Dagestan Research Articles

Soil-climatic conditions of the vineyard and biochemical characteristics of the red dry wine ‘Kara-Koysu’ (Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation)

ABSTRACT The article provides additional information that emphasizes the growing international interest in the impact of climate (temperature, humidity, precipitation, solar activity) on grape yields and the quality of terroir wine. The study deals with the climate gradient of the terroir of the Derbent region of the Republic of Dagestan (Russia), located on the terraced accumulative-coastal plain of the Caspian lowland, stretching for 160 km from north to south in a narrow strip between the coast of the Caspian Sea and the foothills. The influence of soil and climatic conditions on the biochemical characteristics of red dry wines ‘Kara-Koysu’ from Cabernet Sauvignon wingrapes of the 2019–2021 harvest was studied. The growing season occurred in dry, moderately humid conditions in 2019; hot, with a lot of precipitation in 2020 and more extreme conditions in 2021. The conditions of recent years have contributed to the change of almost all the studied indicators of tested wines. Studies have found that the climatic conditions of 2020–2021 were more favorable for obtaining a rich harvest, high-quality wines due to more UV light exposure and precipitation.

Metadisciplinary competencies and assessment of their maturity in the organisation of the educational process at teacher training colleges

Introduction. The labour market-driven changes in educational requirements, the development of information technologies and transformation of social relations require students’ new subject-specific and metadisciplinary competencies which should be formed at all levels of education. The aim of the study is to substantiate the role of metadisciplinary competencies and assessment of their maturity in the organisation of the educational process in teacher training colleges. Materials and methods. The study involved 1,742 students of teacher training colleges of the Chechen Republic, Republic of Ingushetia, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Republic of Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Russian Federation). Methods: source analysis, author’s questionnaire for diagnosing metadisciplinary competencies in students of pedagogical colleges, methodology of assessing communication and organisational aptitudes COA-1 (V.A. Sinyavsky, B.A. Fedorishin). Results. The monitoring of the maturity level in metadisciplinary competencies revealed the deficiency in students’ goal-setting, information search abilities, cooperation and self-assessment. The following maturity level of metadisciplinary competencies in students of teacher training colleges was revealed: the majority of learners showed a goal-setting level (67.4%), information search and analysis ability (67.4%), cooperation level (68.1%), and self-assessment level (68.6%) – as specific of the average level. The elaborated model of educational process continuity covering schools, pedagogical colleges and teacher training colleges was based on the development of metadisciplinary competencies. Network interaction of pedagogical workshops was set up in secondary vocational schools of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) of the Russian Federation – as a mechanism for ensuring consistency and continuity of future teachers’ training in the system of secondary vocational and higher pedagogical education. Conclusion. The implementation of the research results into the practice of pedagogical colleges and universities allows to improve the quality of future teachers’ schooling. The graduates of educational institutions involved in the network interaction of pedagogical workshops will possess not only subject-specific knowledge but also metadisciplinary competencies necessary for successful professional activity.

Congenital Epidermolysis Bullosa Epidemiology among Children of Russian Federation

Background. The prevalence of all types of congenital epidermolysis bullosa (СEB) worldwide is approximately 11 cases per 1 million according to the latest data from the American Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry. Data on the prevalence of СEB in Russian Federation is scattered, while data on life expectancy and mortality for this this disease is absent. This article presents medical and epidemiological data on children with СEB in Russian Federation. Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze clinical and epidemiological features of children with СEB in Russian Federation. Methods. We have performed analysis of the clinical and epidemiological features among pediatric population of Russian Federation with СEB using the “Registers of Genetic and Other Rare Diseases” of the “Butterfly Children” charitable foundation. Results. There are 491 children with СEB in Russian Federation as of 2024 according to the national registry data from “Registers of Genetic and Other Rare Diseases” of the “Butterfly Children” charitable foundation. The ratio of boys and girls was 1.08:1, that is relevant to the global data. The prevalence of CEB in children aged from 0 to 17 years in Russian Federation is 15.48 cases per 1,000,000 children as of January 1, 2024. The highest number of children with CEB were revealed in the Republic of Dagestan — 54 (11%) children, which is apparently due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages (50%). Other regions with high prevalence are Moscow Region (n = 28, 5.7%), Moscow (n = 25, 5.1%), Saint Petersburg (n = 26, 5.2%) and Krasnodar Territory (n = 23, 4.6%). Largest age group of children (from 12 to 18 years) includes 146 patients with mean age of 14.32 ± 1.72 years. The most common form of CEB is dystrophic one — 261 patients, the next one is simplex — 191 patients, then junctional form — 31 patient, and Kindler syndrome — 8 patients. The birth rate of children with CEB by year during the period from 2019 to 2023 (per 100,000 children born): 2019 — 1.42, 2020 — 2.09, 2021 — 2.65, 2022 — 2.76 and 2023 — 1.74. The arithmetic mean birth rate of children with CEB over a five-year period was 2.13 cases per 100,000 children born. The registry contains information on 22 deceased patients, average age was 3.06 ± 4.66 (from 0 to 15 years, median 0.54 years). The highest number of fatal outcomes was observed in the Republic of Dagestan (n = 3). Junctional CBE dominates in fatal outcomes among all the CEB types — 59.1% (n = 13 cases, 0.40 ± 0.22 years). The highest mortality was observed in I age group (from 0 to 1 year), which is 65.2% (15 fatal outcomes). Multisystem organ failure resulting from sepsis was the most common cause of death in both types of CEB (junctional and dystrophic). The mortality trend in the junctional form of CEB shows a decline in mortality, while the dystrophic type shows a stable situation during 2021–2023 years — 2 fatal outcomes per year. Junctional CEB has higher mortality rate at early age: survival curve shows sharp decline in the first months of life indicating high mortality in early life. The probability of survival drops to almost 0% in the first 100 days. Higher survival rate is more specific for the dystrophic type of CEB. Conclusion. This study demonstrates the significance and necessity to create and maintain registers for rare (orphan) diseases. Registry maintenance is an effective model for real understanding of the number of patients and value of needed assistance from the government to this category of patients.

150 years after Ferdinand Morawitz: a survey of megachilid bees (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) of Dagestan, Russia.

A list of 148 species of megachilid bees from 16 genera and five tribes is reported for the Republic of Dagestan. The list is based on more than 2,500 examined specimens and one reliable literature record. Twelve species are new to Russia: Chelostoma (Chelostoma) emarginatum (Nylander, 1856), C. (Foveosmia) maidli (Benoist, 1935), Hoplitis (Alcidamea) campanularis (Morawitz, 1877), H. (A.) caucasica (Friese, 1920), H. (Anthocopa) perezi (Ferton, 1894), H. (Pentadentosmia) tringa (Warncke, 1991), Osmia (Allosmia) melanura Morawitz, 1871, O. (Helicosmia) breviata Warncke, 1988, O. (Osmia) scheherazade Peters, 1978, O. (Pyrosmia) saxicola Ducke, 1899, Anthidium (Anthidium) taeniatum Latreille, 1809, and Megachile (Chalicodoma) montenegrensis Dours, 1873. Nine other species are new to the North Caucasus, and 46 other species are new to Dagestan. Compared to the first list of the bees of Dagestan published by F. Morawitz 150 years ago, the number of species of Megachilidae known from the republic was increased by five times.

Ecological aspects of studying the thyroid function of the thyroid gland in women of reproductive age living in a region with iodine deficiency (Akhtynsky district, Republic of Dagestan, Russia)

Aim. To present epidemiological aspects of the study of thyroid function of the thyroid gland.The article presents the results of a clinical and laboratory examination and epidemiological aspects of studying the thyroid function of the thyroid gland in 120 women of reproductive age living in an area with iodine deficiency (Akhtynsky district, Republic of Dagestan – located at an altitude of 1.675 metres above sea level). The women were examined for thyroid diseases and for the presence of intrauterine infections: TORCH toxoplasmosis, ornithosis, rubella, cytomegalo‐ and herpesviruses.All the examined patients had thyroid diseases (the women are registered with an endocrinologist at an Endocrinological Dispensary). All women underwent correction of iodine deficiency in the form of iodine prophylaxis by taking medications containing a daily iodine requirement of up to 250 mcg to normalize thyroid function.Intrauterine infections (IUI) were found in 76 women (69 %. of the patients examined). Intrauterine infections of women registered in the women's clinic of the district hospital were also treated.

Mycolichenological portrait of alder forest: alpha diversity revealed in 1ha plot in the Samursky National Park (Republic of Dagestan, Russia)

Aim. Xylobiont fungi and lichens determine the sustainability of forest ecosystems, but their species richness and taxonomic diversity depend on the forest type and the degree of its disturbance. Alder forests, characterised by a specific set of ecological conditions, represent poorly studied habitats in terms of myco‐ and lichenobiota. The aim of this work was to determine the species composition of aphyllophoroid fungi and epiphytic lichens on a 1 ha sample plot in a lowland floodplain forest dominated by Alnus glutinosa in the Delta Samura area of the Samursky National Park.The authors collected basidiomata of lignicolous fungi and lichen specimens on a sample plot of 1 ha during field studies. The surveyed forest area is represented by a community dominated by Alnus glutinosa and lianas. The material was identified using light microscopy techniques and a standard set of chemical reactions.Thirty‐three species of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) and 53 species of lichens and allied fungi (Ascomycota) were identified. Among them, 16 species (48 %) of aphyllophoroid fungi were recorded for the first time for the Samursky National Park, including six species revealed for the first time for the Republic of Dagestan, of which three species (Donkia pulcherrima, Phanerochaete cumulodentata and Sertulicium granuliferum) were new to the Northern Caucasus. Lichen species Arthothelium ruanum, Bacidia arceutina and Graphis pulverulenta are listed for the first time for the Republic of Dagestan. At the same time, 21 species of lichenized fungi were recorded for the first time on Alnus glutinosa within the region.The taxonomical structure of aphyllophoroid fungi revealed reflects the spring period of basidiomata‐based field study. The predominance of corticioid fungi and revealing hydnoid species among morphological groups may be indicative of the generally wetter habitats of alder forests in comparison to other forest types distributed in the studied area. Most of species were recorded on dead wood of Alnus glutinosa as the main forest‐forming tree. At the same time, each of other substrates (Carpinus betulus and Corylus avellana) turned out to be the habitat of species new to the region. The group of fungal species developing on large‐scale substrate units, represented by fallen trunks, was the most prevalent and is to be considered as more vulnarable in a case of anthropogenical habitat disturbance. The majority of epiphytic lichens discovered on alder are not specific to this woody substrate, except for single findings. These species belong to epiphytes inhabiting the Samur forest, the core of the lichenobiota of which is composed of thermophilous lichens of lowland deciduous forests. In our opinion, the relict character of the forest, which is an isolated and rather small forest massif with relatively homogeneous climatic conditions, causes a high similarity between the species composition of lichens revealed in the surveyed sample plot with Alnus glutinosa and previously studied plots dominated by Carpinus betulus, Populus alba, and Quercus robur.

Состояние породных ресурсов крупного рогатого скота в генофондных хозяйствах России

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to assess the effectiveness of the production use of small breeds of cattle bred in the country's gene pool farms. Methods. The purpose set in the study was achieved through the use of methods of analysis and generalization using special scientific literature on the problem being analyzed, a yearbook on breeding work in dairy cattle breeding on farms of the Russian Federation, and periodicals. Object of study: cattle breeds of gene pool farms in Russia (Bestuzhev, Mountain cattle of Dagestan, Istoben, Caucasian brown, red steppe, Tagil, Yakut cattle, Pechora type of Kholmogory breed). Results. Among all the breeds bred in gene pool farms, the latest ripening ones, which took the longest to reach the age of first calving, were Yakut cattle, as well as individuals of the Istoben and Red Steppe breeds, in which it varied within 33.4–35.3 months. It should be noted as a positive pattern that the animals of the Tagil breed achieved the analyzed indicator early, which was 26 months. The optimal duration of the period from calving to fertile insemination was distinguished by cows from the gene pool farms of the Republic of Dagestan – Mountain cattle of Dagestan and Caucasian brown – 71 and 74 days, respectively, as well as the breeding stock of the Bestuzhev breed – 86 days. The longest duration of the service period was recorded in the herds of gene pool farms of the Istoben breed and the Pechora type of the Kholmogory breed. The early age of retirement of Yakut cattle raises concerns, which, along with the small number of cows in this breed, will reduce not only the reproduction of the herd, but will also lead to the complete disappearance of this population. The lowest yield of calves per 100 cows is characterized by animals of the Pechora type of the Kholmogory breed – 63,1; for all other breeds it varies between 80–91 calves. Scientific novelty. For the first time, monitoring of the numbers and current state of industrial use of small breeds of dairy cattle in gene pool farms in Russia was carried out.

Prevention of extremism and terrorism in schools: experience of the republic of Dagestan

The article presents the results of the study of preventive anti-terrorist educational work among students of general education schools of the Republic of Dagestan. It is noted that this work with school youth is carried out systematically and comprehensively with the participation of not only teachers, but also external subjects of preventive influence on adolescents from among representatives of law enforcement agencies, various ministries and departments authorised in the field of youth, information and state national policy, cultural and art figures, representatives of the official Muslim clergy, athletes, deputies, veterans of the Special Military Operation and other public opinion leaders. It was revealed that the main format of this work is a thematic preventive conversation with schoolchildren, that requires certain pedagogical skills and competencies. Using a formalised expert survey of school teachers and a series of research interviews, an assessment of the effectiveness of this activity was identified, as well as problems that hinder the improvement of the quality of anti-extremist educational work with Dagestani youth. Noting the importance and usefulness of this work, the interviewed teachers point to a number of problems and factors that reduce its effectiveness. The workload of teachers with "paperwork", frequent demands for various kinds of reports on the work done, formalism, holding events without taking into account the age and individual characteristics of students, incompetence, lack of understanding and support from the parent community, weak interest in such events from both teachers and schoolchildren and a number of other factors hinder the improvement of the quality of anti-terrorist educational work with Dagestani youth. It seems that the prevention of extremism and terrorism is part of the general educational impact of the comprehensive school institution on a child, raising him to be a moral, law-abiding and patriotic citizen. To improve the quality of this work, it is important to raise the authority of school teachers at the state level, since a teacher without authority is a bad educator for teenagers not only in the area of countering the spread of the ideology of extremism and terrorism, but also in the matter of spiritual, moral and patriotic education in general.

Effective measures to control eimeriosis in poultry in the Republic of Dagestan

The most common disease of young poultry in commercial farms of the Russian Caspian region is eimeriosis. In most cases, after convalescence from coccidiosis caused by one of Eimeria species poultry remains susceptible to other species. This parasite has a very short life cycle and immense reproductive capacity that is why it can cause large-scale outbreaks of the disease in commercial poultry houses. To control avian eimeriosis, various coccidiostats are used in combination with probiotics and vitamins. Frequent and long-term use of the same drugs against this infection can potentially result in the emergence of resistant Eimeria populations. This suggests that this coccidiosis control requires rotation of eimeriocidal drugs. Studies on eimeriosis prevalence were performed in the laboratory of the Caspian Regional Research Veterinary Institute and in different poultry farms of the Republic of Dagestan. Swabs of the floor, litter, equipment, droppings, feedstuffs, cecum smears from dead poultry were used for testing. High infection rate with eimerias was established in floor-housed poultry in the plain and piedmont zones of the Republic (Khasavyurtovsky and Karabudakhkentsky raions), where the infection rates were 81.6 and 82.4%, respectively. In batter-cage system poultry farms of the mountain and mountain valley zones (Khunzakhsky and Gergebilsky raions) the infection rates were significantly lower – 61.2 and 58.0%, respectively. The comparative efficacy study of two eimeriocidal drugs showed that “Robenidine”, used daily from the first day of life during the entire rearing period at a dose of 33 g per 1 ton of feedstuffs controls coccidiosis in poultry. At the same time, the survival rate of the experimental young poultry during the observation period was 98.0% compared with “Sarucoxum 12%” group (96.7%).

Overview of animal infectious disease situation in the Republic of Dagestan in 2023

An epizootiological survey of livestock farms of Dagestan was conducted, the main infectious diseases common in the region were considered, and measures taken to protect against them were described. At present, the Veterinary Service is undertaking systematic efforts to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases such as brucellosis, leukosis, rabies, pasteurellosis, blackleg, bradsot and enterotoxemia in the Republic. Among the above-mentioned diseases reported in 2023, brucellosis and leukosis are responsible for the vast majority of outbreaks and diseased animals detected in them. In particular, the following diseases have the largest share in the nosological profile of quarantinable infectious diseases based on the number of detected infected localities during the period under study: brucellosis (52.63%), bovine leukosis (30.70%), rabies (8.77%), enterotoxemia (3.51%), pasteurellosis (1.75%), bradsot (1.75%) and blackleg (0.88%). In total, 1,812 animals were affected with quarantinable infections and 35 animals died in 114 infected localities. Most often over the past year, quarantinable infections were reported in cattle (69.59% of cases) and small ruminants (29.36%); in 1.05% of cases, the diseases affected horses, cats, wild animals and birds. In order to maintain animal disease freedom and sustainable growth of livestock production, the Veterinary Committee of the Republic of Dagestan annually implements measures to prevent the occurrence and spread of 75 diseases of animals and birds, including 10 highly dangerous ones. Anti-epizootic measures taken in the past year included a total of 93.8 million vaccinations and 6.2 million tests performed in the diagnostic institutions. Plans for the prevention of highly dangerous and other contagious diseases of animals and birds were fully implemented.

Durum wheat from North African countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt) in the southern planar zone of the Dagestan Republic conditions

In 2022-2023 at the Dagestan experimental station of the All-Russian Research Institute branch, under irrigated conditions during winter sowing 615 samples of durum wheat from North African countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt) were studied for a set of breeding valuable traits (earliness, resistance to fungal diseases, productivity, height plants, lodging, number of grains per ear, weight of grain per ear and weight of 1000 grains). Standard varieties are k-66674 Odari, k-67482 Yarina (Krasnodar region), k-32453 Derbentskaya black-eared (Dagestan). Productive durum wheat varieties with high adaptive potential have been identified (k-16221, k-16242 and k-54550 from Algeria), which can be used for genetic research and in practical breeding to improve existing varieties and create new ones.

Some results of anti-leukemia measures in farms of the Dagestan Republic

Some results of anti-leukemia measures in farms of the Dagestan Republic

The prevalence of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis among adolescents according to the negotiability data depending on the climatic zones in the Republic of Dagestan

The purpose of the study: The purpose of this work was to study the prevalence of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis in adolescents, depending on the factors of the ecosystem and climatic zones in the Republic of Dagestan according to the data of the incidence and morbidity. Material and methods of research: We analyzed statistical data on the incidence and incidence of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis among adolescents aged 14–18 years for 5 years (2018–2022) in the lowland, mountainous and foothill zones of the Republic of Dagestan according to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Dagestan. Previously, similar studies have not been conducted in this age group. Results and their discussion: From these data it can be seen that, firstly, in the republic as a whole, the increase in the incidence of bronchial astma in adolescents amounted to 124.4 % (from 0.86 to 1.93 per 1000 population); secondly, a steady increase in the incidence of bronchial astma is observed in rural areas (228 % vs. 53.8 % in cities), thirdly, the incidence has its own characteristics depending on the height of residence above sea level (mountains – more than 1000 m, foothills – 500–1000 m, plain – less than 500 m). A comparative assessment of the data on the prevalence of asthma in cities and rural areas revealed the following patterns: in general, adolescents in villages are almost 2 times less likely to suffer from bronchial asthma than in the city (summary figures for 5 years per 1000 population – in rural areas – 0.96, in urban areas – 1.78). Although the increase in the number of adolescents with bronchial asthma was also noted among urban residents (by 53.8 %), but among rural adolescents the increase in 5 years exceeded 4 times and amounted to 228 % (0.57 in 2018 and 1.86 in 2022). The heterogeneity of the incidence of chronic bronchitis by year was noted in all climatic zones. In the mountainous climatic zone, the incidence in 2018 was 14.7 per 1000, in 2019 there was a slight decrease (10.5), and in subsequent years there was a gradual increase and by 2022 it reached 19.3 per 1000 population. There were no large differences in morbidity in the foothill zone, although in 2022 it decreased to 3.2 compared to other years (6.4 in 2018, 7.2 in 2019, 5.3 in 2020 and 7.0 in 2021). The same situation was observed in the lowland zone, although in general, the incidence rate in this climatic zone increased from 5.5 in 2018 to 7.3 in 2022, with insignificant differences in 2019 (8,6) and 2020 (4,4). Conclusions: Bronchial asthma is a common disease among adolescents in the Republic of Dagestan and there is its close dependence on both climatic zones and ecosystem factors. When comparing the data on the prevalence of bronchial asthma in urban and rural areas, the following patterns were revealed: in general, adolescents in villages are almost 2 times less likely to suffer from bronchial asthma than in the city. Although the increase in the number of adolescents with AD was also noted among urban residents (by 53.8 %), but among rural adolescents the increase in 5 years exceeded 4 times and amounted to 228 %. Regarding chronic bronchitis, heterogeneity of morbidity by year was noted in all climatic zones. In the mountainous and lowland zones, there was an uneven increase in the incidence of chronic bronchitis over the years, and in the foothill zone there was a downward trend. Such differences in morbidity rates can only be explained by the lack of a unified approach to the nomenclature and diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in various medical institutions of the republic.

Биологически ценные компоненты в сухих винах, изготовленных из винограда, культивируемого в Дагестане

Abstract. To expand the production of high-quality wines in Russia, it is necessary to use the varietal composition of grape raw materials, focusing on the indicators of the biochemical composition of local and introduced varieties, well adapted to the environmental conditions of terroirs. Viticulture is the leading branch of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Dagestan, which is one of the main producers of grapes and their processed products in the Russian Federation. The production of natural wines from local grape raw materials contributes to the growth of the economy and the prestige of Dagestan viticulture and winemaking. Therefore, the study of chemical parameters, including the vitamin composition and aroma-forming substances of experimental samples of dry white wines from grapes of introduced varieties Pervenets Magaracha, Rkatsiteli and varieties of local breeding Narma grown in Dagestan, is relevant. Standard research methods applied in enochemistry were used. The mass concentrations of vitamins and vitamin-like substances, phenolic compounds were determined using the capillary electrophoresis system "Kapel 104T", RF, NPF LUMEX, aroma-forming compounds – gas chromatograph "Crystal 2000M" (RF). Organoleptic ratings of Dagestan wines made in laboratory conditions – 7,5-7,8 points. Wine from the Narma variety excelled in the content of ascorbic acid – 18,93, orotic acid – 2,29 and coffee acid – 7,61 mg/dm3 . The highest total concentration of aromatic substances was determined in wine from the Pervenets Magaracha variety – 2178,30 mg/dm3 , and in wines from the Narma and Rkatsiteli varieties it was 743,29 and 777,81 mg/dm3 , respectively. Wine from Narma grapes has advantages in terms of the content of biologically active substances, and from the Pervenets of Magaracha – in terms of the number of aromatic compounds. Keywords: grapes, dry wine, vitamins, aroma-forming substances

Economic efficiency of solar energy implementation in the Republic of Dagestan

Economic efficiency of solar energy implementation in the Republic of Dagestan

Coronaviruses (Coronaviridae) of bats in the northern Caucasus and south of western Siberia.

Bats are natural reservoirs of coronaviruses (Coronaviridae), which have caused three outbreaks of human disease SARS, MERS and COVID-19 or SARS-2 over the past decade. The purpose of the work is to study the diversity of coronaviruses among bats inhabiting the foothills and mountainous areas of the Republics of Dagestan, Altai and the Kemerovo region. Samples of bat oral swabs and feces were tested for the presence of coronavirus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It has been shown that the greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), inhabiting the Republic of Dagestan, are carriers of two different coronaviruses. One of the two coronaviruses is a member of the Sarbecovius subgenus of the Betacoronavirus genus, which includes the causative agents of SARS and COVID-19. The second coronavirus is assigned to the Decacovirus subgenus of the Alphacoronavirus genus and is most similar to viruses identified among Rhinolophus spp. from European and Middle Eastern countries. In the Altai Republic and Kemerovo region, coronaviruses belonging to the genus Alphacoronavirus, subgenus Pedacovirus, were found in the smooth-nosed bats: Ikonnikov`s bat (Myotis ikonnikovi) and the eastern bat (Myotis petax). The virus from the Altai Republic from M. ikonnikovi is close to viruses from Japan and Korea, as well as viruses from Myotis spp. from European countries. The virus from the Kemerovo region from M. petax groups with coronaviruses from Myotis spp. from Asian countries and is significantly different from coronaviruses previously discovered in the same natural host.

The epizootic situation of bovine leukemia in the Republic of Dagestan in 2023

Bovine enzootic leukemia (EBLV) remains an acute problem for animal husbandry in many regions of Russia. Based on this, the goal was set: to study the epizootic situation of bovine leukemia in the Republic of Dagestan. The material for the study was taken from the official source of the Veterinary Committee of the Republic, as well as supplemented with our own serological blood tests for bovine leukemia virus (bovine leukemia). Laboratory tests for the detection of antibodies to BLV in RID were carried out according to the "Guidelines for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia" (2000). Research results: the spread of BLV has been established in some municipal districts and urban districts throughout the republic. In 2023, from all veterinary laboratories (stations), serological studies were conducted in the amount of 1101,689 animal blood samples for BLV. Of the animals studied, antibodies to the BLV antigen in RID were obtained in 2,778 (0.25%) samples. A high percentage of animal HCV infection was detected in the following districts and cities: Kizlyarsky – 2% (388), Tlaratinsky – 1.3% (341), Botlikhsky – 1.2% (450), Babayurt – 1.1% (188), Gunibsky – 0.8% (228) and in Makhachkala – 0.9% (180). In 16 districts and in Khasavyurt, the percentage of infection of animals with BLV was at the level of 0.3% or lower. We obtained 440 animal blood samples from sample farms, which were examined in the RID. 37 (8.4%) animal blood samples gave a positive result for BLV. Thus, the general epizootic situation in EBLV remains relevant, but the prevalence of BLV among animals is decreasing in the republic.

The adaptive potential of migrant youth in the megapolis: resource availability and the development opportunities (using the example of Dagestanis living in St. Petersburg)

In the article, within the framework of the resource approach, based on the results of a questionnaire survey, the assessment by the Dagestan youth living in St. Petersburg of their adaptive potential, expressed in the presence of both material and non-material resources, is revealed. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the success of social adaptation of internal migrants in a new environment largely depends on the available adaptive potential and its constituent resources, as well as the possibilities of its mobilization and building up. Accordingly, it is possible to correct the process of social adaptation by managing the development of certain resources, transferring them into capital. The author provides a distinction between the concepts of “potential”, “capital”, “resource”. The author’s operationalization of the concept of adaptation potential of migrant youth, developed on the basis of the classification of adaptation resources proposed by Yu. M. Pasovets, is presented. The novelty of this study lies in the first attempt to identify the adaptive potential of the Dagestan youth living in St. Petersburg, and its constituent resources. It was revealed that the success of the adaptation process is most influenced by personal-cultural and social (individual) resources. It is concluded that involvement in social activities can be an additional mechanism for successful adaptation, but this potential is practically unrealized due to the low involvement of young people in this type of activity. Accordingly, the results obtained can be used primarily by leaders and activists of public organizations representing the Republic of Dagestan in St. Petersburg to involve youth in public activities, and the data obtained can also be used to correct the process of social adaptation of Dagestan youth at the municipal level and the level of the subject of the federation.

Materials for the helminthofauna of the green toad Bufotes viridis (Anura, Amphibian) in the Republic of Dagestan

Materials for the helminthofauna of the green toad Bufotes viridis (Anura, Amphibian) in the Republic of Dagestan

The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus

Distribution, characters and habitats of Coenagrion spp. in the Russian part of the Caucasus is considered, chiefly by the authors’ own data. There are seven species, of which C. australocaspicum Dumont & Heidari, 1996 is for the first time recorded in Russia (Dagestan), C. ornatum (Selys, 1850) and C. scitulum (Rambur, 1842) in Karachay-Cherkess and Dagestan Republics and C. pulchellum (Vander Linden, 1825) in Dagestan. Coenagrion lunulatum is still known from the territory only by a century-old record by A.N. Bartenev from the highlands of West Caucasus. Keys for identification of the Caucasian species of the puella-group in a broad sense—C. australocaspicum, C. puella (Linnaeus, 1758), C. pulchellum and C. ponticum (Bartenef, 1929)—are provided. Coenagrion ponticum is supposed to be a hybridogenic species resulting from hybridiisation between C. puella and C. pulchellum in the past. Three of the EPIC (exon-primed intron-crossing) molecular markers, AgT, MLC and PRMT, were sequenced from the above mentioned puella-group spp. and C. ornatum, from the territory considered and elsewhere, plus from C. persicum (Lohmann, 1993) from Iran. Coenagrion ponticum thus entered molecular analysis for the first time. Coenagrion australocaspicum appeared divergent from the rest of the group. Coenagrion ponticum appeared inside the cluster of C. pulchellum while C. persicum outside it, so the species status of the former is challenged while that of the latter confirmed. The joint tree showed two clades in C. puella (with no difference in outer characters), one composed of specimens originating from the regions to the south of the Main Caucasian Range and from the Caspian areas of Dagestan including foothills, and the other with specimens from Inner Dagestan (plus one locality in the Caspian-faced foothills), West Caucasus, Western Europe, Ural and West Siberia.