrs and merely a tearing damage at the exit. Dagger drill showed more burrs. The hole wall damage is minimal for brad drill. The results provide guidance for drilling of high quality thermoset and thermoplastic composites.

Influence of bolt dynamic installation on topography characteristics and mechanical behaviors of CFRP interference-fit bolted joints

As the controlled research of Dynamic Installation (DI) and Static Installation (SI), a new interference installation method was developed based on electromagnetic loading to enhance the mechanical properties of composite structures. Four different interference-fit sizes were considered, ranging from a net fit to 2.0%. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the installation resistance and the mechanical behavior of the joint under external loads. Meanwhile, an FEA model to model the stress distribution and damage behavior of the bolt-hole contact interface was established. The load–displacement curve and damage modes of experiments were used to verify the FEA results. The results show that the installation resistance during DI process was remarkably lower than that of SI process corresponding to all interference-fit sizes, and the stress amplitudes induced by interference were larger and widely distributed. The damage of the hole wall was positively correlated with interference fit size, but DI can significantly reduce the damage compared to SI. In performance tests, DI enhanced the static bearing capacity and extended longer fatigue life of the joints than SI. DI methods can be an effective way to achieve highly reliable interference joints in composite structures.

Calcium ions enhanced freeze-drying and spray-drying resistance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LIP-1 by regulation of cell wall surface proteins and related enzymes expression

The cell wall of lactic acid bacteria maintain the osmotic pressure inside and outside the cell as well as the inherent morphology of the strain. During the drying process, cell wall is the first site to be damaged. Still, little research has been done to reduce the damage of cell wall during the drying process. Therefore, this study explored the protective effect of calcium ions (Ca2+) on the cell wall of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LIP-1 during freeze- and spray-drying. Furthermore, the mechanism behind the improved stress resistance of bacteria due to Ca2+ has also been investigated. The results showed that addition of 0.50 mmol/L Ca2+ to the culture medium significantly improved the freeze-drying and spray-drying survival rates of the strain (P < 0.05). It was found that Ca2+ significantly increases the content of surface proteins. Due to the enhanced cell wall proteinase (CEP) activity, the surface proteins are anchored to the cell wall, thereby reducing the cell wall damage in strain during the drying process and improving survival rate during drying and increasing storage stability at room temperature.

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles and Stressors Generate Synergistic Growth Inhibition in Candida Species through Cell Wall Damage, Osmotic Stress, and Oxidative Stress.

The need to combat and reduce the incidence, virulence, and drug resistance of species belonging to Candida genus, has led to the development of new strategies. Nanotechnology, through the implementation of nanomaterials, has emerged as an infallible tool to treat various diseases caused by pathogens, where its mechanisms of action prevent the development of undesirable pharmacological resistance. The antifungal activity and adjuvant properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles in different Candida species (C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. albicans) are evaluated. The biogenic metallic nanoparticles were developed by quercetin-mediated biological synthesis. The physicochemical properties were studied by light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, UV-vis and infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The elucidation of mechanisms of antifungal action was carried out under stress conditions in Candida species at the cell wall and response to oxidative stress. Small silver nanoparticles (≈ 16.18 nm) with irregular morphology, and negative surface electrical charge (≈ -48.99 mV), were obtained through quercetin-mediated biosynthesis. Infrared spectra showed that the surface of silver nanoparticles is functionalized with the quercetin molecule. The antifungal activity of biogenic nanoparticles had efficacy in the following trend C. glabrata ≥ C. parapsilosis > C. albicans. Biogenic nanoparticles and stressors showed synergistic and potentiated antifungal effects through cell damage, osmotic stress, cell wall damage, and oxidative stress. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by quercetin-mediated biosynthesis could be implemented as a powerful adjuvant agent to enhance the inhibition effects of diverse compounds over different Candida species.

Does preoperative silodosin administration facilitate ureteral dilatation during flexible ureterorenoscopy? A randomized clinical trial

PurposeTo assess whether preoperative administration of silodosin can facilitate the placement of ureteral access sheath (UAS) prior to flexible ureteroscopy (F-URS) and reduce the occurrence of ureteric injury in challenging cases.MethodsThis prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out on 147 patients diagnosed with upper ureteric stone or stone kidney, non-stented. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A (silodosin group) included patients in whom F-URS was done with daily preoperative intake of 8 mg silodosin for 1 week and group B (placebo/control group) included patients in whom F-URS was done with daily preoperative intake of placebo tablets.ResultsIn group A, a total of 23 (33.3%) experienced ureteral wall injury following UAS insertion, while in group B, this occurred in 40 patients (59.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in the grade of ureteral wall injury between the two groups (P < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, age, operative time and silodosin were found to be significant risk factors for ureteral wall injury (P = 0.007, 0.041 and < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThe administration of silodosin prior to retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) effectively prevented significant ureteral wall damage and reduced initial postoperative discomfort.

Along- and across-strike variation of damage zone parameters in the Kornos-Aghios Ioannis normal fault, Lemnos Island, Greece

The Kornos-Aghios Ioannis Fault (KAIF) is an extensional fault system that deformed Lower Miocene volcanic rocks and Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene turbidite sandstones at shallow depth (<1 km). The fault system is exposed for about 10 km and consists of two major NW-SE-striking segments connected by an E-W-striking one. This structural architecture provides the opportunity to study the variation of damage zone parameters (i.e., damage zone width, fracture density, attitude of deformation structures, and fracture connectivity) in wall, tip and intersecting damage zones. The >122 m wide tip damage zone has a width greater than the wall and intersecting damage zones (72.6 and 50.9m, respectively) and exhibits the highest average fracture density recognized along the entire KAIF. In tip and intersecting damage zones, damage structures exhibit a larger azimuthal variability and hence a greater fracture connectivity (average number of connections per branch (CB) 1.60 and 1.53, respectively) compared to wall damage zones (average CB value 0.88). Accordingly, significant along-strike variations of damage zone parameters occur in the absence of a clear dependence on fault displacement. Particularly, fault intersections and tip regions represent areas of enhanced secondary permeability potentially controlling fluid circulation in the subsurface.

Instability of molten beryllium layers during ITER thermal quenches

The production and dynamics of beryllium melt pools are simulated in conditions relevant to unmitigated thermal quenches in ITER. Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities fed by Lorentz forces due to induced eddy currents are found to result in significant material losses from droplet ejection, corresponding to equivalent eroded depths up to 500 μm. Different thermal and electromagnetic loading scenarios are investigated, demonstrating a strong dependence of wall damage on the intensity of the heat and current pulses. The contribution of convection flows stemming from surface tension gradients along the plasma–liquid interface is also elucidated.

Intracarotid Infusion of Redox-Active Manganese Porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, following Reperfusion Improves Long-Term, 28-Day Post-Stroke Outcomes in Rats.

Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy, combined with a tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), is efficacious as a standard care for qualifying ischemic stroke patients. However, > 50% of thrombectomy patients still have poor outcomes. Manganese porphyrins, commonly known as mimics of superoxide dismutases, are potent redox-active catalytic compounds that decrease oxidative/nitrosative stress and in turn decrease inflammatory responses, mitigating therefore the secondary injury of the ischemic brain. This study investigates the effect of intracarotid MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001) administration on long-term, 28-day post-stroke recovery in a clinically relevant setting. The 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in young, aged, male, female, and spontaneous hypertension rats. All physiological parameters, including blood pressure, blood gas, glucose, and temperature, were well controlled during ischemia. Either BMX-001 or a vehicle solution was infused through the carotid artery immediately after the removal of filament, mimicking endovascular thrombectomy, and was followed by 7 days of subcutaneous injection. Neurologic deficits and infarct volume were assessed at 28 days in a blinded manner. The effects of BMX-001 on the carotid arterial wall and blood-brain barrier permeability and its interaction with t-PA were assessed in normal rats. There were no intra-group differences in physiological variables. BMX-001-treated stroke rats regained body weight earlier, performed better in behavioral tests, and had smaller brain infarct size compared to the vehicle-treated group. No vascular wall damage and blood-brain barrier permeability changes were detected after the BMX-001 infusion. There was no drug interaction between BMX-001 and t-PA. Intracarotid BMX-001 infusion was safe, and it significantly improved stroke outcomes in rats. These findings indicate that BMX-001 is a candidate drug as an adjunct treatment for thrombectomy procedure to further improve the neurologic outcomes of thrombectomy patients. This study warrants further clinical investigation of BMX-001 as a new stroke therapy.

Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Redox-Active Nanoparticles.

Cold argon plasma (CAP) and metal oxide nanoparticles are well known antimicrobial agents. In the current study, on an example of Escherichia coli, a series of analyses was performed to assess the antibacterial action of the combination of these agents and to evaluate the possibility of using cerium oxide and cerium fluoride nanoparticles for a combined treatment of bacterial diseases. The joint effect of the combination of cold argon plasma and several metal oxide and fluoride nanoparticles (CeO2, CeF3, WO3) was investigated on a model of E. coli colony growth on agar plates. The mutagenic effect of different CAP and nanoparticle combinations on bacterial DNA was investigated, by means of a blue-white colony assay and RAPD-PCR. The effect on cell wall damage, using atomic force microscopy, was also studied. The results obtained demonstrate that the combination of CAP and redox-active metal oxide nanoparticles (RAMON) effectively inhibits bacterial growth, providing a synergistic antimicrobial effect exceeding that of any of the agents alone. The combination of CAP and CeF3 was shown to be the most effective mutagen against plasmid DNA, and the combination of CAP and WO3 was the most effective against bacterial genomic DNA. The analysis of direct cell wall damage by atomic force microscopy showed the combination of CAP and CeF3 to be the most effective antimicrobial agent. The combination of CAP and redox-active metal oxide or metal fluoride nanoparticles has a strong synergistic antimicrobial effect on bacterial growth, resulting in plasmid and genomic DNA damage and cell wall damage. For the first time, a strong antimicrobial and DNA-damaging effect of CeF3 nanoparticles has been demonstrated.

Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 Strain: Probiotic Properties and Anti-Salmonella Effect with Prebiotics.

The Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 (LS7247) strain, originally isolated from a healthy woman's intestines and reproductive system, has been studied for its probiotic potential, particularly against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) as well as its potential use in synbiotics. LS7247 showed high tolerance to gastric and intestinal stress and effectively adhered to human and animal enterocyte monolayers, essential for realizing its probiotic properties. LS7247 showed high anti-Salmonella activity. Additionally, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) of LS7247 exhibited anti-Salmonella activity, with a partial reduction upon neutralization with NaOH (p < 0.05), suggesting the presence of anti-Salmonella factors such as lactic acid (LA) and bacteriocins. LS7247 produced a high concentration of LA, reaching 124.0 ± 2.5 mM after 48 h of cultivation. Unique gene clusters in the genome of LS7247 contribute to the production of Enterolysin A and metalloendopeptidase. Notably, LS7247 carries a plasmid with a gene cluster identical to human intestinal strain L. salivarius UCC118, responsible for class IIb bacteriocin synthesis, and a gene cluster identical to porcine strain L. salivarius P1ACE3, responsible for nisin S synthesis. Co-cultivation of LS7247 with SE and ST pathogens reduced their viability by 1.0-1.5 log, attributed to cell wall damage and ATP leakage caused by the CFS. For the first time, the CFS of LS7247 has been shown to inhibit adhesion of SE and ST to human and animal enterocytes (p < 0.01). The combination of Actigen prebiotic and the CFS of LS7247 demonstrated a significant combined effect in inhibiting the adhesion of SE and ST to human and animal enterocytes (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the potential of using the LS7247 as a preventive strategy and employing probiotics and synbiotics to combat the prevalence of salmonellosis in animals and humans caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of SE and ST pathogens.

On the Question of the Sign of Size Effects in the Elastic Behavior of Foams

Due to their good ratio of stiffness and strength to weight, foam materials find use in lightweight engineering. Though, in many applications like structural bending or tension, the scale separation between macroscopic structure and the foam’s mesostructure like cells size, is relatively weak and the mechanical properties of the foam appear to be size dependent. Positive as well as negative size effects have been observed for certain basic tests of foams, i.e., the material appears either to be more compliant or stiffer than would be expected from larger specimens. Performing tests with sufficiently small specimens is challenging as any disturbances from damage of cell walls during sample preparation or from loading devices must be avoided. Correspondingly, the number of respective data in literature is relatively low and the results are partly contradictory.In order to avoid the problems from sample preparation or bearings, the present study employs virtual tests with CT data of real medium-density ceramic foams. A number of samples of different size is “cut” from the resulting voxel data. Subsequently, the apparent elastic properties of each virtual sample are “measured” directly by a free vibrational analysis using finite cell method, thereby avoiding any disturbances from load application or bearings. The results exhibit a large scatter of the apparent moduli per sample size, but with a clear negative size effect in all investigated basic modes of deformation (bending, torsion, uniaxial). Finally, the results are compared qualitatively and quantitatively to available experimental data from literature, yielding common trends as well as open questions.

Investigation of the acetic acid stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutated H3 residues.

Enhanced levels of acetic acid reduce the activity of yeast strains employed for industrial fermentation-based applications. Therefore, unraveling the genetic factors underlying the regulation of the tolerance and sensitivity of yeast towards acetic acid is imperative for optimising various industrial processes. In this communication, we have attempted to decipher the acetic acid stress response of the previously reported acetic acid-sensitive histone mutants. Revalidation using spot-test assays and growth curves revealed that five of these mutants, viz., H3K18Q, H3S28A, H3K42Q, H3Q68A, and H3F104A, are most sensitive towards the tested acetic acid concentrations. These mutants demonstrated enhanced acetic acid stress response as evidenced by the increased expression levels of AIF1, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, chromatin fragmentation, and aggregated actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, the mutants exhibited active cell wall damage response upon acetic acid treatment, as demonstrated by increased Slt2-phosphorylation and expression of cell wall integrity genes. Interestingly, the mutants demonstrated increased sensitivity to cell wall stress-causing agents. Finally, screening of histone H3 N-terminal tail truncation mutants revealed that the tail truncations exhibit general sensitivity to acetic acid stress. Some of these N-terminal tail truncation mutants viz., H3 [del 1-24], H3 [del 1-28], H3 [del 9-24], and H3 [del 25-36] are also sensitive to cell wall stress agents such as Congo red and caffeine suggesting that their enhanced acetic acid sensitivity may be due to cell wall stress induced by acetic acid.

Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale to determine ureteral wall damage, not so easy to employ

ObjectiveTo analyze the level of agreement of the Post-Ureteroscopy Lesion Scale (PULS) and the consequences on its application in clinical practice with more reliable statistical data than the one used in the original work. Methods14 URS and 14 micro-URS were performed in 14 female porcine model. All the procedures were video recorded and an anatomopathological analysis was performed in each ureter. Sixteen urologists (9 endourologists and 7 general urologists) and 4 residents evaluated the ureteral lesions according to the PULS, with degrees 0, 1 and ≥2. The agreement was calculated with percentages, Kendall’s W coefficient and the indicators Fleiss’ Kappa and Krippendorff’s Alpha, while the inter-rater agreement was calculated with Spearman’s correlation and Cohen’s Kappa. ResultsThe percent of agreement was 11.1%. The coefficients were likewise classified as low or very low, with the greatest agreement found among the inexperienced. Also, 50% of the raters did not agree with the rest. ConclusionsThe low inter-rater agreement, the specificity of the PULS and the clinical-pathological correlation suggests that this scale is not simple, and probably has a long learning curve.

Evaluation of engineering demand parameters for seismic analyses of CLT-glulam hybrid structures

By bracing glulam frames with cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear walls, CLT-glulam hybrid structures offer a promising solution for multi-story timber construction. This paper presents an assessment of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) for seismic analyses of such hybrid structures. Five EDPs were considered, including the commonly used maximum inter-story drift ratios (MaxISDRs), peak floor accelerations (PFAs), and maximum roof drift ratios (MaxRDRs), as well as two newly developed EDPs named maximum connection damage index (MaxCDI) and maximum inter-story CLT shear wall damage index (MaxISWDI). The EDPs were assessed through nonlinear time-history analyses (NLTHAs) on 12 prototype CLT-glulam hybrid structures with different building heights, construction types of CLT shear wall subsystems (platform or balloon), and inter-story configurations of CLT shear walls. The MaxCDI was then employed as the benchmark EDP to evaluate the effectiveness of the other four EDPs in capturing structural damage. The results showed that the connection damage of glulam frame subsystems was limited during major earthquakes, and the construction type of CLT shear wall subsystems had a significant impact on the connection damage of CLT shear wall subsystems. The MaxISDR performed well in characterizing damage to glulam frame subsystems, while it could not reflect damage to CLT shear wall subsystems given that the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the MaxISDR and the MaxCDI of CLT shear wall subsystems only reached −0.07. The MaxISWDI was capable of quantifying connection damage of CLT shear wall subsystems, with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.87.

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of a Gunshot Fragment Wound of the Heart with a Threat of Coronary Artery Perforation

Each case of fragment heart damage is unique and requires careful preparation for surgical intervention. Complexity of such operations is explained by the probability of unwanted complications associated with technical measures and aimed at extracting fragments of the most diverse localization.&#x0D; The aim. To demonstrate the possibilities of effective diagnosis and optimal surgical treatment of a gunshot fragment wound of the heart with the threat of coronary artery perforation.&#x0D; Material and methods. The article presents a case of diagnosis and surgical treatment of a fragment heart damage with intramyocardial damage of the left ventricular wall with localization under the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery with the threat of its perforation. One day has passed since a mine blast injury. Diagnosis was based on the use of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) and coronary angiography.&#x0D; Results. During the diagnostic process, the need to use a CT scan with mandatory contrast media arose, which made it possible to confirm the presence of a fragment in the immediate vicinity of the coronary artery. Coronarography provided additional information which revealed contact of the fragment with the coronary artery with the threat of its perforation. Immediate surgery with artificial blood circulation with stepwise application of magnets of increasing power allowed safe removal of the fragment, avoiding damage to the coronary artery.&#x0D; Conclusions. The most accurate topical diagnosis of fragment localization in heart damage requires CT diagnosis with mandatory contrast media and, if possible, with 3D reconstruction, which allows for surgical intervention with a minimal risk of intraoperative complications. Location of the fragments near the coronary vessels may threaten their damaging during removal and requires careful manipulation to prevent injury to the heart vessels. Detection and removal of sharp fragments located near the coronary vessels require stepwise application of magnets of increasing power to bring the fragment to a safe zone with its subsequent extraction.

Influence of Plant-Based Diet on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review.

A plant-based diet (PBD) includes multiple dietary patterns such as vegetarianism, veganism, lacto-ovo-vegetarianism, etc. A well-balanced PBD has positive effects on body mass index, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, and it is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Due to its high fiber content, which lowers levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high antioxidant content, which prevents capillary wall damage; the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have an anti-inflammatory effect, improvement in glucose homeostasis through improved insulin sensitivity, and impact on the gut microbiota, it has been proven to be beneficial for the heart. Despite their possible benefits, PBDs can be low in essential nutrients such as vitamin B12, zinc, vitamin D, iodine, and amino acids. This review aims to analyze the influence of PBDs on the cardiovascular system and associated disease progression.

Is Sliding Compression Necessary for Intramedullary Nailing Fixation of AO/OTA Type A3.3 Intertrochanteric Fracture?

The intramedullary nail is considered the gold standard for treating AO/OTA type A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures. However, it still faces a significant rate of failure, mainly due to the critical factor of comminuted lateral wall defects leading to inadequate proximal sliding compression. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the requirement of sliding compression in the treatment of unstable AO/OTA type A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures. To achieve this, we conduct a comparative analysis between two approaches: InterTAN alone and proximal femoral anti-rotation blade nailing (PFNA) combined with lateral wall reconstruction for treating AO/OTA type A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures with lateral wall damage. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent intramedullary nailing fixation for AO/OTA type A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures at our hospital from January 2012 to January 2022. Patient characteristics as well as treatment details, including operative time, intraoperative blood loss, weight-bearing time, fracture healing time, tip apex distance (TAD) loss, Harris hip scores (HHS), Parker-Palmer mobility score (PPMS), and postoperative complications, were collected and analyzed. Continuous variables were analyzed using independent sample t-tests, while categorical variables were examined using the chi-square test. For group comparisons, variance analysis was applied, and pairwise comparisons were conducted using the LSD-t test. These patients were divided into PFNA combined with lateral wall reconstruction group (sliding compression group) and InterTAN fixation group (static fixation group) based on surgical methods. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding loss, HHS at 12 months and PPMS at 12 months in the sliding compression group were significantly higher than those in the static fixation group, and time to weight-bearing and fracture healing time were significantly lower than those in the static fixation group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of the TAD at 2 days, 2, and 12 months postoperatively, the incidence of complications (p > 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, femoral neck length was shortened compared to 2 days postoperatively in both groups, and the sliding compression group had a significantly greater degree of femoral neck shortening than the static fixation group (p < 0.05). The use of PFNA with lateral wall reconstruction for A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures demonstrated superior mobility, efficiency, and reduced internal fixation failure rates compared to InterTAN. These findings suggest that sliding compression may be required for intramedullary nailing treatment.

P09 A catastrophic decline: a significant skin rash in a patient presenting with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome

P09 A catastrophic decline: a significant skin rash in a patient presenting with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome

Interaction and linkage of basin-boundary fault segments control deformation bands distribution and damage zone permeability

Analyzing the factors that affect the fault damage zone parameters and the impact of deformation on host rock permeability is fundamental for predicting the fluid flow behavior in subsurface reservoirs. This study combines 3D seismic data with field-based structural and petrophysical analyses to determine the influence of a basin-boundary fault geometry on (1) the damage zone thickness, (2) the spatial distribution of deformation bands, and (3) the damage zone permeability. Seismic interpretation and outcrop investigation on the Portalegre Fault, NE Brazil, revealed complexity in the boundary fault geometry and subsidiary structures. The boundary fault exhibits significant local variation in its strike (from N45°E up to N85°), while minor faults and deformation bands establish cross-cutting relationships with NW–SE-oriented structures, displacing NE–SW- and E–W-oriented structures. By analyzing deformation bands frequency, we identified the presence of three subsequent fault damage zones, totaling approximately 275 m in width. The first damage zone was developed near the basin-bounding Portalegre Fault, and secondary rift faults developed the other two damage zones during breaching and segment overlap. We observed that the permeability distribution recorded successive increases and decreases as we moved away from one fault and approached another. This structural and petrophysical complexity led us to interpret this fault damage zone as a linking damage zone. These observed patterns contrast with the structural and petrophysical behavior of a wall damage zone, wherein the frequency of subseismic structures decreases and permeability increases with distance from the fault. Thus, our study highlights the effect of fault tip interaction and linkage on the distribution of deformation bands and permeability, clarifying aspects related to structural heterogeneities of siliciclastic reservoirs affected by faults.