Cylinder Oil Research Articles

Dynamic Simulation and Structure Optimization of the Folding Hoistable Mast Based on Adams

In order to improve the safety and the dynamic stability of the hoistable mast, the method of parametric optimization was introduced and the dynamic model was established by the multi-rigid-body dynamic analysis soft of Adams in the beginning of the product design. Then, the dynamic simulation and the structure optimization were carried out. It was shown that the maximum force on the primary oil cylinder was reduced by 10%, the maximum force on the secondary oil cylinder was reduced by 8%, the structure layout of the mast was more reasonable and the dynamic stability were improved. Also, it was proved that the optimized structure of the hoistable mast was reasonable and feasible by simulation results.

대형 2행정 디젤기관에 있어서 일체형 전자제어 축압분배 실린더 주유기 시스템의 주유 불균일률에 관한 연구

Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke diesel engine is of great economic importance. A motor-driven cylinder lubricator for Sulzer RT-flex large two-stroke diesel engines developed by authors is in need of improving the lubricating system to lubricate cylinder parts optimally by an electronically controlled quill device according to changes of engine load and revolution speed. In order to apply the developed accumulating distributor to an integrated cylinder lubricator by the electronically controlled system as the third research stage, the lubricating system is improved in the electronically controlled quill device with a solenoid valve. In this study, the effects of lubricator revolution speed, driving pressure(or plunger stroke) and cylinder back pressure on oil feed rate and lubrication inequality rate are investigated by using the integrated cylinder lubricator system with an accumulated distribution by the electronic control(I.C.S.), and the oil feed rate and lubrication inequality rate of I.C.S. are compared with those of the motor-driven cylinder lubricator by the electronically controlled quill system equipped with an accumulating distributor(E.D.S.). It is found that the oil feed rate of I.C.S. is smaller than that of E.D.S. due to the reduction of delivery velocity by the higher delivery pressure, and the variances of lubrication inequality rate for I.C.S. have become smaller than those of E.D.S. as the driving pressure in all experimental conditions increases, except for the driving pressure of 26 bar(plunger stroke 2 mm) at the cylinder lubricator speed of 120 rpm.

Recent Patents on Injection-Shift Structure of Injection Molding Machine

The plasticizing and injection devices are among the main components of injection molding machines. The injection seat moves forward by injection-shift oil cylinders to joint the nozzle and the gate of mould tightly. The single oil cylinder and the double oil cylinders are adopted in the traditional injection molding machine. The paper reviews various patents of injection-shift structures through adopting new structures and new devices in recent years. A new type of the single injection-shift structure of injection molding machines is invented to solve high injection pressure, long-time holding pressure, the warpage of the nozzle and the joint fracture of shift piston rod for the traditional injection-shift device. The new type of the injection-shift structure is more compacted, reliable and especially suitable for multiple material injection molding. Moreover, when the length of injection-shift rod is shortened, the cost will be reduced. Keywords: CAD model, gate, injection molding machine, injection-shift structure, nozzle, single injection cylinder.

Lubrication Challenges in Shipping Industry - Reliable Lubrication of Marine Low-Speed Engines

For many decades, the marine industry has been a conservative environment with few changes in legislations and engine design. By the end of previous century, however, the demand for more engine power, followed by increased environmental awareness, triggered tremendous changes in this industry segment. Since the economic recession started several years ago, the marine industry faced an increasing need to reduce operating costs. This resulted in operational changes and triggered the need for new vessel-and engine designs. These changes also had an impact on the lubrication of low-speed marine engines. The selection of the correct cylinder oil and oil feed rate to balance these new conditions in the engine is more important than ever. Chevron has therefore developed its DOT.FAST service to accompany a full range of high quality cylinder oil grades available to guide its customers in achieving reliable and safe operation.

「シリンダ油」・「システム油」・「トランクピストン油」

「シリンダ油」・「システム油」・「トランクピストン油」

Surface and Wear Analysis of Zinc Phosphate Coated Engine Oil Ring and Cylinder Liner Tested with Commercial Lubricant

The objective of this study was to evaluate the tribological performance through investigating protective additive layer and friction coefficient and implementing the quantitative wear measurements on the rubbed surface of the sliding pairs. The specimens of oil ring were rubbed against cast iron engine cylinder liner under boundary lubrication conditions. The ring and liner surfaces were examined by optical, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy. The elemental analysis of surfaces was performed by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Surface observations showed that coating was removed from the ring surface. Higher levels of Ca, Zn, P, and S elemental ratios (0.93%, 0.45%, 1.55%, and 1.60% as atomic percent) were detected on the cylinder liner surface. Wear width, length, and depth measurements were performed by optical and atomic force microscopies on the ring and cylinder liner surface. The results showed that wear widths for oil ring were 1.59 μm and 1.65 μm; wear widths for cylinder liner were 3.20 μm and 3.18 μm; wear depths for oil ring were 100 nm; and wear depths for cylinder liner were 482 nm. Wear data were taken mostly from the additive layer points detected by SEM and X-ray measurements.

船用シリンダ油の性能比較

船用シリンダ油の性能比較

Study on Tank Capacity Table Measuring Model after the Storage Tank Displacement

All of the gas station has established underground storage tanks in accordance with the unified state standards. Due to the reasons such as deformation of foundation many tanks occurs the longitudinal tilt and lateral deflection changed after a period of time in use that lead to tank capacity charts to change. This paper solves the storage tank displacements recognition and capacity charts calibration by mathematical modeling method and MATLAB software. We study the calibration tank capacity charts when actual storage tank happen vertical or horizontal displacements on the basis of research on small elliptic cylinder oil tank.

AMESim Concrete Pump Closed Type Hydraulic System Modeling and Simulation Research

In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the concrete pump closed type hydraulic system in the process of pumping, we add two speed sensors and power units in the system, to achieve the dynamic loading of the pumping load by judging the main oil cylinder speed. We also establish the concrete pump closed type hydraulic system model for the dynamic simulation. The results show that in the process of pumping, pumping pressure keeps constant value and no pressure impact. Meanwhile the piston displacement linearity increases or decreases and the piston velocity keep the constant value.

Formation of Colloidal Shells on Acidic Droplets Undergoing Neutralization in Marine Diesel Engine Cylinder Oils

In this study, a novel colloidal shell formation phenomenon was observed when sulfuric acid droplets underwent neutralization in marine cylinder lubricant at 115 ± 5 °C using heating microcapillary videomicroscopy. Immediately upon injection, shells formed, wrapping the acidic droplets and detached slowly afterward. Shells were optically transparent, about 2 μm thick, and strongly cohesive and rigid since they could deform the contained acid droplet into a non-spherical shape. Shell surface is most likely hydrophobic since the acid droplets did not wet it. It is thought that these shells were made of hydrated calcium sulfate nanoparticles embedded within an organic matrix. This material was presumably formed when oil additives reacted with sulfuric acid right upon exposure. The discovery of this shell formation, which has not been previously reported in the literature, could be important since these shells could be precursors in the formation of well-known deposits found in diesel engine cylinder liners such as “liner lacquer” or “bore glaze,” which impact negatively the performance of marine diesel engines.

The reaction of condensation of furfural with mercaptoacetic acid esters

The condensation reaction of furfural with various mercaptoacetic acid esters was studied. The reaction products were tested for their corrosion protective properties in M-16 cylinder oil used for marine diesel engines. It was found that the resulting 2-di(alkoxycarbonylmethylthio)methylfuranes at 2% concentration completely suppress corrosion of lead plates.

Piston ring and cylinder liner wear aggravation caused by transition to greener ship transports–Comparison of samples from test rig and field

New and upcoming emission regulations for ships will push towards greener sea based transports. Changing the fuel, from heavy fuel oil to natural gas, is a promising approach to fulfil these regulations, but tribological problems are expected to appear when the sulphur-free gas replaces the sulphur-rich heavy fuel oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sulphur for the high performance of current tribosystem in the cylinder. Field worn samples were examined and no tribofilm containing sulphur was detected, but grain refinement and plastic deformation was found below the sliding surfaces. A reciprocating test rig was used in order to simulate the tribological conditions for the piston rings and cylinder liner. Tests were run with fresh cylinder oil as well as with used cylinder oil, where the latter was used in order to simulate the chemical environment in the cylinder of an engine. Tribofilms were formed on the surfaces during these tests, and the tribofilms formed on samples run with used cylinder oil contained more sulphur than tribofilms formed on samples run with fresh cylinder oil. So far, we have not been able to see any beneficial effects of higher sulphur content in the oil.

Innovation of the Advanced Actuator

Actuator is a kind of swaying mechanism whose power source is the hydraulic pressure oil, which may be widely applied to varied occasions where need swaying mechanisms, such as aircraft, tank, ship, train, etc. An aircraft needed a most advanced actuator which can produce torque up to 28kg•m with its unit weight, and set strict demands on such indexes as weight, dimension. According to existing plan, an actuator was designed and manufactured, being far inferior to requirement, which adopted a complex gear train composed of 2K-H and 3K planetary reductors. On the basis of analyzing existing dozens of reductors, a new structure that achieves swaying with multi-start ball guide screw driven by reciprocating piston rod of high-pressure oil cylinder was put forward. Having analyzed and compared more than ten new type of plans, a structural model of straight-rotary ball pair was proposed, an ideal plan of identical radius ball-return was found, a new spatial tight ball-return curve was designed, and the optimal design of the advanced actuator was finished. Computer simulation and prototype experiment made clear that each index of the advanced actuator could satisfy the aircraft’s demand.

Study on Knowledge -based Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Hydraulic System

A general framework of hydraulic fault diagnosis system was studied. It consisted of equipment knowledge bases, real-time databases, fusion reasoning module, knowledge acquisition module and so on. A tree-structure model of fault knowledge was established. Fault nodes knowledge was encapsulated by object-oriented technique. Complete knowledge bases were made including fault bases and diagnosis bases. It could describe the fault positions, the structure of fault, cause-symptom relationships, diagnosis principles and other knowledge. Taking the fault of left and right lifting oil cylinder out of sync for example, the diagnostic results show that the methods were effective.

대형 2행정 디젤기관에 있어서 일체형 전자제어 축압분배 실린더 주유기 시스템의 송출유량 특성에 관한 연구

Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke diesel engine is of great economic importance. A motor-driven cylinder lubricator for Sulzer RT-flex large two-stroke diesel engines developed by authors is in need of modifying the lubricating system to lubricate cylinder parts optimally by an electronically controlled quill device according to changes of engine load and revolution speed. In order to apply the developed accumulating distributor to an integrated cylinder lubricator by the electronically controlled system as the third research stage, the lubricating system is improved in the electronically controlled quill device with a solenoid valve. In this study, the effects of lubricator revolution speed, driving pressure and cylinder back pressure on oil feed rate, maximum discharge and delivery pressures are experimentally investigated by using the integrated cylinder lubricator system with an accumulated distribution by the electronic control. It is found that the oil feed rate of the developed integral cylinder lubricator system is less than that of the motor-driven cylinder lubricator by the electronically controlled quill system equipped with an accumulating distributor because of the decrease of delivery speed by increasing the maximum delivery pressure in the same experimental condition.

A further evaluation of the mixing controlled direct chemistry (MCDC) combustion model for diesel engine combustion using large eddy simulation

The local mixing effect at sub-grid scale (SGS) is explored using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model with a mixing controlled direct chemistry (MCDC) model. The MCDC model is developed using the computation of chemical kinetics, thermo-chemical equilibrium state and SGS mixing effects by combining a mixing time scale and a kinetic time scale with the integration of direct chemistry solver (DCS) solutions. The mixing time scale is based on the SGS scalar variance and SGS scalar dissipation rate. The kinetic time scale is based on thermal–chemical equilibrium state and the kinetic reaction rate. These two time scales have been previously evaluated in experiments and computations, showed reasonable quantifications of local mixing and kinetic progress, which improved accuracy of combustion modeling.In this study, the conventional diffusion-type operating conditions are represented by a Caterpillar 3401™ single cylinder oil test engine (SCOTE). The cylinder-averaged results are compared between the DCS model, MCDC model and ‘Kong-Reitz’ model. A grid dependence study for the MCDC model on a baseline grid and a coarse grid is performed. The mixing time scale and kinetic time scale analysis for the MCDC model and ‘Kong-Reitz’ model is provided to investigate the differences in predictions. Compared to the DCS model and ‘Kong-Reitz’ model, the MCDC model shows improved capability in modeling mixing effects at the SGS level, which is represented by the improved prediction of combustion phasing and good matching with experimental results.

The Design of Disc Brake for Mine Hoist in Civil Engineering

This article will describe the research status and the features of control system of the disc brakes of mine hoist. The disc brakes consist of body, outer cylinder, cylinder, piston, ring, disc springs, plunger, gate disk and other components. The disc brakes use the pre-load of disc springs to force the piston to move towards the brake disc, push the brake pads out, then the brake pads and drum brake disc contact and resulting in positive pressure, then the formation of friction produce a braking torque. When the brake system loose pads, the cylinder is filled with the pressure oil, which make the piston compresses the disc springs, and promote the brake pads to move back and then left brake disc, remove the braking force. The hydraulic circuit of the braking system chooses two-way parallel oil and four oil cylinder brake. A slip road set up a one-way throttle, making the slip road brake slightly delayed, which will achieve two stage braking and make work more stable. This disc brake is normally closed, which means when the hoist does not work, the brake is in the state of braking to prevent the occurrence of accidents. This brake is safe, reliable and sensitive in action. The materials of brake pads is rigid asbestos plastic, which have stable friction coefficient, good wear resistance, is not sensitive to the aqueous medium and salt spray,it has flexible installation location, and it is easy to use, adjust and maintain.

Measurement and Calibration of the Displacement and Pressure in Automatic Wheelset Assembly Machine

This paper introduces the measurement systems of the oil cylinder in automatic wheelset assembly machine, theoretically analyzes the error of the displacement measurement system by curve fitting, and gets verification the error analysis in practice. This paper also calibrates pressure sensor from zero drift, slope of the output of the pressure sensor to guarantee the system pressure, and compensated pressure sensor value consistent.

Based on Quadratic Equations of Tyre Lifting Mechanism before Connecting Rod Combined-Type Modeling Method

The method of using two equations, a push connecting rod type dump before lifting mechanism of mathematical model, the use of mathematical and mechanical knowledge, establishing geometric equations, establish the statics equation, calculation and analysis, solution binary quadratic equations, get oil cylinder's thrust, and thus for study, so as to further optimized.

대형 2행정 디젤기관용 축압분배기 부착 전자제어식 퀼 시스템 모터구동 실린더 주유기의 주유 불균일률에 관한 연구

Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke diesel engine is of great economic importance. A motor-driven cylinder lubricator for Sulzer RT-flex large two-stroke diesel engines developed by authors is in need of mounting a quill system to lubricate cylinder parts for a smooth operation. In order to apply the common-rail lubricating system to the developed cylinder lubricator as the second research stage, the mechanical quill system with a progressively quantitative distributor (M.D.S.) is improved in the electronically controlled quill system with an accumulating distributor (E.D.S.). In this study, the effects of lubricator motor speed, plunger stroke and cylinder back pressure on oil feed rate and inequality rate are experimentally investigated by applying E.D.S. to the developed cylinder lubricator. It is found that the oil feed rate of E.D.S. is higher than that of M.D.S. because of the increase of delivery speed and volume by changing the role of accumulator in the same experimental condition. It can be also shown that, in E.D.S., the inequality rate is decreased a little or hardly unchanged as the cylinder back pressure and plunger stroke is elevated, while the inequality rate increased in M.D.S.. The inequality rates of E.D.S. and M.D.S. are lowered as the lubricator motor speed is increased.