Cytotaxonomic Studies Research Articles

CYTO-TAXONOMICAL STUDIES IN THE GENUS LUZULA

Cyto-taxonomical studies in the genus Luzula. I. Somatic chromosomes and chromosome numbers.

Chromosomal diversity and phylogenetic inferences concerning thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera) in a semi-arid region of Brazil

The order Thysanoptera is composed of cosmopolitan phytophagous and predaceous insects with diverse life histories, behaviors and habits. This order is currently thought to form a trichotomy with Hemiptera and Psocodea; Hemiptera and Thysanoptera are considered to be sister groups. The interrelationships within Thysanoptera remain unclear and cytotaxonomic studies are scarce in thrips. We report, for the first time, chromosomal data on seven species of thrips collected from a semi-arid region in the States of Bahia and Pernambuco (Northeast Brazil). A distinctive chromosomal pattern was observed in Thysanoptera when compared to other members within the infraclass Paraneoptera. Considerable karyotypic differences were also found within genera and species of Thysanoptera. Based on these data, we suggest that Paraneoptera forms a polyphyletic group and that Terebrantia and Tubulifera should be regarded as sister groups. The high chromosomal variability observed in Thysanoptera indicates that chromosomal rearrangements have played a key role in their speciation pathways.

Cytotaxonomical studies on some Crocus L. taxa in Turkey

The present study investigated the chromosome number and morphology ofCrocus fleischeri Gay, C. pallasii Goldb subsp. pallasii, C. cancellatus Herbert subsp. lycius Mathew, C. pulchellus Herbert which are all belong to the Crocus L. taxa showing distribution in Western Anatolia in Turkey. Powder preparation was used as study method. Chromosome numbers and morphologies of the taxa were determined by examining the mitosis preparations. Furthermore, karyograms of taxa studied were made and examined in a detailed manner. In this study, it was found that the chromosome numbers of C. fleischeri, C. pallasii subsp. pallasii, C. cancellatus subsp. lycius and C. pulchellus were 2n = 20, 2n = 14, 2n = 16 and 2n = 12, respectively. Key words: Chromosome number, chromosome morphology, Crocus taxa,Turkey.

A cytotaxonomic study of three related families of birds: Fringillidae, Emberizidae, Ploceidae

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary ResearchVolume 11, Issue 1 p. 233-239 A cytotaxonomic study of three related families of birds: Fringillidae, Emberizidae, Ploceidae N. Sh. Bulatova, N. Sh. Bulatova Author's address: Dr. N. Sh. Bulatova, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, USSRSearch for more papers by this author N. Sh. Bulatova, N. Sh. Bulatova Author's address: Dr. N. Sh. Bulatova, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, USSRSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1973 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1973.tb00144.xCitations: 10AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume11, Issue1September 1973Pages 233-239 RelatedInformation

Polymorphism of the Genus Isophya (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae, Barbitistinae) Revealed by RAPD

The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) method was used to study the genetic polymorphism of 20 species of the genus Isophya. Each primer amplified a different set of DNA fragments, all oligonucleotides failed to generate any specific diagnostic band that could lead to the identification of Isophya species, and none of the amplified fragments were present in all species. RAPD markers detected a high level of polymorphism in all species. The data were in most cases not congruent with morphological subdivision to the species group and cytotaxonomic studies. The genetic lineages of Isophya seem to be in discordance with relationships proposed by systematists.

A cytotaxonomic study of 10 species of the Polypodiaceae from Yunnan, China

A cytotaxonomic study of 10 species of the Polypodiaceae from Yunnan, China

Cytotaxonomy ofLychnophoraMart. (Asteraceae: Vernonieae: Lychnophorinae) species

Abstract Most species of the genus Lychnophora Mart. are endemic to the Brazilian ”campos rupestres” of Minas Gerais, Bahia and Goias, with high degree of endemism in many species. There is disagreement between different authors regarding delimitation of the species and, consequently, the amount of species (from 11 to 68). This interpretation difference leads to sinonimization and the transference of several species to closely related genera. The cytotaxonomic study of species of Lychnophora was made aiming at increase of knowledge of chromosome characteristics that could be useful to the understanding of the taxonomy of the group as a whole. Chromosome numbers of about eighteen species were determined, with 2n=34, 36 or 38. These chromosome numbers were distributed among species of four sections of Lychnophora, so they can’t be used as distinctive characters for intergeneric and infrageneric levels below section level. However, chromosome numbers were very important for the differentiation of some specie...

Cytotaxonomic studies of the Chinese pteridophytes: A review

Cytotaxonomic studies of the Chinese pteridophytes: A review

Comparative karyotype analysis in Haplopappus Cass. and Grindelia Willd. (Asteraceae) by double FISH with rRNA specific genes

The genera Grindelia Willd. and Haplopappus Cass. belong to the family Asteraceae - Astereae and are distributed in America and South America, respectively. Previous cytotaxonomic studies showed for South American species of Grindelia 2n=12 and for Haplopappus 2n=10 and 2n=12. Both Grindelia species (G. anethifolia, G. prunelloides), newly analyzed with molecular-cytological methods, exhibited symmetric karyotypes (AsI %=55.46 and 55.95) with metacentric chromosome sets (5m + 1m-sat) and 2n=12 chromosomes. The NOR was detected after fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18/25S rDNA in the satellite chromosome 2. In contrast H. Happlopappus glutinosus, H. grindeloides and H. stolpii showed exclusively a higher asymmetric index (66.83%, 67.01% and 68.87%, respectively) with submetacentric chromosome sets (4sm + 1sm–sat). The sat-chromosomes 3 of H. glutinosus and H. grindelioides were both significantly different in their length from chromosomes 2 and 4. Furthermore in Grindelia the FISH with 5S rDNA could estimate signals in the short arms of chromosomes 3 or 4, that were not significantly differentiated in their length. Contrary to these findings in Grindelia, the position of 5S rDNA in Haplopappus was detected in the long arms of chromosome 1 (H. grindelioides and H. stolpii) and chromosome 2 (with two different loci) and chromosome 4 of H. glutinosus. The lengths of all measured chromosome arms with 5S rDNA were significantly different to those of the neighbours in the karyotypes. The two-color FISH of 5S and 18/25S rDNA had provided clear karyotypic markers for three (Haplopappus glutinosus) and two (H. grindelioides and H. stolpii) chromosomes. The number and position of rDNA signals were relatively highly conserved in the investigated five species without the double marked chromosome 2 of H. glutinosus, which shows an evolutionary dynamic of this 5S rRNA specific gene cluster. This investigation supports the assumption that the evolution of New World members of Grindelia and Haplopappus has not been accompanied by large karyotypic changes, but small chromosomal rearrangements have undoubtedly occurred (e.g. 5S rDNA localizations).

Chromosomes of some argentine angiosperms and their taxonomic significance

Abstract Meiotic or mitotic chromosomes of eleven species of angiosperms native in Argentina, belonging to seven families, were studied in order to be used in cytotaxonomic studies and gain some insights on the evolutive relationships of the different groups. Most of our data were the first cytological information for the species. The genus Alvaradoa Liebm. was investigated cytologically for the first time. The novel karyologically studied species, all diploid, were: Bomarea macrocephala Pax and Bomarea stans Kränz. 2n = 18, Loasa bergii Hieron. 2n = 26, Alvaradoa subovata Cronquist 2n = 16, Schizanthus grahamii Gillies 2n = 20, Viola montagnei Gay and Viola roigii Rossow 2n = 14. The same numbers to the ones previously reported in the literature were found from different populations of Cajophora chuquitensis (Meyen) Urb. & Gilg. 2n = 18, Ramorinoa girolae Speg. 2n = 20, and Schizanthus grahamii Gillies 2n = 20. The presence of supernumerary chromosomes, 0 to 6, in Ligaria cuneifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh., 2n = 20, was recorded. Data are compared with previously published results and chromosome figures of all studied species are provided.

Studies on Vectors of Onchocerciasis, Simulium Species, in Achi, Oji River Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria

The vectors of Onchocerciasis Simulium, flies were studied in Achi, Oji River Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria, to determine the breeding sites, distribution, the vectorial capacity, parous and nulliparous rates, as well as the infection rate, the transmission potentials and the species spectrum of the flies, with a view to recommending some feasible and applicable control measures for the vectors. This would complement or form a component of the chemotherapeutic control of this disease by the use of the drug, Ivermectin. The breeding sites of S. damnosum s.l complex – the vectors – were located around the waterfalls and rapids along the courses of some rivers in Achi, like Oji river, Iyi Nwankpu and Ubeneji. Larval forms were collected by ice collecting method from the substrates in bijou bottles containing carnoy fixative with entomological forceps, for cytotaxonomic studies. The adult flies were collected in collecting tubes on human baits, for morphological identification , parous and nulliparous as well as infection rate studies. They were counted and recorded as daily, monthly and. annual biting rates and also vectorial density or capacity. Total flies caught were 3,135 in one year period, in which 1,527 (70%) were parous and 632 (30%) nulliparous. The Annual biting rate were 4,635, the infected flies were 40 (1.7%). The Annual transmission potential was 25.78. Some Simulium species identified were S. damnosum s. s., S. squamosum, S. yahense and S. sirbanum. Integrated vector control (IVC) is recommended by the use of good chemical larvicide like Temophos, and a mopping up with the biological use of Bacillus thuringiensis, to complement the present control programme using the efficient drug, Ivermectin

Cytotaxonomic study of some taxa of the subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula

Chromosome numbers in 29 populations belonging to 21 species of Orchidinae from the Iberian Peninsula have been counted. For four Iberian endemic species, Anacamptis coriophora subsp. carpetana, Dactylorhiza caramulensis, Orchis tenera, and Serapias perez-chiscanoi, the number of chromosomes is reported here for the first time. For another three, Anacamptis champagneuxii, Himantoglossum hircinum, and Orchis langei, this number has been established in Iberian representatives. Moreover, new ploidy levels have been obtained for Anacamptis champagneuxii and Dactylorhiza sambucina. Some taxonomic, phylogenetic, and phytogeographic comments are made for several species or groups of species from the Western Mediterranean region.

Karyotype evolution in South American species of Hypochaeris (Asteraceae, Lactuceae)

The genus Hypochaeris (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) contains ten species in Europe, three in Asia, and approximately 50 in South America. Previous cytotaxonomic studies have shown two groups of taxa: (1) European species with different basic chromosome numbers and differentiated karyotypes, and (2) South American species with x=4 and uniform asymmetric and bimodal karyotypes. Karyotypic data are synthesized for South American species of Hypochaeris with new information for six Chilean species: H. acaulis, H. apargioides, H. palustris, H. spathulata, H. tenuifolia and H. thrincioides. Four main groups can be distinguished based on presence and localization of secondary constrictions – SCs (bearing Nucleolar Organizer Regions – NORs) on chromosomes 2 and 3, and 18S–25S and 5S rDNA loci number, localization, and activity. We propose karyotypic evolution of South American Hypochaeris (x=4) from H. maculata-like (x=5) European ancestors. The original South American karyotype would have possessed two SCs, one on the long arm of chromosome 2, and the other on the short arm of chromosome 3 (in terminal position). Further evolution would have involved inversion within the short arm of chromosome 3 and inactivation/loss of the SC on chromosome 2.

Cytomixis and its possible evolutionary role in a Kuwaiti population of Diplotaxis harra (Brassicaceae)

During a cytotaxonomical study of a Kuwaiti diploid (2n = 26) population of Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss (Brassicaceae), cytomixis and aneuploidy were found in 1.5% and 7.8% of the pollen mother cells (PMCs), respectively. Cytomictic cells revealed wide variability as far as the number of involved PMCs and their stage of division were concerned. The cytoplasmic channels, which were of different sizes, contained migrating chromosomes in a few cases. In some PMCs, the location of some of the chromosomes was clearly indicative of an imminent migration from a donor to its attached recipient cell. At metaphase I and anaphase I, PMCs showed variable degree of chromosomal transfer. In addition to a genetic control of the phenomenon, stress factors such as high temperature or drought in certain periods of the growing season may have contributed to the incidence of cytomixis in the material. A possible relationship between cytomixis and detected aneuploid PMCs, as well as a reconsideration of an evolutionary role of cytomixis is discussed. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 143, 169–175.

Cytotaxonomic studies on someViciaL. species growing in the eastern Mediterranean and southern Aegean regions II.

In this study, some natural Vicia L. species growing naturally in eastern Mediterranean and southern Aegean Regions have been investigated morphological and cytotaxonomic point of view. Morphology, chromosome number and morphometries of the 9 taxa belonging to the Vicia L. genus including Vicia peregrina, V. lutea var. hirta, V. anatolica, V. hybrida, V. grandiflora var. grandiflora, V. grandiflora var. dissecta, V. cuspidata, V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. sativa subsp. nigra var. segatalis have been studied by using karyological and numerical taxonomic techniques. Data obtained chromosome measurements were analysed by using cluster analysis. The chromosome number of studied Vicia species have been found as 2n = 10, 12 and 14. The member of Vicia section, related taxa were compared with respect to their chromosomal and morphological characteristics. Some karyological relationships among the studied Vicia taxa were discussed with help of taxonomic history and evolutionary data.

Cytotaxonomy of some species and of interspecific hybrids of Pennisetum (Poaceae, Poales)

Cytotaxonomic studies were carried out on 26 accessions of Pennisetum spp. originating from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Gado de Leite-Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.This study presents cytogenetics and reproductive morphological data for each one of these accessions, which allowed groupings and suggest botanical identifications to be established. The metaphases of the accessions characterized as P. purpureum confirmed the presence of 2n = 28 chromosomes that have already been described for this species. For the hybrids between P. purpureum and P. glaucum and for the hexaploids, resulting from the chromosome duplication of these hybrids, 2n = 21 and 2n = 42 chromosomes were confirmed, respectively. The wild accession identified as P. setosum showed metaphases with 2n = 54 chromosomes, while those characterized as P. nervosum had cells with 2n = 36 chromosomes. The wild accession 15 was different from the others for the morphological characters, with 2n = 36 chromosomes, and was classified as P. orientale. Two statistical procedures were used (canonical variables and cluster analysis on the basis of the Mahalanobis distance), and the results confirmed the conclusions obtained from the cytogenetic and morphologic analysis.

Cytotaxonomic studies in five species of Rutidosis (Asteraceae) endemic to south-eastern Queensland

Somatic chromosomes of five species of Rutidosis endemic to south-eastern Queensland were analysed by the aceto-orcein staining method. The five species were classified into two major groups by their basic chromosome number and asymmetry of chromosome length. Rutidosis glandulosa and R. murchisonii exhibited a basic chromosome number of x = 11 and a gradual change in chromosome length. Rutidosis crispata, R. lanata and R. leucantha exhibited a basic chromosome number of x = 12 and the karyotype was bimodal with respect to chromosome length. On the basis of chromosome evidence, we hypothesise that (1) R. glandulosa and R. murchisonii are closely related, (2) R. crispata and R. leucantha are closely related and (3) R. lanata is most likely to be derived from R. crispata by a hexaploidisation. The present results support Holland’s (1994, 1999) taxonomic treatment of the five species.

Cytotaxonomic studies on some Vicia L. species growing in eastern Mediterranean and southern Aegean regions, I

In this study, some natural Vicia L. species growing in eastern Mediterranean and south Aegean regions have been investigated morphologically and cytotaxonomically. Morphology, chromosome number and morphometries of nine taxa belonging to Vicia L. genus including Vicia cracca L. subsp. tenuifolia (Roth) Gaudin, V. cracca L. subsp. stenophylla Vel., V. villosa Roth subsp. dasycarpa (Ten.) Cav., V. articulata Hornem., V. cappadocica Boiss. & Ball, V. ervilia (L.) Willd., V. tetrasperma (L.) Schreb., V. laxiflora Brot., V. hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray have been studied by using karyologic and numeric taxonomical techniques. Data obtained on morphologic character, chromosome measurements and morphometric analysis were analysed by using cluster analysis. It is found that the whole studied Vicia species have 2n = 14 chromosomes (X = 7). In the result, it is found that the karyotypes of the studied Vicia taxa were congruent with the studied morphological characters. Close genetical relationships were determined

Detailed Investigations on Cytotaxonomical Perspectives in Nitella hyalina Complex (Charales: Charophyceae).

Present paper deals with the detailed morphological, cytological and cytotaxonomical studies on 3 cytotypes of N hyalina f. hyalina, collected from Mudasarilova tank (Visakhapatnam), Sakhya Sagar dam (Shivpuri) and Tighra dam (Gwalior). The cytological preparations reveal the occurrence of chromosomes counts of n=15, 18 and 21, respectively. Count of 3 chromosomes numbers in 3 different cytotypes clearly established polyploidy in this taxon, if x=3 considered as the ancestral number. It was found that polyploidy is certainly associated with the morphological diversifications. As the chromosome numbers increased certain additional characters appeared, while, with reduction in chromosome numbers these additional characters have not been observed.

Identification of mariner-like elements from the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp.

The Meloidogyne species are agriculturally important pests widespread in the world. These polyphagous endoparasitic nematodes possess an astonishing ability to bypass the plant resistance genes in few generations. However, the genes and mechanisms involved in this molecular determinism are not yet known. Except cytogenetic and cytotaxonomic studies, few data are available concerning their genome. There is therefore an important need of molecular tools for genetic investigation of their virulence character and other aspects of host–pathogen interactions. In that respect, the presence of mariner-like-elements (MLEs) was assessed in these endoparasitic nematodes by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using degenerate primers designed from two conserved regions of the mariner transposase open reading frame (ORF). Four Meloidogyne species of the five tested revealed the presence of MLEs in their genome. Southern blot analysis indicated that sequences hybridizing to the mariner transposase-like PCR clones occur at a moderate to low copy number in the different Meloidogyne spp. genomes. The phylogenetic analysis show that the Meloidogyne MLEs may form new subfamilies of mariner. Moreover, five PCR clones were shown to possess a continuous ORF suggesting the presence of putative transposase-like coding regions.