Dairy Chain Research Articles

Dairy Chain Safety in the Context of Antibiotic Residues—Current Status of Confirmatory Liquid Chromatography Methods: A Review

With ever-developing analytical capabilities, the protection of the dairy chain from contamination by residues of veterinary drugs is improving. Legislative requirements are an inherent part of this process. Of antibiotics in dairy farming, representatives of the beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, (fluoro)quinolones, aminoglycosides, or polypeptide antibiotics are the most widely used. Due to the typically low levels of antibiotic residues in milk, mass spectrometry is the most commonly used detection technique. However, the interference of the sample matrix is one of its main limiting factors, and therefore, it needs to be eliminated. In the first step, the lipid fraction is removed and proteins are precipitated, followed by solid-phase or liquid–liquid extraction. The current trends include the reduction in the consumption of organic solvents (to reduce occupational hazards and burden to the environment) and automation, eliminating the influence of human error and optimizing the workflow. These trends lead to the development of new microextraction and automated techniques as well as the use of new sorbents and/or (green) solvents of natural origin. To capture the latest developments in the field and the relatively recent aforementioned trends, this review focuses on papers investigating antimicrobial residues in milk that were published between 2015 and 2024, providing an overview of emerging techniques applicable to antibiotic residue detection in milk samples.

PROPOSAL FOR THE CREATION OF CARBON CREDIT MINI-MARKETS CONSIDERING ORGANIZATIONS’ SUPPLY CHAINS

Discussions about reducing carbon emissions typically focus on large emitters while small and medium-sized organizations are outside this scope. The aim of this work is to propose the creation of mini-markets for carbon credits in chains of organizations to include small and medium-sized organizations, integrating urban and rural areas in the same region, offering an important contribution to smart and sustainable cities. The research took the meat and dairy chains as a reference and conducted a brief case study in two organizations. The result is a governance model that includes small and medium-sized organizations in the context of reducing emissions and generating benefits. This research can be extended to other chains and allows for compensation between companies in the same segment. A segment can be a production chain or a group of urban and rural organizations in the same region. The proposed principle is that initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by region contribute to better overall governance of such initiatives, as the materialization of projects and results becomes more agile and effective.

Effect of ripening time on the content of bioactive peptides and fatty acids profile of Artisanal Coalho cheese.

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of ripening on the physicochemical, microbiological aspects, and fatty acid profile of Artisanal Coalho Cheeses and to detect if there are peptides with bioactive potential in their composition. Artisanal Coalho Cheese samples were kindly provided by a dairy farm located in Brazil in the Rio Grande do Norte state. A completely randomized design was adopted, with four maturation periods (0, 30, 45, and 60 days). Physicochemical traits (pH, total solids, moisture, non-fat solids, fat in total solids, protein, ash, fatty acid profile) and microbiological characterization (Salmonella sp, Listeria monocytogenes, total and thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus) were analyzed on cheese samples. Additionally, assays were performed for antioxidant and antihypertensive bioactivity through ACE and antimicrobial inhibition of the peptides extracted from the samples. There was a linear increase in total solids and ash content and a decrease in moisture content with increasing maturation time. The matured cheese samples had a lower pH than fresh Artisanal Coalho Cheese. Twenty-seven fatty acids were identified in the cheeses: 15 saturated, 07 monounsaturated, and 05 polyunsaturated, with a linear reduction of essential fatty acids (n6 and n3) during maturation. The microbiological quality of the cheeses was satisfactory, with an absence of undesirable bacteria in 92% of the cheese samples. Water-soluble peptide fractions from all periods tested showed antioxidant and antihypertensive potential with ACE control, and the maturation process potentiated these capacities, with a decline in these activities observed at 60 days. The antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria increased with maturation, reaching better results until 60 days. The maturation process on wooden planks in the periods of 30, 45, and 60 days allows the production of Artisanal Coalho Cheese of an innovative character, safe to consumers from the microbiological point of view, with differentiated physicochemical and functional characteristics and good quality of lipid fraction compared to fresh cheese, enabling the addition of value to the dairy chain.

How to Improve Surveillance Program for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC): Gap Analysis and Pilot Study.

Several pathotypes of enteric E. coli have been identified. The group represented by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is of particular interest. Raw milk and raw milk products are significant sources of STEC infection in humans; therefore, identifying pathogens at the herd level is crucial for public health. Most national surveillance programs focus solely on raw milk and raw milk cheeses that are ready for retail sale, neglecting the possibility of evaluating the source of contamination directly at the beginning of the dairy chain. To assess the viability of the application of new molecular methodologies to STEC identification in raw milk filters and in calf feces, we analyzed 290 samples from 18 different dairy herds, including 88 bulk tank milk (BTM), 104 raw milk filters (RMF), and 98 calf feces samples. In total 3.4% of BTM, 41.4% of RMF, and 73.4% of calves' feces were positive for stx, supporting our hypothesis that BTM is not a suitable matrix to assess the presence of STEC at herd level, underestimating it. Our conclusion is that the surveillance program needs critical and extensive improvements such as RMF and calves' feces analysis implementation to be more efficient in detecting and preventing STEC infections. The epidemiology of these infections and the characteristics of the pathogen clearly show how a One Health approach will be pivotal in improving our capabilities to control the spread of these infections.

Comparison of 3 mathematical models to estimate lactation performance in dairy cows

Milk yield dynamics and production performance reflect how dairy cows cope with their environment. To optimize farm management, time series of individual cow milk yield have been studied in the context of precision livestock farming, and many mathematical models have been proposed to translate raw data into useful information for the stakeholders of the dairy chain. To gain better insights on the topic, this study aimed at comparing 3 recent methods that allow one to estimate individual cow potential lactation performance, using daily data recorded by the automatic milking systems of 14 dairy farms (7 Holstein, 7 Italian Simmental) from Belgium, the Netherlands, and Italy. An iterative Wood model (IW), a perturbed lactation model (PLM), and a quantile regression (QR) were compared in terms of estimated total unperturbed (i.e., expected) milk production and estimated total milk loss (relative to unperturbed yield). The IW and PLM can also be used to identify perturbations of the lactation curve and were thus compared in this regard. The outcome of this study may help a given end-user in choosing the most appropriate method according to their specific requirements. If there is a specific interest in the post-peak lactation phase, IW can be the best option. If one wants to accurately describe the perturbations of the lactation curve, PLM can be the most suitable method. If there is need for a fast and easy approach on a very large dataset, QR can be the choice. Finally, as an example of application, PLM was used to analyze the effect of cow parity, calving season, and breed on their estimated lactation performance.

Diffusion of knowledge in the family milk production chain in the state of Rio de Janeiro

The milk food production chain is present throughout the country and has undergone many changes over time. It is extremely important to know and understand the current scenario of milk production, identifying the potential, limits and needs of this sector. The aim of this work is to research the family milk production chain in the state of Rio de Janeiro and analyze the actions taken to disseminate knowledge to small producers and the processes that could be optimized in terms of management and communication. The methodological approach used in this work is qualitative, bibliographical and exploratory. As this research is linked to the field of management, the qualitative approach was chosen because it is considered the most appropriate for understanding the subject. It is exploratory because it set out to research the family dairy chain, its characteristics, the state of the art and the diffusion and dissemination of knowledge. It was concluded that there is a need for training and capacity building in the face of the growing amount of information and knowledge that needs to be managed between the different players in the production process.

Propuesta de ecosistema de innovación parala cadena láctea en américa latina

The objective of this paper is to propose an innovation ecosystem, in accordance with the characteristics of the dairy chain in the Latin American context. This research is based on a descriptive study through the analysis of literature on research trends in the dairy chain, the analysis of some sources and barriers to innovation, and the identification of the activities, indicators and agents that support the ecosystem proposal. As a result, an innovation ecosystem is presented for the dairy chain that contemplates the interaction between different internal and external organizations, and that facilitates the diffusion and adoption of innovations throughout the chain.

Enhancing dairy sustainability: Rheological, sensory, and physical-chemical properties of low-fat fermented beverages incorporating buttermilk

Buttermilk is a co-product of butter manufacturing, possessing techno-functional, nutritional, and functional properties. However, it is often discarded or underutilized by the dairy industry, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to develop five formulations of low-fat fermented dairy beverages by varying the ratios of skim milk and buttermilk: F1 (100 % skim milk); F2 (75 % skim milk, 25 % buttermilk); F3 (50 % skim milk, 50 % buttermilk); F4 (25 % skim milk, 75 % buttermilk); and F5 (100 % buttermilk). These formulations underwent analyses for centesimal composition, pH, syneresis, water holding capacity, microbiology, rheology, and sensory evaluation. The substitution of milk with buttermilk did not impact the centesimal composition and pH (pH‾=4.48) of the beverages. Furthermore, the inclusion of 25 % buttermilk reduced whey separation by ∼3 % on the day of production and increased the water holding capacity from 58.89 % to 62.72 % of the beverages during 16 days of storage. All formulations presented non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour and apparent viscosity at 50 s−1 from 0.85 to 1.17 Pa s (at 5 °C) and 0.57–0.98 Pa s (at 25 °C). F4 and F5 presented lower gel strength compared to the other treatments. Among the formulations, F3 demonstrated favorable acceptance (global impression = 7.47) and a positive inclination towards the purchase (2.27), with no significant difference from the sample containing 100 % milk (F1). However, the Rate-All-That-Apply test revealed that sensory attributes characteristics of butter, such as flavour, aroma, and greasiness, negatively affected the acceptance of beverages with higher concentrations of buttermilk (F4 and F5). Consequently, utilizing buttermilk as a partial substitute (≤50 %) for milk proved to be a viable alternative to produce nutritious, sensory-pleasing, and cost-effective food items, thereby bolstering the bio-economy in the dairy chain.

Exploring the use of NIR and Raman spectroscopy for the prediction of quality traits in PDO cheeses.

The aims of this proof of principle study were to compare two different chemometric approaches using a Bayesian method, Partial Least Square (PLS) and PLS-discriminant analysis (DA), for the prediction of the chemical composition and texture properties of the Grana Padano (GP) and Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) PDO cheeses by using NIR and Raman spectra and quantify their ability to distinguish between the two PDO and among their ripening periods. For each dairy chain consortium, 9 cheese samples from 3 dairy industries were collected for a total of 18 cheese samples. Three seasoning times were chosen for each dairy industry: 12, 20, and 36 months for GP and 12, 24, and 36 months for PR. A portable NIR instrument (spectral range: 950-1,650 nm) was used on 3 selected spots on the paste of each cheese sample, for a total of 54 spectra collected. An Alpha300 R confocal Raman microscope was used to collect 10 individual spectra for each cheese sample in each spot for a total of 540 Raman spectra collected. After the detection of eventual outliers, the spectra were also concatenated together (NIR + Raman). All the cheese samples were assessed in terms of chemical composition and texture properties following the official reference methods. A Bayesian approach and PLS-DA were applied to the NIR, Raman, and fused spectra to predict the PDO type and seasoning time. The PLS-DA reached the best performances, with 100% correctly identified PDO type using Raman only. The fusion of the data improved the results in 60% of the cases with the Bayesian and of 40% with the PLS-DA approach. A Bayesian approach and a PLS procedure were applied to the NIR, Raman, and fused spectra to predict the chemical composition of the cheese samples and their texture properties. In this case, the best performance in validation was reached with the Bayesian method on Raman spectra for fat (R2VAL = 0.74). The fusion of the data was not always helpful in improving the prediction accuracy. Given the limitations associated with our sample set, future studies will expand the sample size and incorporate diverse PDO cheeses.

Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) on Dairy Farms: A One Health Case Study from Punjab, India

Abstract This case study explores the antimicrobial usage (AMU) practices on Punjab’s dairy farms, aiming to address the challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through collaborative efforts. It uncovers diverse AMU practices contributing to misuse, particularly on farm management-related diseases, such as mastitis, reproductive disorders, diarrhoeal diseases, and blood parasite infections. Some animal farms displayed high AMU levels of ‘critical importance’ category antibiotics, as per the World Health Organization. Additionally, some farmers exhibited inadequate knowledge and understanding of the importance of completing adequate antimicrobial therapy courses. The key risk factors for incorrect AMU include lack of awareness among the informal animal health service providers (without formal education/qualification), over-the-counter access of antibiotics, self-treatment practices by the farmers, and limited understanding of AMR’s public health implications. The study undertook a series of initiatives to combat AMR, including subject awareness workshops, biosecurity awareness activities comprising proper disposal of farm waste, and workshops for veterinarians, para-veterinarians, and farmers, sensitizing about AMR’s adverse consequences. Recommendations include enhancing access to qualified veterinarians, discouraging reliance on unauthorized practitioners, enhancing diagnostic capabilities, and providing technical support for disease prevention. Establishing AMU and AMR surveillance systems is essential for informed decision-making. Collaborative efforts are vital to raise awareness, promote responsible AMU, and ensure animal and public health security. These joint actions among dairy chain stakeholders are imperative to combat AMR and foster sustainable dairy production while protecting animal and human health. Information © The Authors 2023

Trust and reciprocity norms in the analysis of social capital related to udder health. A mixed methods approach with dairy farmers and veterinarians from the north of Antioquia.

Understanding trust between dairy farmers and other actors in the dairy chain, as well as the reciprocity norms among them are fundamental to encouraging collective action and decision-making to improve milk production and udder health. The objective of this study was to understand the relationships of trust between dairy farmers and other actors in the dairy chain related to udder health in the north of Antioquia. Mixed methods (cross-sectional and grounded theory) with a convergent triangulation design were used. A total of 216 dairy farmers participated in the quantitative component, and 17 dairy farmers and 9 veterinarians in the qualitative component, they were located in 9 milk-producing municipalities in the north of Antioquia. A characterization survey of the dairy farmers, a survey on reliability and udder health, an analysis of each farm's annual average BTSCC and CFU, and semi-structured interviews on the same topic were conducted. Problems were found in the biological indicators of udder health on the farms: BTSCC was poor for 67% of the dairy farmers, and CFU was poor for 22% of the dairy farmers. Veterinarians are the actors whom dairy farmers trust the most. Trust in dairy chain actors is complex, variable, and depends on many aspects. Trust representation, Socio-cultural Factors, Economic and Commercial Factors, Labor, Clinical and Laboratory Conditions of Milk, and Norms of Reciprocity constitute the categories of analysis when theorizing about trust and udder health. Each of the theoretical and emerging categories in this study describes actors, attitudes, behaviors, relationships between actors, and norms, allowing us to understand that trust between dairy farmers and other actors in the dairy chain in order to face the problems of udder health and milk production depends on technical processes, individual and collective human attitudes and behaviors, supply of services, political, regulative and economic determinants, the latter being transcendental in decision-making to invest in mastitis control and udder health care.

ROLE OF KMF AT HASSAN CO-OPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS IN KARNATAKA STATE

According to research, this paper aims at studying and revealing the role of the milk cooperatives in village development through the recovery and growth of the overall dairy chain in Karnataka. The study reviews and analyzes the outcomes of the milk co-operative milk producers implemented by the KMF marketing assistance program and continued by the center for agribusiness and co-operative milk producers. The paper also identifies and discusses the forms of vertical integration occurring in the dairy sector of the state and concentrates on several important issues viz., contractual mechanism between farmers and cooperatives and farmers and processors, problems and challenges milk producers face, farm social investments. The paper also aims at studying the relationships between member farmers and milk marketing cooperatives. KEYWORDS: Milk cooperatives, animal husbandry.

Focus on histamine production during cheese manufacture and processing: A review.

Histamine (HIS) intoxication is a poisoning caused by histamine in food. Cheese is one of the most common dairy products associated with histamine levels which vary depending on the processing methods. The final content of histamine in cheese is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, their interactions, and contamination stemming from food processing. The application of control measures may be useful to inhibit/reduce production during cheese manufacture and processing but have a limited effect. To reduce histamine intoxication outbreaks from cheese consumption the introduction of quality control programs and appropriate risk mitigation options should be applied along the dairy chain from an overall perspective of food safety based on individual susceptibility and consumer sensitivity. As key food safety, this topic should be considered in future regulations in dairy products because the lack of a clear law on HIS limits in cheese may result in a significant potential deviation from the EU food safety strategy.

Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Qualities of Raw Milk from Collection Centers and Hawking Activity in the Rabat-Salé-Kenitra Region (Morocco)

The study aims to analyze the two circuits of the dairy chain: authorized and unauthorized, by studying the parameters influencing the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of milk in both networks. Samples of raw milk (n=22), collected from nine collection centers (CCL): four authorized and five unauthorized in the region of Kenitra, and four hawking points in the region of Rabat, during a period between March and May 2022, were analyzed to evaluate their physicochemical and bacteriological qualities. The physicochemical quality of the milk included the measurement of chlorides, lactose and fat content, and the determination of titratable acidity and freezing point. The bacteriological quality was assessed by counting the total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF), total and fecal coliforms, presumed pathogenic staphylococci and searching for Salmonella. The fat content varies considerably depending on where the milk samples are collected; the average is 4.13% for licensed collection centers, versus 2.94% for unlicensed collection centers and 2.82% for hawking activity. In terms of hygienic quality, the average bacterial load of TAMF in milk from the authorized collection centers is 3.8×108 CFU/ml. Total coliforms (TC) are present with an average rate of 9.37 ×105 CFU/ml with an average portion of 7.87 ×103 CFU/ml in fecal coliforms (FC), and 1.03 ×106 CFU/ml for presumed pathogenic staphylococci. On the other hand, milk samples from unauthorized collection centers and hawking activity showed higher levels of microbial contamination than those from licensed collection centers. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. The non-compliance with hygiene practices and the late application of cold during the milking, the collection, and the transportation of raw milk, partly explain the origin of this finding.

Inclusiveness of the Indian Dairy Sector: An Institutional Approach

We propose an institutional analysis of the development of the Indian dairy sector to investigate the drivers and extent of its inclusiveness. The institutional insight highlights that the inclusion of millions of smallholders in Indian industrial dairy chains comes from a dynamic network of three-tier cooperatives and specific sectoral formal and informal institutions favoring resource pooling and cooperation. This study demonstrates that an analysis of the bundles of rights held by smallholders in the sector supports assessing and monitoring inclusiveness.

Empowering women across gender and caste in a women’s dairy cooperative in India

Mulukanoor Women’s Dairy Cooperative (Mulukanoor Dairy) in India has been run by women for women since 2002. From the beginning it created strategies to empower women members, including mixing milk provided by the marginalized caste with milk from other castes; paying women exclusively for milk; providing technical training to women; and seating women together in training and governance events. Caste norms are not observed in these interactions. This article examines the effectiveness of Mulukanoor Dairy’s strategies for overcoming gender and caste disadvantage through empirical research. We hypothesized that if women members of Mulukanoor Dairy had become empowered over the past 20 years we should be able to see evidence for this in the form of women’s empowerment in relation to dairy decision-making at intra-household level. And if caste divisions had been largely overcome we should observe collegial relationships among women of different castes, and similar levels of women’s empowerment at intra-household level regardless of caste. Research was carried out in four villages provisioning Mulukanoor Dairy through focus group discussions with women members of Mulukanoor Dairy, and men spouses of different women members. In total 21 women and 23 men participated. FGDs were sex-and caste disaggregated. The introduction of a new sorghum forage, CoFS-29, provided the entry point to start talking about gender and caste norms. The findings show a remarkable transition of the dairy industry from elite non-marginalized caste men to marginalized and non-marginalized women. Caste norms have changed within the safe space of Mulukanoor Dairy and to a limited extent in the community. A new norm has been instituted that marginalized caste women are dairy farmers. Women across caste experience considerable decision-making power over milk and dairy income. However, men remain primary decision-makers over whether forage is grown. Men engage with key dairy chain actors. Knowledge on new technologies is passed only within castes, and mostly between persons of the same gender. Over the process of knowledge transmission, knowledge networks become increasingly masculinized. Knowledge networks are stronger among non-marginalized men who are best able to make use of new technologies.

Exodia phenomenon of foodborne Mycophages cocktails against chimeric strains of Candida albicans recovered from dairy chain ecosystems in Baghdad

Influential, organized groups with natural antimicrobial and anti-biofilm broad-spectrum power exist within the food chain, like a hidden dormant mimic hygienic bio life nanobodies that can terminate multiple opportunistic disease entities owing multi-stress resistant forbidden recalcitrant power, such as Candida albicans. These wonderful dynamic forces created by ALLAH Almighty are the Mycophages or fungi-eating state of fungi foodborne phages, and this project was redirected to be a dare to leap from us towards the future. Multi-stress resistant C. albicans that are resistant to different antifungal agents with their genetic tolerance plasticity to thermal pasteurization decontamination module as well as to ultraviolet irradiation hurdle strategy recovered from raw milk (mastitis), yogurt and soft cheese with versatile phenotypes resident in topic sectors of Abu-Ghraib, Al-Fudhaliyah and Al-Sadrya in Baghdad. From the other side of trueness, we discover an abnormal deviated activity of bacteriophages cocktails that behave with broad-spectrum functions against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant Streptococci (VRE) as lytic bactericidal and versus multi stress resistant C. albicans as redirected terminator lytic Mycophages thus objected to be a new nano-built hygienic phenomenon entity (Exodia). Keywords: Exodia, Lytic Mycophages, Multi stress-resistant Candida albicans, dairy chain ecosystems

Invited review: Fresh pasta filata cheeses: Composition, role, and evolution of the microbiota in their quality and safety.

With a global market of around $55 billion (in US dollars; i.e. around the 57% of the global cheese market), pasta filata cheeses sales are rising approximately 2% per year worldwide and are expected to further increase to $65.01 billion by 2028. Among these groups of cheeses, fresh pasta filata cheeses, such as mozzarella and fior di latte, are the most consumed. Herein, we provide an overview of fresh pasta filata cheeses, their commodity-related and technological aspects, focusing on the composition, the role, and evolution of their microbiota along the dairy chain.

Microbiological assessment of raw milk available in the metropolitan city of Sindh, Karachi - Pakistan

Currently, milk quality is judge on its health and hygienic parameters equally as its composition. Raw milk is a rich medium for the growth and proliferation of different pathogenic microorganisms such food-safety hazard may incorporate into the dairy chain, not only affect its safety and quality but also cause various milk borne diseases. Objective: To evaluate the microbiological assessment of raw milk accessible in Karachi with the intention to develop risk tracking strategies and its mitigation plan in future. Methods: Total 270 raw milk samples were collected from different sites throughout the dairy supply chains in each district of the city. Microbiological assessment of raw milk was carried out by following the bacteriological analytical manual (BAM, FDA) protocol. Results: The raw milk safety and quality at the dairy farms were satisfied, except raw milk storage tanks samples. The bacterial count boosted in almost all the samples collected during its transportation, higher aerobic and pathogenic load was observed in the retail shop’s samples however, maximum counts were noticed in the selling point milk samples. None of the milk samples contained other pathogens like Listeria or Salmonella. Conclusions: The milk quality of the supply chain, retail shops and storage tanks at dairy farms were un-satisfied based on different microbiological parameters.

Dairy Value Chain and Household Development in Rwanda

The value chain in terms of dairy can lead to the development of business and households in general. Hence, the aim of the study was to examine the dairy value chain and household development in Rwamagana district in Rwanda. The study employed a descriptive research design to examine the dairy value chain and household development in Rwamagana district in Rwanda. The target population was 11,595 respondents. The sample size was 385 respondents got by using Slovin’s formula. The study used purposive and simple random sampling techniques to determine the sample size. Questionnaire and interview guides were used to collect the data. The validity of the research instrument was maintained by distributing the research instruments to the expert respondents in the area of the study while reliability was maintained by conducting a pilot study that provided reliability of the research instrument. The findings revealed that technical services, dairy inputs availability and profitable market access contributed in household incomes. It was also revealed that animal husbandry techniques by reproduction and artificial insemination promoted cross-breeding, where 50% of respondents confirmed that their cows increased from 1 to 2, and other at 46.9% increased up to 5 cows.  The study found that 98.2% of the respondents received trainings on animal health disease management and 97.9% of them practiced what acquired from training, and this improved the animal health and reduced the cows’ death rate. Majority of dairy value chain actors at 88.5% of respondents cultivated fodder to feed their cows and 91.7% of them gained different conservation techniques such as hay making and silage useful in dry and drought seasons to avoid milk shortages and cow death. Besides, 73.2% of respondents of dairy chain actors had different milk equipment to support in keeping good quality and safety, storage and feeding such as milk cans, choppers, sprayers and other testing materials, and 87% of them accessed veterinary pharmacies nearby. Findings revealed that a large number of respondents at 90.9% consumed milk at home level which improved the households’ members livelihood, and the surplus was sold to milk collection centers, milk kiosks, restaurants, hotels, schools. The study recommended that farmers should be mobilized for more house water harvesting strategies and increased measures of fodder conservation by hay making and silage techniques. Government and private sector in partnership with dairy chain actors should put in place a processing plant for products development, diversification, market penetration and market development strategies. There should be mobilizing of private investors or cooperatives in the dairy equipment shops. Keywords: Dairy, Value change, Household, Household development and dairy value chain, Rwanda