Cylinder Head Gasket Research Articles

Perawatan Kompresor Udara Guna Menunjang Olah Gerak Kapal MV. CHARLOTTE

The purpose of this study is to detail the main causative factors of reservoir water tank issues that lead to delays in operating the main engine. The data analysis method used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the reasons for the compressor malfunction during the maneuvering of the MV. Charlotte include broken piston rings, damaged compressor cylinder head gaskets, leaks in high and low-pressure valves, and compression leaks in the compressor. The solution involves shutting down the compressor, closing the intake/outlet valves, removing the connecting rod bolts, replacing the piston rings, conducting a running test, cleaning the cylinder head surface, applying liquid gasket, and ensuring no leakage after installation. It is important to check and ensure the cylinder head bolts are tightened according to the manufacturer's manual. Additionally, shutting down the compressor, opening the valves, and performing skimming or replacing damaged components are necessary. Energy savings can be achieved by improving the compressed air system, which can reduce operational and maintenance costs. Compressor efficiency can be enhanced by using automatic controls to regulate compressor operation as needed and maintaining the system's air pressure as low as possible to minimize leakage. The conclusion emphasizes that efforts to ensure the compressor functions properly during ship maneuvers include repairing or replacing compressor components when damage is identified. If repairs are not possible, component replacement must be carried out immediately without delay.

An experimental investigation on performance of converted CNG engine by varying piston bowl geometry: A case study

ABSTRACT Using natural gas as an alternative fuel will be reduced exhaust emissions and dependence on petroleum. The practical solution for Vietnam’s conditions is to convert diesel engines into natural gas engines. Understanding the effect of piston geometry on the performance of converted CNG engines helps domestic manufacturers come up to spark ignition natural gas engines with high performance and low emission. In this work, three different types of combustion chamber were made from milling piston head and varying thickness of cylinder head gasket. The experiment results showed that torque and power of ε = 11.5 were more significant than ε = 12.5. During experiment processes, the stable operation state of the converted engine with ε = 12.5 was challenging to control, and the noise levels were intense. The results of mass fraction burned were presented the effect of squish gap on performance was more substantial than that of the squish area. It can be concluded that for modifying the original diesel engines to run on CNG fuel, the maximum compression ratio should be set to 12.5 and must be redesigned accordingly to use the natural results. Implications: This manuscript shows the new technology to convert traditional engines into engines fueled by renewable energy. It contributes to reducing the fossil fuel crisis and environmental emissions.

Cylinder head gasket design optimization based on high definition metrology

Traditional cylinder head gasket design is based on the assumption that the mating surfaces’ form is ideal plane. However, high definition metrology (HDM) shows that the top surface of cylinder blocks and the bottom surface of cylinder heads are far from ideal plane and presents a macro form error. To compensate the macro form error of the mating surfaces, a gasket design optimization method is proposed in this paper. It mainly consists of two modules. The first module is surface alignment and gap calculation. Measured surface topography is aligned by control point registration and the control points are found by region labelling algorithm. The second module is gasket design optimization based on surface gap. A case study shows the details of the proposed gasket design optimization method.

Research on the Coordination and Matching of Cylinder Head Gasket Strength and Sealing Performance

In this paper, the cylinder head gasket of a certain type of diesel engine is taken as the research object. Under the condition of changing the mechanical load parameters, the changing trend of the strength and sealing performance of the cylinder head gasket is analyzed, and then its reliability and durability are evaluated. Through the analysis, we can see that the changing trend of the strength and sealing performance of the cylinder head gasket is the opposite. Therefore, in this paper, the fatigue life and sealing performance of the cylinder head gasket are regarded as factors with equal weight, and the total coordination coefficient is introduced to measure the change of the strength and sealing performance of the cylinder head gasket after changing the explosion pressure and bolt preload, the best loading scheme is selected.

THE EFFECT OF GASOLINE VARIATION AND GASKET THICKNESS VARIATION ON CYLINDER HEAD TO TORQUE AND POWER ON HONDA SUPRA X 125 FI MOTORCYCLES IN 2015

The purpose of this study are (1) To identify the effect of variations in gasoline to torque and power on Honda Supra X 125 FI motorbikes in 2015. (2) To identify the effect of cylinder head gasket thickness variations on torque and power on Honda Supra X 125 FI motorcycles 2015. (3) To identify the highest torque and power after making variation on the thickness of the cylinder head gasket by using a variety of gasoline on a Honda Supra X 125 FI motorcycle in 2015. This research used expertiment method. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that: (1) A higher octane value in the type of gasoline fuel affects torque and power on a Honda Supra X 125 FI motorcycle in 2015. (2) The thickness of the cylinder head gasket affects the torque and power on a Honda motorcycle Supra X 125 FI in 2015. Torque and power have decreased in thickness of two cylinders head gaskets (0.6 mm) and thickness of 3 cylinder head gaskets (0.9 mm). (3) A higher octane value in the type of gasoline fuel and the thickness of the cylinder head gasket affects the torque and power of the Honda Supra X 125 FI motorcycle in 2015. (4) By using Pertalite fuel on the thickness of the standard cylinder head gasket (0, 3 mm) can produce optimal torque that is equal to 11.60 Nm at 4730 rpm engine speed and optimal power that is equal to 11.1 HP at 8407 rpm engine speed on a Honda Supra X 125 FI motorcycle in 2015. To produce the optimal torque and power on Honda Supra X 125 FI motorcycle in 2015 it is sugested to use a pertalite fuel with the standard head cylinder gasket thickness

A crevice corrosion assessment method for joints of mechanical components sealed with composite structure gaskets – The case of the engine cylinder head/mono-block joint

A test to evaluate crevice corrosion in joints of mechanical components sealed with composite structure gaskets in corrosive environments is presented. The crevice corrosion produced in joints comprising the cylinder head, gasket and mono-block was aimed as a study case to illustrate the test. It is based on polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization measurements obtaining localized and measurable crevice corrosion on small specimens in a short time. Corrosion rates, crevices volumes and potentiodynamic behavior of assembly specimens made of three different aluminum alloys extracted from actual cylinder heads and mono-blocks, and sections of cylinder head gasket were obtained and reported.

Совершенствование технологии контроля параметров смазочной системы дизеля Д-245

А significant factor affecting the reliability of the internal combustion engine and its technical and Economic indicators is the efficiency of the lubrication system. When the standard oil supply is applied, semiliquid friction occurs between the contacting parts, in which the parts are not completely separated by a layer of oil. However, with this friction, the required durability of components and parts with heat removal is guaranteed. The performance of the engine lubrication system is determined by the state of its elements (coarse and fine filters, oil radiator and pump, valves), as well as the quality of oil, its level in the internal combustion engine crankcase and temperature. In domestic internal combustion engines, the minimum oil level in the crankcase is controlled, but in operation there are situations when the oil level exceeds its maximum permissible value. This situation occurs when coolant or fuel enters the lubrication system. Coolant can get into the oil if the cylinder head gaskets, sleeve o-rings, or cracks in the cylinder head and block are broken. Top-Livo can enter the oil through worn and damaged parts of the fuel equipment (gas pump diaphragm, fuel pump plunger pairs, etc.). These liquids sharply degrade the quality of the oil and increase the wear of internal combustion engine parts, and the standard singlelevel indicator will not give the driver operational information about the malfunction. In connection with the above, the purpose of this work is to improve the technology for monitoring the technical condition of the internal combustion engine lubrication system on the example of the d-245 diesel engine and its modifications, which are widely used in GAZ (GAZ-3309), ZIL (ZIL-5301), MAZ (MAZ Zubrenok), PAZ buses (PAZ-3205), MTZ tractors (MTZ — 100, 892, 1020), agricultural and construction equipment.by developing and implementing a built — in device for monitoring the minimum and maximum oil levels in the crankcase, as well as its temperature. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the use of new circuit and technical solutions, as well as the original algorithm of the sensor operation developed by the authors, based on the use of switching laws of reed switches with normally closed and normally open contacts, the operation of which is spaced over time and controlled oil levels. Block diagram of the proposed device comprises a multifunction sensor level and oil temperature, including sensors of the mi-minimum and increased levels of engine oil in the crankcase of the engine and its temperature, the operation mode switch signal cooling temperature-edusei fluid and engine oil, the first and second voltage сomparators, indicator lights, buzzer, switch power supply, voltage regulator and regular temperature sensor coolant. The use of the developed device significantly increases the reliability and convenience of monitoring one of the most important indicators of internal combustion engines-the oil level in the crankcase, which will avoid significant engine damage. As a result of further research, it is planned to develop the device design, conduct laboratory studies of the developed multifunctional sensor in order to determine the dependence of its resistance on the temperature at the normal level of engine oil in the measuring flask, as well as determine the actual values of the developed sensor response heights at the lower and upper levels.

A finite element analysis-computational fluid dynamics coupled analysis on thermal-mechanical fatigue of cylinder head of a turbo-charged diesel engine

A finite element analysis-computational fluid dynamics coupled analysis on the thermo-mechanical fatigue of cylinder head of a turbo-charged diesel engine was performed, and the complete simulation process is illustrated in this paper. In-cylinder combustion analysis and water jacket coolant flow analysis were conducted to provide heat transfer boundary conditions to the temperature field calculation of the cylinder head. Comparing with the conventional finite element analysis of cylinder head by which the heat transfer boundary conditions of the combustion and coolant sides are estimated, the present method coupled the three-dimensional combustion computational fluid dynamics and coolant computational fluid dynamics with the finite element analysis. Both computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis obtain more accurate boundary conditions on their interface from each other, and thus, the present method improves accuracy of thermo-mechanical fatigue prediction. Based on the measured material performance parameters such as stress–strain curve under different temperatures and E–N curve, creep, and oxidation data material performance, the cylinder head–gasket–cylinder block finite element transient stress–strain field was calculated using ABAQUS. The thermo-mechanical fatigue analysis of cylinder head submodel was performed by using FEMFAT software that is based on the Sehitoglu model to predict the thermo-mechanical fatigue life of cylinder head. By comparing the measured and predicted temperatures of cylinder head, the temperature results showed a good agreement, and the error is less than 10%.

Simulasi Perancangan Press Tool Cylinder Head Gasket (3X –E 1181–00) Sepeda Motor Yamaha F1ZR

Press tool is a press tool used to cut or form a thin plate into the desired shape with a pressing or press machine. This press tool is designed to be able to produce goods in bulk with a relatively short processing time without reducing the quality of the product, so that work efficiency can be improved and can reduce production costs. The design of the press tool for making cylinder head gaskets (3XA - E 1181 - 00) is a Yamaha F1ZR motor with a thickness of 0.5 mm made from ST37 through two processes, namely the embossing process, besides forming, the punch embossing also functions as a stripper. stock), followed by the cutting tool (piercing and blanking) process. Judging from the type of construction, this press tool belongs to the type of compound tool. In the process of making construction products this type has two workmanship functions but in one step work. The force that occurs is the sum of the cutting force (F _p = Us. R_m). The punch center calculation is useful for knowing the center of emphasis. This component is a gas leak retaining plate on the engine cylinder located between the cylinder block and cylinder head.

Cylinder Head Gasket Fretting Simulation for High Horse Power Engine

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The head gasket of an internal combustion engine acts as a critical seal between its cylinder block and heads. Typically, and ideally, a high horse power engine head gasket will be composed of elastomer fluid sealing elements in a carrier and combustion seal body composed of aluminum, brass, carbon steel, copper, nickel, and/or stainless steel etc. The head gaskets purpose is to seal high pressure combustion gases, coolant, and oil and to ensure no leakage of gases or fluids out of the block to head joint.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Three major failure modes [<span class="xref">1</span>] for cylinder head gasket joint are; 1. Fluid or gas leakage due to low sealing pressure. 2. Head gasket (bead) cracking due to high gap alternation and 3. Gasket scrubbing/fretting due to pressure and temperature fluctuations causing relative movement in the joint. During engine operation, the head gasket design should be robust enough to prevent all failure modes and provide acceptable performance. Sealing analysis method to address low sealing pressure failure mode is well developed and common within the industry. This paper is focused on the development and utilization of an analytical method for the 3<sup>rd</sup> failure mode mentioned above i.e., scrubbing/fretting. Single layer metal gasket is considered during the scope of mentioned method. Single layer metal gasket gets locally yielded due to the design feature provided on the cylinder liner, called as bite ring.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">During the scope of work, head gasket fretting mechanism is investigated. Based on the understanding of the fundamental fretting mechanism, considering Ruiz model [<span class="xref">2</span>], an analysis procedure is developed and finite element analysis results are correlated with actual failures and measured data. Finite element analysis results shows very good correlation in terms of relative sliding magnitude and failure location prediction. Commercial software ANSYS is used here. Actual gasket crushing is simulated by using 3D solid elements with non-linear material and geometric non linearity captured.</div></div>

Experimental investigation for optimum compression ratio of single cylinder spark ignition engine

The present experimental investigation is intended to find the optimum compression ratio (CR) of single cylinder-spark ignition engine (SIE). In order to improve the performance characteristics of SIE includes improving brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and reducing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) which represents the main targets of this study. The volume of combustion chamber was altered by changing the thickness of cylinder head gasket, and keeping other components, that form the geometry shape of combustion chamber, constant to obtain various clearance volume and consequently variable compression ratios (VCRs). This altering permitted to have different values of CRs of 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, and 8.7 at engine speeds of 2600 and 2800 rpm at different loads. The results showed that BTE was increased by an average of 13 % with increase of CR from 8.5 to 8.7 and it was decreased by an average of 7.5 % with decrease of CR from 8.5 to 7 at an average speed. Also, it was found that BSFC was decreased with an average of 11 % as CR was increased from 8.5 to 8.7, whereas BSFC was increased with an average of 4.5 % as CR was decreased from 8.5 to 7 at an average speed. Based on these results, it is clearly obvious that the optimum CR is 8.7.

Experimental Investigation on Establishing the HCCI Process Fueled by N-Heptane in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine at Different Compression Ratios

Establishing the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) process in a diesel engine, in order to improve exhaust emission quality while extending the HCCI regime, is one of the challenges in applying HCCI in worldwide applications. This can be done by decreasing the compression ratio, and controlling the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate and charging temperature. In this paper, an original single cylinder diesel engine was converted to n-heptane-fueled HCCI with the fuel injected into the intake manifold. At the designed compression ratio of 20:1, the HCCI engine could operate stably at low speed (from 1600 rpm to 2000 rpm) and low load (10% to 20% load). In addition, reducing the compression ratio from 20:1 to 14.87:1 by changing the thickness of the cylinder head gasket and with no EGR applied extended the operating range to 50% load and 3200 rpm speed.

Cylinder Head Bolt Tightening Strategies in Case of Multi-Cylinder Engines and Its Effect on Gasket Sealing Performance, Bore Deformation and Piston Ring Conformability

ABSTRACT The cylinder head gasket (CHG) joint is the most critical sealing joint for IC engine performance. Cylinder head bolt preload application should be stoichiometric. Excess cylinder head bolt pre-tension develops more stress and further leads to bore deformation. Insufficient cylinder head bolt pre-tension leads to gasket leakage. It is challenging to achieve uniform pressure distribution because of variation in stiffness of block and head. But the minimum pressure must be ensured for leak-proof joint. In this article, gasket pressure distribution around the cylinder bore is estimated by non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and compared with Fuji Film results. Bore deformations, due to spiral and cross patterns, are determined and compared. Piston ring conformability is estimated in terms of percentage sealing of the ring to the liner. Effects of bolt tightening strategies are investigated for engine gasket sealing parameter, bore deformation and piston ring conformability.

Heat release analysis of gasoline fumigation in a diesel engine

The aim of this study is to investigate experimentally gasoline fumigation (GF) and to apply heat release (HRR) analysis for two different compression ratios (CRs) for different gasoline fumigation ratios (GFs) at two engine speeds in an automotive diesel engine. Here, gasoline at 5–20 % (by vol.) ratios was injected in to intake air by using an adapted carburetor. Firstly, GF tests were conducted for original CR (18.25, high compression ratio, HCR) of the engine. Then, CR of the engine was reduced to 17 (low compression ratio, LCR) by changing of cylinder head gasket thickness and GF were also investigated for LCR. In this study, HRR was analyzed by using measured cylinder pressure values. At the end of the experimental study; it was seen that GF creates two peaks in HRR curve for selected all of the operating conditions. The first peak occurs before top dead center (TDC) and the second peak occurs after TDC. The first peak becomes larger and second peak decreases with increasing GFs. This indicates that combustion process is better than that of neat diesel fuel (NDF), especially for low GF ratios. In addition, GF increases cylinder pressure and temperature.

Experimental investigation of gasoline fumigation for different compression ratios in a diesel engine

In this study, the effects of gasoline injection into intake air (gasoline fumigation, GF) on the brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc), combustion characteristics such as excess air coefficient and exhaust temperature (Tex), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and opacity were experimentally investigated in an automotive diesel engine. One of the main objectives of this study is to experimentally investigate the effects of GF at the same engine for different compression ratios (CRs). The original CR of the engine is 18.25 (high CR, HCR). Here, CR of the engine was changed to 17 (low CR, LCR) by changing the cylinder head gasket thickness. Thus, experiments were performed for two different CRs such as 18.25 and 17 under five different loads such as 150, 135, 120, 105, and 90 Nm at 2000 rpm and under five different load such as 120, 105, 90, 75, and 60 Nm at 4000 rpm for various gasoline fumigation ratios (GFs). In this study; approximately 5, 10, 15 and 20 %, (by vol.) gasoline was injected into intake air by using an adapted carburetor. The test results showed that GF decreases bsfc for all of the working conditions. NOx emissions decrease with GF for high CR at 2000 rpm, but it generally increases for low CR (17) under high loads. NOx emissions increase significantly with GF for both CRs at 4000 rpm. Opacity decreases at low GFs, but it increases at high GFs. In general, the results of GF at the original CR (HCR) are better than the LCR. However, in the present study, no arrangement has been made in the electronic control unit (ECU) of the engine for changed CR.

シリンダヘッドガスケットのせん断すべり挙動を考慮した シリンダ変形予測（第２報） －ガスケットのモデル化に対する考察－

シリンダヘッドガスケットのせん断すべり挙動を考慮した シリンダ変形予測（第２報） －ガスケットのモデル化に対する考察－

Cylinder Head Bolts Tightening Strategies Parameters Finalization by Taguchi Method for Multi Cylinder Engines

The Cylinder head gasket (CHG) joint is the most important sealing joint for IC engine performance. Cylinder head bolt preload application should be stoichiometric. Excess cylinder head bolt pre-tension develops more stresses and extra bore deformation and insufficient cylinder head bolt pre-tension leads to gasket leakage. Uniform pressure distribution is required on cylinder head gasket but it is not possible because of varying stiffness of the head and block. Hence maximum pressure distribution is better for avoiding the leakages. Bore deformation, engine blow-by and lubricating oil consumption (LOC) of the engine minimum is better for achieving stringent emission norms. Influences of application method of preload, cylinder head bolt tightening pattern and number of passes are investigated on gasket pressure distribution, bore deformation, engine blow-by and LOC. FEA non-linear analysis is carried out for gasket pressure distribution and bore deformation. Piston and piston ring software is used for simulating engine blow-by and LOC. For optimizing controllable parameters Taguchi design of experiments method is used for robust and optimized design. Study reveals that tightening parameters influences are significant. This study is very important for IC engine efficiency improvement and engine CO2 emission reduction at design stage for new engine development program.

The Effects of Cylinder Head Gasket Opening on Engine Temperature Distribution for a Water-Cooled Engine

In a liquid-cooled engine, coolant is pumped throughout the water jacket of the engine, drawing heat from the cylinder head, pistons, combustion chambers, cylinder walls, and valves, etc. If the engine temperature is too high or too low, various problems will occur. These include overheating of the lubricating oil and engine parts, excessive stresses between engine parts, loss of power, incomplete burning of fuel, etc. Thus, the engine should be maintained at the proper operating temperature. This study investigated the effects of different cylinder head gasket opening on the engine temperature distributions in a water-cooled motorcycle engine. The numerical predictions for the temperature distribution are in good agreement with the experimental data within 20%.

Prediction of Cylinder Deformation Considering Shear Slipping Behavior of Cylinder Head Gasket

Prediction of Cylinder Deformation Considering Shear Slipping Behavior of Cylinder Head Gasket

Investigation of the degradation of a low-cost untreated biogas engine using preheated biogas with phase separation for electric power generation

Today, environmental concerns push for new technologies to reduce our energy dependence on fossil fuels.The use of treated biogas in dual-fuel diesel engines is common as it has no major effects on engine performance and it only requires minor engine modifications, consisting mostly on premixing and injection timing advance.However, biogas itself cannot be directly used in engines because of degradation caused by acid attacks and sulfidation, making sulfur compound filtration a necessity. In this case, biogas use is economically competitive for relatively big installations with electrical power above ≈100–200 kW. Simple, low-costs solutions are needed for small installations (below 100 kW).The objective of this paper is to assess the degradation of a 3.1 kW diesel engine in dual-fuel mode with preheated untreated biogas with phase separation. The modifications on the engine consist only in an exhaust/biogas heat exchanger with phase separation and lubricant replacement with a higher total base number. These changes are relatively costless compared to removing sulfur from the biogas. A test engine did function for 550 h with preheated untreated biogas containing 2000 ppmv of H2S. The load was maintained at 60% of maximum load with 50% of diesel replacement with biogas. Degradation was monitored by visual inspection, weight and size measurements of engine parts, in-cylinder pressure measurements, and oil analysis. Dismantling of the engine at the end of the experiment showed almost negligible signs of degradation.For comparison purposes, a similar test was conducted on the engine with the same operating conditions but without biogas preheating or phase separation. The degradation observed was noticeably more important in that experiment as the oil total base number decreased faster and cylinder head gasket wear was more important.Biogas preheating with phase separation seems a promising low-cost alternative for biogas use in small farms as it limits acid attacks and sulfidation in engines.