Cycle Variations Research Articles

Seasonal changes in the reproductive cycle and condition index of the surf clam Mactra stultorum (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia

The reproductive biology of Mactra stultorum from the Gulf of Gabes was investigated monthly during a oneyear period (2017). This study is the first study examining its reproductive biology during one-year in the south of Tunisia. The overall samples presented a balanced sex ratio, with males dominating among smaller individuals (< 22 mm) and females predominating in larger size classes (> 34 mm). The obtained total sex ratio (F:M) was equal to 1.03:1. The size at first maturity (SL50%) was 20.43 and 22.10 mm for males and females, respectively. The seasonal variations assessed through macro- and microscopic characteristics in the gonads of both sexes indicated a clearly defined annual reproductive cycle with a principal spawning peak during summer and a resting period during December and January. The reproduction of M. stultorum was strongly influenced by fluctuations in the seawater temperature, as reflected through the temporal variation in the gonadal cycle, condition index (CI) and tissue weight rate (TiWR). If managed properly, M. stultorum is expected to meet the domestic market demand through artisanal fishery. The adoption and implementation of rules, such as limiting the size of clams, is required to protect this new exploitable fishery resource.

Investigating the effect of laser modulation and input energy on bending mechanism and bending angle in the multi-pass laser forming process through real-time monitoring

Laser forming is a non-contact type process used for bending, spatial forming, and alignment of metallic components through a controlled application of laser energy. The process involves localized rapid heating and cooling, inducing thermal strains exceeding the elastic strain of the material resulting in plastic deformation. The process is broadly governed by the temperature gradient mechanism (TGM), buckling mechanism (BM), and upsetting mechanism (UM). However, in the case of multi-pass laser forming process, heat accumulation and variation in the flow stress because of consecutive thermal cycles and strain hardening due to multiple bending cycles makes the process highly complicated. While operating laser in modulated mode may be a wise choice to handle the heat accumulation, inter-pulse cooling cycles along with variation in peak and average power with change in duty cycle affects the bending mechanism and angle significantly. Therefore, in the present study, a real-time monitoring system was developed to investigate the bending mechanism for a multi-pass laser forming process carried out in laser modulated mode. Also, the effect of average power, peak power, heat accumulation, strain hardening on bending mechanism and bending angle were investigated. Keeping the peak power constant, variation in duty cycle from 100% to 40% resulted in reduced average energy and strain hardening was found to be dominant, decreasing bending angle per pass. On contrast, variation in duty cycle by keeping the average power constant resulted in heat accumulation dominating the bending mechanism.

India’s Role in Global Climate Change Management

Global Climate change refers to the long-term shifts that take place in temperature and weather conditions. These changes can occur on their own, due to variations in the solar cycle but the changes that are being referred to here are not natural they have been caused by anthropogenic activities. Green House Gases (GHGs) emissions have accumulated in the atmosphere, and they keep rising each year. It is important to limit the global temperature, otherwise, disruptions in the climatic system would create difficulties for human societies. The only way to limit rapid climate change is to decrease our collective emissions that demands global management, governance, and participation of all countries. Thus, the allocation of responsibilities for the mitigation of GHGs lies at the heart of climate change management. The main objective of this paper is to examine India’s contribution at the global level to the management of global climate change. This study used an analytical and normative approach with the qualitative research methods and secondary sources to address the research objectives. The study revealed that India has been instrumental in shaping the climate regime from the very beginning, it has played a key role in developing the normative framework of the climate regime, its principles, rules, and norms.
 Keywords: Global, Climate Change Management, India

A practical approach of partial striking technique in high-rise buildings

PurposeThis research proposes a viable method of slab and shore load computation for the partial striking technique utilized in high-rise construction projects to optimize the use of horizontal formwork. The proposed Partial Striking Simplified Method (PSSM) is designed to be utilized by industry practitioners to schedule the construction operations of casting floors in order to control the formwork costs incurred throughout the completion of a project.Design/methodology/approachThe article presents the PSSM for calculating slab and shore loads in multi-story building construction. It introduces the concept of “clearing before striking,” where shore supports are partially removed after a few days of pouring fresh concrete. The PSSM procedure is validated through numerical analysis and compared to other simplified approaches. Additionally, a user-friendly Python program based on the PSSM procedure is developed to explore the capability of the PSSM procedure and is used to study the variations in slab load, shoring level, concrete grade and cycle time.FindingsThe study successfully developed a more efficient and reliable method for estimating the loads on shores and slabs using partial striking techniques for multi-story building construction. Compared to other simplified approaches, the PSSM procedure is simpler and more precise, as demonstrated through numerical analysis. The mean of shore and slab load ratios are 1.08 and 1.07, respectively, which seems to have a slight standard deviation of 0.29 and 0.21 with 3D numerical analysis. The Python program developed for load estimation is effective in exploring the capability of the proposed PSSM procedure. The Python program's ability to identify the floor under maximum load and determine the specific construction stage provides valuable insights for multi-story construction, enabling informed decision-making and optimization of construction methods.Practical implicationsHigh-rise construction in Indian cities is booming, though this trend is not shared by all the country's major metropolitan areas. The growing construction sector in urban cities demands rapid construction for efficient utilization of formwork to control the construction costs of project. The proposed procedure is the best option to optimize the formwork construction cost, construction cycle time, the suitable formwork system with optimum cost, concrete grade for the adopted level of shoring in partaking and many more.Originality/valueThe proposed PSSM reduces the calculation complexity of the existing simplified method. This is done by considering the identical slab stiffness and identical shore layout for uniform load distribution throughout the structure. This procedure utilizes a two-step load distribution calculation for clearing phase. Initially, the 66% prop load of highest floor level is distributed uniformly over the lower interconnected slabs. In the second step, the total prop load is removed equally from all slabs below it. This makes the load distribution user-friendly for the industry expert.

A comprehensive study on physics-based simulation combined multi-objective optimization of capacity decay and voltage loss of Vanadium redox flow battery

This paper proposes physics-based simulation combined multi-objective optimization approach for reduction of both capacity decay and voltage loss of Vanadium redox flow battery. In this approach, firstly, a physics-based-electrochemical model for a single-cell VRFB is developed based on the dynamic plug flow reactor model and is used to obtain capacity decay and voltage loss under various conditions. Simulation studies were then conducted to investigate the effects of electrolyte flow rate and electrode fiber diameter on the VRFB performance. The capacity decay in VRFB relies mainly on the vanadium ions’ variation between two half-cells. The variation in the long-term cycle is fundamentally due to the electrolyte transfer across the membrane. The lower electrolyte flow rate, as well as electrode fiber diameter, can reduce the capacity decay as the electrolyte’s velocity across the membrane decreases. However, the lower electrolyte flow rate and electrode fiber diameter increase the voltage loss considering open circuit voltage loss, activation overpotential, and concentration overpotential. Finally, a novel optimization framework combined with simulation and the meta-heuristic algorithm is introduced to reduce both capacity decay and voltage loss in VRFB simultaneously. The proposed multi-objective method shows a significant reduction of both capacity decay and voltage loss.

Classic and 11-oxygenated androgens in serum and saliva across adulthood: a cross-sectional study analyzing the impact of age, body mass index, and diurnal and menstrual cycle variation

Classic and 11-oxygenated androgens in serum and saliva across adulthood: a cross-sectional study analyzing the impact of age, body mass index, and diurnal and menstrual cycle variation

Pre-salt carbonate cyclicity and depositional environment: NMR petrophysics and Markov cyclicity of lacustrine acoustic facies (Santos Basin, Brazil)

The Pre-salt strata are idealized as a lake-dominated breakup depositional sequence recorded between the South American and African continental margins to which there is no present-day analog. Most of the complexities of the Pre-salt reservoir rely on addressing carbonate cyclicities at different scales using limited cored intervals where well-log and seismic correlation is still unclear. In this case, the application of borehole image logs (BHI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques allows not only the scale correlation and extensive data acquisition but also to establish a more robust relationship between acoustic facies and their petrophysical significance. For that, this work combines BHI and NMR data to propose a feasible scheme of depositional acoustic facies for the Barra Velha Formation in the Santos Basin. To verify the statistical significance of the acoustic facies’ vertical organization, this work applied the Markov chain analysis along a c. 500 m stratigraphic interval, deriving four carbonate cycles associated with shallowing and reworking lacustrine cyclicities. Abrupt changes in cyclicity patterns were adopted as stratigraphic markers to subdivide the succession into lowermost, intermediate, and uppermost intervals that record the depositional history of deep, shallow, and emergent lake environments, respectively. By comparing the thickness variation of the Markovian cycles (i.e., accommodation space) with the seismic onlap curve variation (i.e., lake level) throughout the Pre-salt interval, a larger-scale superimposed cycle was unraveled, suggesting that accommodation space of the studied Pre-salt paleolake was likely controlled by fluctuations in the lake level. Finally, this work aimed to explore the applicability of diagnostic criteria for the description and interpretation of depositional acoustic facies, their petrophysical significance, and cyclicity patterns in the Barra Velha Formation.

The small-bat-in-summer paradigm: Energetics and adaptive behavioural routines of bats investigated through a stochastic dynamic model.

Strong seasonality at high latitudes represents a major challenge for many endotherms as they must balance survival and reproduction in an environment that varies widely in food availability and temperature. To avoid energetic mismatches caused by limited foraging time and stochastic weather conditions, bats employ the energy-saving state of torpor during summer to save accumulated energy reserves. However, at high-latitude small-bats-in-summer face a particular challenge: as nocturnal foragers, they rely on the darkness at night to avoid predators and/or interspecific competition, but live in an environment with short, light summer nights, and even a lack of true night at the northernmost distributions of some bat species. To predict optimal behaviour in relation to latitudinal variation in diurnal cycles, we constructed a stochastic dynamic programming model of bats living at high latitudes. Using a stochastic dynamic programming framework with values that are representative for our study system, we show that individual energetic reserves are a strong driver of daytime use of torpor and night-time foraging behaviour alike, with these linked effects being both temperature- and photoperiod-dependent. We further used the model to predict survival probabilities at five locations across a latitudinal gradient (60.1° N to 70.9° N), finding that combinations of photoperiod and temperature conditions limited population distributions in the model. To verify our model results, we compared predictions for optimal decisions with our own empirical data collected on northern bats (Eptesicus nilssonii) from two latitudes in Norway. The similarities between our predictions and observations provide strong evidence that this model framework incorporates the most important drivers of diurnal decision-making in bat physiology and behaviour. Comparing empirical data and model predictions also revealed that bats facing lighter night conditions further north restrict their mass gain, which strengthens the hypothesis that predation threat is a main driver of bat nocturnality. Our model findings regarding state-dependent decisions in bats should contribute to the understanding of how bats cope with the summer challenges at high latitudes.

Seawater carbon and strontium isotope variations in the eastern Tarim Basin during the Cambrian: Implications for connection with the open ocean

Cambrian was a critical period in Earth's history, marked by rapid diversification of early animals and significant changes in oceanic conditions. Marine sediments, particularly carbonates, have been used to study variations in the global carbon cycle, seawater redox, weathering input, etc. In search of new archives of Cambrian paleo-seawater chemistry, we conducted an integrated study of Cambrian C and Sr isotope stratigraphy using the carbonates of the Xingdi section in the Kruqtagh region of the eastern Tarim Basin. Based on reported paleontological data, the C isotope record is comparable to the Cambrian global seawater C isotope variation, providing a feasible stratigraphic framework for the Cambrian strata in the eastern Tarim Basin. A sharp δ13C increase at the top of the Xidasan Formation probably corresponds to the recovery of the Redlichiid–Olenellid Extinction C isotope Excursion. Additionally, a negative C isotope excursion in the lower part of the Mohuosan Formation and a positive C isotope excursion at the bottom of the Tuersaketagh Formation likely correspond to DrumIan Carbon isotope Excursion and Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion, respectively. However, the Sr isotope curve in the eastern Tarim Basin decoupled from global seawater Sr isotope variations during Cambrian Series 2–3 until Furongian, indicating that the eastern Tarim Basin was not well connected with the open ocean until Furongian. It also highlights a significant impact of paleogeographical connections of basins with the open ocean on their seawater Sr isotopic signal.

Effect of surface crack dimension on very low cycle fatigue crack growth behavior of circumferential cracked pipes

In this study, the effects of surface crack depth and length on the fracture behavior of circumferentially cracked pipes under very low cyclic loading were investigated via finite element (FE) damage analysis using an energy-based damage model. The FE analysis method was first validated by comparison with the SA508 Gr.1a surface-cracked pipe test results. Using FE damage analysis, a parametric study was conducted for a surface-cracked pipe with cracks of different depths and lengths, giving the same limit load. The variations in crack penetration and unstable fracture cycles depending on crack depth and length are discussed.

The Precipitation‐Recycling Process Enhanced Extreme Precipitation in Xinjiang, China

AbstractThe amount, frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation over Xinjiang have increased dramatically under the wetting trend in Northwest China, but long‐term trends in the precipitation‐recycling process remain largely unexplored. Based on dynamic recycling model and MERRA2 reanalysis, we revealed a mean recycling ratio for extreme precipitation in Xinjiang of 42.3% with a growth rate of 2.3% decade−1 during 1982–2019. The increasing trend of extreme precipitation was almost equally attributed to increased recycling precipitation (49%) and external precipitation (51%). The extreme precipitation in Xinjiang exhibited two peak centers, the Tianshan Mountains region (TS) and Kunlun Mountains region (KL), highlighting variations in the water cycle. Specifically, the external cycle predominated the increased extreme precipitation in TS (61%), while the recycling process mainly influenced the increase in KL (67%) due to markedly enhanced evapotranspiration. Moisture source attribution further proved the crucial role of evapotranspiration from Xinjiang and its vicinity in extreme precipitation.

Impact of Anomalous Active Regions on the Large-scale Magnetic Field of the Sun

One of the major sources of perturbation in the solar cycle amplitude is believed to be the emergence of anomalous active regions that do not obey Hale’s polarity law and Joy’s law of tilt angles. Anomalous regions containing high magnetic flux that disproportionately impact the polar field are sometimes referred to as “rogue regions.” In this study, utilizing a surface flux transport model, we analyze the large-scale dipole moment buildup due to the emergence of anomalous active regions on the solar surface. Although these active regions comprise a small fraction of the total sunspot number, they can substantially influence the magnetic dipole moment buildup and subsequent solar cycle amplitude. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the impact of “anti-Joy” regions on the solar cycle is similar to those of “anti-Hale” regions. We also find that the emergence time, emergence latitude, relative number, and flux distribution of anomalous regions influence the large-scale magnetic field dynamics in diverse ways. We establish that the results of our numerical study are consistent with the algebraic (analytic) approach to explaining the Sun’s dipole moment evolution. Our results are relevant for understanding how anomalous active regions modulate the Sun’s large-scale dipole moment buildup and its reversal timing within the framework of the Babcock–Leighton dynamo mechanism—now believed to be the primary source of solar cycle variations.

Research on the air supply adjustment technology of breath-following powered air-purifying respirators

In the hope of reducing the air supply flow of the powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) and extending the service life of the filter, a breath-following powered air-purifying respirator (BF-PAPR) that can dynamically adjust the air supply flow according to the breathing flow is proposed. The BF-PAPR changes the air supply flow by adjusting the speed of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan according to the air velocity at the half mask outlet (vhm) monitored by the modular wind speed transmitter. In the study, the air supply flow adjustment model of the BF-PAPR is developed. It is found that the filtration resistance barely influences vhm. In addition, under the same mean inhalation flow, the minimum outlet air velocity increases first and then decreases with the increase of the duty cycle variation coefficient (λ), while the maximum outlet air velocity decreases first and then increases. Moreover, the minimum air supply flow of the BF-PAPR is achieved when the standard value of the air velocity is 13.4 m/s and the value of λ is 1. The BF-PAPR can reduce the air supply flow by 6.5%-8.6% and the energy consumption by approximately 20% compared with the PAPR, which is beneficial for reducing the usage cost and extending the continuous working time.

Enhanced two way shape memory effect in nanocrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy wires

Two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) has wide application prospect in the field of lightweight actuators. In the present study, an excellent TWSME with large magnitude and small cyclic degradation of NiTi wires is achieved by combining martensite deformation and nanocrystallization. The wires attain a maximum of 7.37% TWSME strain after pre-deformed to 11% and maintain a stable strain of 6.88% after 20 cycles. Microstructural characterization reveals that the excellent TWSME originates from both the dislocation structures induced by martensite deformation and nanocrystalline strengthened matrix. On one hand, the former provides adequate oriented stress field. On the other hand, the latter guarantees the availability of high-volume fraction of preferentially oriented martensite variations in subsequent thermal cycles through suppressing the formation of deformation twins, which are frequently discussed in coarse-grain NiTi.

Vertical Divergence Characteristics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Influencing Factors in a Karst Deep-Water Reservoir, Southwest China

In deep karst reservoirs, the internal environment is complex, and thermal stratification isnot the only factor controlling the vertical distribution of the DIC concentration. Previous studies have not fully understood the migration and transformation of DIC in a deep-water reservoir. In this study, a deep-water reservoir in southwest China was chosen, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of the DIC concentration, pCO2, δ13CDIC value, and SIc were investigated. It was found that the Pingzhai Reservoir is a double temperature leapfrog reservoir. The DIC concentration, pCO2, Sic, and δ13CDICvalues showed annual cycle variation. During the thermal stratification phase, the DIC concentration, pCO2, Sic, and δ13CDICvalues were significantly different between the surface layer and the lower layer. However, during the mixing and mixed phases, the differences were not significant. The vertical divergence of the DIC in the Pingzhai Reservoir was influenced by the subtemperate layer, human activities, and sources. The formation of the subtemperate layer was due to the submerged flow formed when river water enteredthe reservoir, which provides a channel for DIC from the river to enter the lower layer of the reservoir. Human activities increased the solubility of carbonate rocks in the reservoir, and the source of DIC was one of the factors contributing to the concentration stratification of DIC in the reservoir.

Solar Cycle Variation of 0.3–1.29 MeV Nucleon−1 Heavy Ion Composition During Quiet Times Near 1 au in Solar Cycles 23 and 24

We report on the annual variation of quiet-time suprathermal ion composition for C through Fe using Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE)/Ultra-Low Energy Isotope Spectrometer data over the energy range 0.3–1.28 MeV nuc−1 from 1998 through 2019, covering solar cycle 23's rising phase through Solar Cycle 24's declining phase. Our findings are: (1) quiet-time suprathermal abundances resemble CIR-associated particles during solar minima; (2) quiet-time suprathermals are M/Q fractionated in a manner that is consistent with M/Q fractionation in large gradual solar energetic particle events (GSEP) during solar maxima; and (3) variability within the quiet-time suprathermal pool increases as a function of M/Q and is consistent with the analogous variability in GSEP events. From these observations, we infer that quiet-time suprathermal ions are remnants of CIRs in solar minima and GSEP events in solar maxima. Coincident with these results, we also unexpectedly show that S behaves like a low FIP ion in the suprathermal regime, and is therefore drawn from low FIP solar sources.

Integrated Isolated AC/DC Converter Using IOFL for LED Driver Applications

Power factor correction, voltage and current ripple reduction and eradicating short-life electrolytic capacitors are challenging issues in state-of-the-art ac/dc Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) drivers. Conventional single-stage drivers need an electrolytic capacitor to ensure low output current flicker. However, electrolyte capacitors having a high failure rate, reduce the life-span of the LED driver. To cover these challenges, in this paper an integrated LED driver is proposed. The proposed driver, is combined of three dc/dc converters with only one active switch. It features high power factor, low current flicker, and due to using only one active switch its cost, volume, complexity and power loss is low. The driver is analyzed step by step to show the operation principles based on duty cycle variations. Dynamic analysis and control design of the proposed driver is presented based on nonlinear control by Input-Output Feedback Linearization (IOFL). The simulation and experimental results have been provided to verify the versatility of the proposed driver.

Effects of a recipe based on three leafy vegetables consumed in Brazzaville on the reproductive function of the wistar rat

Spinacia oleracea, Amaranthus hybridus of the Chenopodiaceae family and Brassica campestris of the Brassicaceae family are vegetables consumed in Brazzaville for their nutritional virtues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the recipe based on these three leafy vegetables on reproductive functions. The recipe at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/Kg was administered to male and female rats. The aphrodisiac effects of the recipe in males were evaluated on the numbers of sexual mounts, erections, ejaculations, and latency time; and the estrogenic activities in females, based on the variation of the sexual cycle, the state of the vaginal meatus and the cervical mucus. On acute toxicity, the results show that the aqueous extract (EA) of the recipe does not alter the general condition and behaviour of mice, and no mortality was recorded. In male rats the 500 mg/Kg recipe extract significantly increased the number of sexual mounts, erections, and ejaculations; and decreased the latency time. In females, the 500 mg/kg dose of the extract caused blocking of the cycle in oestrus and pro-oestrus, with increased cervical mucus and vaginal opening. Estradiol levels were also increased. The flavonoids, saponosides and steroids observed in this extract could be responsible for the effects observed on the sexual parameters studied in male and female rats.

Interannual Variability of Energy and CO2 Exchanges in a Remnant Area of the Caatinga Biome under Extreme Rainfall Conditions

Research focusing on energy, water vapor, and CO2 exchanges over the Caatinga Biome is recent. Consequently, there exist research gaps on this topic that limit our ability to understand and project interannual and long-term variations in the CO2 cycle of this environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the energy and CO2 balances of the Caatinga Biome under extreme rainfall conditions (extreme drought and intense rainfall) using simulations of the SITE model (Simple Tropical Ecosystem Model). Meteorological data from the years 2009 (heavy rainfall) and 2012 (extreme drought) obtained from an INMET automatic station were used. Relationships between monthly GPP and NEE values and rainfall were also analyzed. Although the SITE model had been previously calibrated for the region, adjustments to the calibration were necessary for our study due to the extreme climatic values of the selected years. The results highlight the impact of rainfall on energy and mass exchanges over the Caatinga, particularly evident in the partitioning of the energy balance and the CO2 balance. In 2009 (during heavy rainfall), the fraction of Rn converted into LE was nearly 6% higher compared to the values observed in 2012 (during extreme drought). Regarding CO2, it was found that the Caatinga behaved as a sink, even under extreme drought conditions (2012), with annual average values of −1.86 µmol m−2 s−1 (2009) and −0.81 µmol m−2 s−1 (2012). Relationships between monthly GPP and NEE values and rainfall were also investigated, revealing an asymptotic relationship between the components of CO2 balance and rainfall. It was evident that both the monthly values of GPP and NEE tend to stabilize when monthly rainfall volumes exceed 200 mm.

P-322 Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals endometrial immune microenvironment in minimal/mild endometriosis

Abstract Study question This study aimed to systematically understand the endometrial leukocyte types, inflammatory environment, and impaired receptivity at single-cell resolution. Summary answer These results provide new insights into the endometrial immune microenvironment and impaired endometrial receptivity in infertile women with minimal/mild endometriosis. What is known already Endometriosis is a common inflammatory disorder in women of reproductive age due to an abnormal endometrial immune environment and is associated with infertility. Study design, size, duration We profiled single-cell RNA transcriptomes of 138,057 endometrial cells from endometriosis patients (n = 6) and control (n = 7), respectively, using 10x Genomics platform. Participants/materials, setting, methods We profiled single-cell RNA transcriptomes of 138,057 endometrial cells from endometriosis patients (n = 6) and control (n = 7), respectively, using 10x Genomics platform. Main results and the role of chance We found that one cluster of epithelial cells that expressed PAEP and CXCL14 was mostly from the control during the window of implantation (WOI). This epithelial cell type is absent in the eutopic endometrium during the secretory phase. The proportion of endometrial immune cells decreased in the secretory phase in the control group, whereas the cycle variation of total immune cells, NK cells, and T cells was absent in endometriosis. Endometrial immune cells secreted more IL-10 in the secretory phase than in the proliferative phase in the control group; the opposite trend was observed in endometriosis. Proinflammatory cytokines levels in the endometrial immune cells were higher in endometriosis than in the control group. Trajectory analysis revealed that the secretory phase epithelial cells decreased in endometriosis. Ligand–receptor analysis revealed that 11 ligand-receptor pairs were upregulated between endometrial immune and epithelial cells during WOI. Limitations, reasons for caution Our study had some limitations, such as the small sample size and lack of validation experiments. Further studies are needed to demonstrated the conclusions of our bioinformatic analysis, like in situ validation of receptor-ligand pairs analysis. Therefore, more evidence is needed to clearly state the pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated infertility. Wider implications of the findings This database will provide an essential resource for understanding the eutopic endometrial inflammatory environment and defective endometrial receptivity in patients with endometriosis-associated infertility. Trial registration number 82071625