Cyberspace Technology Research Articles

СПІВВІДНОШЕННЯ ЖИТТЄВО ВАЖЛИВИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ ЛЮДИНИ, СУСПІЛЬСТВА ТА ДЕРЖАВИ У КОНТЕКСТІ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КІБЕРНЕТИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The article is devoted to the issue on balancing the important interests of a person, a society and the state in cyber space by means of administrative law. The purpose of this article is to determine the legal nature and the role of the correspondence of the important interests of a person, a society and the state in cyber space in the context of administrative and legal provision of cyber security. The paper also deals with a proper balance between the law-enforcement interests of the state and the respect for fundamental human rights. The method of analysis has revealed in clarifying some features of concepts "interest", "need", "right". The method of synthesis has been used to define common concepts, for example "person's interest in cyberspace". Comparative legal method has been used in the process of comparison of the legislation of Ukraine and the international legislation that governs the issue on balancing the important interests of a person, a society and the state in cyber space. The author of this research presents the possible structure of person's cyber security through a set of important person's rights and interests in cyberspace, for example, the right to access to the Internet; the right to protect personal data in cyberspace; the right to be protected from aggressive marketing technologies in cyberspace, the prohibition of monitoring, including through cookies, HTTP, HTML5 markers or other technologies; the right to education, the right to access knowledge through the use of cyberspace etc. Conclusions and proposals of this research can be used for further research and for improving the administrative and information legislation of Ukraine, including the Law of Ukraine "On the Fundamental Principles of Cyber Security of Ukraine". Keywords: the balance of interests of the person, society and state, cyber space usage, public interest, private interest.

Powers of Division: “Smart” Spaces as Controlling Workplace Activity Fragmentation

In this article we argue that “smart” work spaces are created through access to wireless networks and mobile cloud computing collaboration software. Yet the power relations embedded in these overlapping physical and cyberspaces function to control the spatial and temporal fragmentation of related work activities. Through a review of the literature, we first describe how scholars have considered the relationship between space, technology, and the workplace and how conceptions of work activity fragmentation developed over time in relation to computing technology. We provide data from the American Time Use Survey to show the extent of work activity fragmentation among workers in the United States, finding that spatial fragmentation is more prominent among knowledge workers in large metropolitan areas. Drawing on original interview and observation data in the New York metropolitan area, we then describe both the cyberspaces of work enabled by mobile cloud collaboration software and the physical spaces of work opened up by the availability of wireless networks in diverse locations. Finally, we consider how the exercise of power and control in these overlapping physical and cyberspaces can either enable or prevent the fragmentation of work activities at multiple points. Key Words: activity fragmentation, cyberspace, information and communication technology, power relations, smart space.

ПАРТИСИПАТИВНІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ НА МІСЦЕВОМУ РІВНІ: ЕЛЕКТРОННА ТА ЦИФРОВА ДЕМОКРАТІЯ

E-democracy development in Ukraine at the local level has been actively pursued over the last decade and has many positive advances that relate to both individual local solutions, and also those that interact with national products and tools, such as electronic petitions. The expanded transformation of electronic democracy into the digital age requires the adoption of system legal documents that would define key priorities in addition to the establishment of sustainable institutions and processes for the implementation of the latest digital instruments. Digital democracy, as opposed to electronic democracy, at the local level has a broader practical dimension in order to increase citizens' confidence in the government. This is especially true in the inter-election period, at the level of the mayor, city council, individual deputies and other institutions of the amalgamated communities. Regional or municipal (local) Concepts of Digital Democracy (hereinafter referred to as the Concepts) become such legal acts that would define clear mechanisms of digital participation for citizens, business representatives, in particular start-up companies. The phenomenon of emerging digital participation is associated with the actualization of citizens' participation and their initiative in forming and implementing state policy, development of public administration and local government, which involves the interactive cooperation of subjects of decision-making processes with the use of digital technologies in cyberspace in accordance with the established rules of digital hygiene. The purpose of the article is to provide an analysis of trends in the participatory transformations development at the local level from electronic to digital democracy.It has been proved that the development of municipal (local) Concepts of Digital Democracy and Concepts of Digital Participation for the amalgamated territorial communities determine priority activities for each separate region or settlement on the basis of the current state of implementation of e-democracy and e-participation analysis. It is substantiated that the formation and implementation of the policy of digital participation at the local level is a new approach to the implementation of citizens' participation in the management and functioning of the amalgamated territorial communities.This approach contributes the prompt response to the global and local challenges that exist in society, as well as to preserve the individuality of the territory in accordance with the state and peculiarities of their development. It has been established that the usage of digital democracy tools (as opposed to e-democracy) at the regional or local levels require taking into account not only the existing state of democratic processes, trust in existing power institutions and the achievements of information of government bodies, but also readiness for interaction between authorities and citizens, provided in case of properly digital participation, digital transformation, digital technology implementation and the availability of appropriate digital competencies.

Efficient Strategy Selection for Moving Target Defense Under Multiple Attacks

In a real network environment, multiple types of attacks can occur. The more important the service or network, the more attacks it may suffer simultaneously. Moving target defense (MTD) technology is a revolutionary game-changing cyberspace technology that has found various applications in recent years. However, the existing strategies are targeted at defending against specific types of attacks and do not meet the security requirements for multiple attacks. Therefore, we propose a joint defense strategy based on the MTD that can select one or multiple mutant elements to defend against different types of attacks. In addition, we use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to quantify the factors affecting the attack and defense costs. After comprehensively analyzing the effects of the different MTD technologies against different attacks, we propose an efficient strategy selection algorithm based on joint defense. Finally, we conduct experiments to evaluate the selection of a joint defense strategy under multiple attacks. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed joint defense strategy selection approach.

Ghosts in the Machine?

In keeping with the theme of this special journal issue, the crosspollination discussed here includes technologies of cyberspace and the internet, psychological sub-disciplines concerned with personality and identity-formation, philosophy, and the neurosciences. Ordinarily, “crosspollination” connotes the emergence of something positive: a new birth, for instance, or an interesting hybrid. However, contrary to a rosy outlook, this article reflects concern about the effects of cyberspace technologies on personality and identity. “Progress” is an extremely powerful metaphor, or mental frame, and once new social media platforms, and virtual reality and augmented reality technologies are equated with progress, it is extremely difficult to contemplate their possible disadvantages. Nevertheless, glancing-backwards, one can readily concede that eager receptivity for the prospective benefits of new technologies should have been matched with sobriety about unforeseen or unintended consequences.

A value proposition for cyberspace management in organizations

The rapidly increasing significance of cyberspace and the corresponding use of new cyberspace technologies are seen in private, public, and nonprofit organizations across the globe. However, along with the abundant organizational advantages of operating in cyberspace, it also creates vulnerabilities such as the possibility of cyberattacks which can erode value. In light of these current realities, we propose a value creation agenda for organizations that operate in cyberspace. We suggest that when organizations effectively manage the risks associated with cyberattacks and continue to attain benefits from cyberspace, there is a positive contribution toward organizational value.

ВПЛИВ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ КЛІПОВОСТІ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОЇ ТА СУСПІЛЬНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ

Стаття присвячена теоретичному аналізу специфіки впливу інформаційно-комунікативних технологій на формування кліпової свідомості (індивідуальної та суспільної) та кліпового мислення як її складової.
 Констатується, що кліповий характер інформаційного середовища дозволяє використовувати досить багато маніпулятивних технологій цілеспрямованого соціально-психологічного впливу, перевантажуючи мозаїчністю інформаційно-комунікативні марафони задля нав’язування «потрібного» смислу сприйняття того чи іншого інформаційного контексту.
 Визначена роль кліпової хаотичності подачі інформації у ЗМІ та Інтернеті у формуванні кліпового мислення, як складової кліпової свідомості, та психологічні особливості його прояву.
 Зроблено висновок, що кліпове мислення вже стало частиною інформаційного простору та сучасного життя і світовідчуття людини, а зростаючий і швидкий потік інформації, в якому необхідно відшукати потрібне, ставить перед сучасною людиною вимогу адаптуватися до вимог ситуації, розвиваючи не лише швидкість сприйняття інформації, але й здатність вирізняти у безперервно змінюваному потоці важливе.
 Ключові слова: кліпове мислення, інформаційно-мережева комунікація, соціальний вплив, інформаційна технологія, кіберпростір, кліпова хаотичність.

A Brief Review of Messaging Protocol Standards for Internet of Things (IoT)

As the most recent development in cyberspace technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) has received substantial research attention. It now occupies a crucial role in advancing society and industry. IoT merges Social Networks and connects devices to allow people interact one another and simplify information sharing. IoT has two main aspects: the internal and the external. Whereas the latter side consists of sensors, actuators, etc. which are physically likely, the former consists of protocols that are highly important. IoT has particular protocols in different layers such as Transport layer, Physical/Link layer and Application layer, which is accountable for messaging and supplying services. This paper explores the foremost widespread IoT data transmission protocols and their main options. The protocols play a vital role in inventing up-to-date IoT projects and devices. This article provides an uncomplicated review of IoT data protocols based on user requirement.

Thing Relation Modeling in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) technologies enable connections among things with wider ranges. The development of such technologies in cyberspace promotes the convergence of physical space and cyberspace. The research on social attributes (e.g., relationships and social existence) that currently exist and on interactive behavior of physical things from the convergence of those two spaces can help to efficiently address certain social problems such as food safety, medicine source tracking, and traffic adjustments. This research on social attributes can also help to improve the serviceability of the IoT. At present, research on social attributes in the IoT has not modeled the relations of things in the IoT. In this paper, we formulate social attributes of thing, analyze the role of relations that is one of important social attributes in the IoT, and use super network architecture to present the complex relations among physical things. Based on these relations and relation architecture, we use an ontology-based approach to model the relations of things. Finally, we use a case to interpret the concrete application process of relations in smart home.

Do We Glorify Violence in Our Culture? Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Media and Violence

ABSTRACTThe relationship between media and violence is a complex and perplexing one. A sample of the numerous statistics and studies on this subject illustrates growing developmental implications (as in children who view media violence are more likely to be aggressive), socio-cultural influences (increasing portrayals of real-life violence), as well as political involvement (leaders of a nation asking for the Entertainment Industry to not glorify gun violence). Finally, increasing difficulties in discerning fantasy and real life suggests that at an intrapsychic level, a core function of imaginative play (Winnicott, 1971), an essential ingredient of childhood development, may also be further compromised. Yet, although the escalation of violence in and by the media is ubiquitous and undeniable, it is also true that not all individuals exposed to such violence act upon it, nor do they experience all the developmental challenges as illuminated by research data. Furthermore, significant variations in both cultural and individual expression of violence suggests that other factors more pertinent to intrapsychic functioning, as well as group processes, may also be at play. Last, cyberspace technology has substantially altered the playing field for the depiction of violence with some interesting results. These concerns will be explored in this article.

Logic Tester for the Classification of Cyberterrorism Attacks

The merging of terrorism with the cyber domain introduces the potential for using computers and networked technologies in cyberspace to carry out extremist activities. Despite the current debate on whether cyberterrorism can be regarded as a real threat, this research will propose a method for classifying incidents as either cyberterrorism or cyber attacks. Although there have been no reported cases of Information Communication Technologies causing life-threatening situations or death, this research aims to show that cyberterrorism is not a negligible threat but instead a dangerous risk that should not be overlooked. This research will investigate the merging of terrorism with the cyber domain and present a multi-layered definition for cyberterrorism. This proposed definition is founded on the definition for traditional terrorism and incorporates elements of the international understanding of cyberterrorism. The research future presents a Logic Tester that uses Boolean logic to test the application of the multi-layered definition for cyberterrorism in terms of past international cyber incidents. The merit of the Logic Tester is presented through its application on a number of potential cyberterrorism scenarios, using the definition to classify these as either cyberterrorism or cyber attacks.

Poe in Cyberspace Technology, Magic, and Quack Physics

Poe in Cyberspace Technology, Magic, and Quack Physics

Research on Development and Key Technologies of Cyberspace

The recent years saw a rapid development in information technology, which is closely bound up with the world as well as our daily lives. Concerning security, stability and development of a country, cyberspace, the five-dimensional space coexisted with land, sea, air, and space domain, is worthy of being paid more attention to. Therefore, dozens of studies have been done in this field and people began to know more about the concept and structure of cyberspace. This paper mainly describes the development of cyberspace, elaborates its structure and summarizes the importance of cyberspace technology.

A METHODOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITY: CHRISTIANS IN THE UNITED STATES INTERPRETING THE QUR’AN

The Qur’ān is Islam’s Holy Book and has been available to non-Muslim interpreters since the 8th century. Three negative interpretative paradigms derived from John of Damascus (676- 749), Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464) and Martin Luther (1483-1546) continue to inform many Christians about the Qur’ān and shape many Western views of Islam and attitudes toward Muslims. Other Christians have offered some basic insights about the Qur’ān through too brief comments prefacing translations of the Qur’ān or explicating Qur’anic themes. Others have written about the Qur’ān yet introduced questionable judgments about it and Islam generally. Today, it is essential for Christians to interpret the Qur’ān to non-Muslims without Orientalist biases. Efforts such as those by Miroslav Volf (Allah: A Christian Response, 2011) and my Opening the Qur’an (2008) point toward developing a comprehensive hermeneutical perspective. In the paper I propose a methodological approach derived from my teaching experience with largely Christian and secularized undergraduate and graduate school students in the United States of America. Part One sets the interpretative contexts in the United States. A proposed methodology in four steps constitutes Part Two. I adapt insights from Muslim scholars such as Farid Esack, Fazlur Rahman, Ingrid Mattson, and Mahmoud Ayub. Part III proposes that Muslim and non- Muslim scholars may employ cyberspace technology to continue fruitful discussions about our respective scriptures.

Negotiating with modern Chinese professionals

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of proper planning when negotiating with Chinese business professionals. The paper emphasizes face-to-face interaction more so than internet negotiations since relationship building is very important for Chinese negotiators. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used academic literature and book publications to glean the best practices for Chinese negotiation practices. Both face-to-face and cyberspace negotiation strategies are explored. Findings – It appears that these Chinese professionals initially focus on relationship and trust building before making any major deals. As such, traditional means of negotiations are preferred. Also, it should be noted that renegotiations are fairly common, even after a contract has been signed. A four-step negotiation model is recommended for negotiating with Chinese professionals. Research limitations/implications – Foreigners doing business in China must understand the local norms prior to undertaking any major negotiations. It is best to negotiate through face-to-face format with one's Chinese partners rather than relying on cyberspace technologies. Social implications – This paper is a review of practical literature to help international managers when they are negotiating with their Chinese counterparts. Originality/value – This is an original technical paper to help expatriates properly negotiate with Chinese negotiators.

Keynote Speaker: Infinite Reality: Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution

Summary form only given. Cyberspace technology often grants us (or others) control over our self-representations. At the click of a button, one can alter our avatars' appearance and behavior. Indeed, in virtual reality we can often appear to others as ideal in stature and weight, what ever we want in terms of age and gender, and exhibit perfect form while surfing a forty foot wave. Centuries of philosophical discussion and decades of social science research has explored the concept of “the self”, but in the digital age we are encountering identitybending only imagined by science fiction authors. In this talk, I explore a research program that explores what William Gibson referred to as “the infinite plasticity” of digital identity. In particular, I address two research areas. The first, called The Proteus Effect, explores the consequences of choosing avatars whose /appearance/ differs from our own. Over forty years ago, social psychologists demonstrated self perception effects, for example wearing a black uniform causes more aggressive behavior. Similarly, as we choose our avatars online, do our avatars change us in turn? A series of studies explore how putting people in avatars of different attractiveness, height, and age alter not only behavior online but also subsequent actions in the physical world. The second area examines the consequences of choosing avatars whose /behavior/ differs from our own, specifically the phenomenon of seeing oneself in the third person performing an action one has never physically performed. Once a three-dimensional model resembling a specific person has been constructed, that model can be animated to perform any action fathomable to programmers. A series of studies examine how watching one's own self behave in novel manners affects memory, health behavior, and persuasion. I discuss related communication and psychological theories, as well as implications for citizens living in the digital age.

Seven Fundamental Economic Characteristics Exclusivity of Agrifood Supply Chains (part 2)

This analysis focuses on defining and describing the unique economic characteristics of agrifood supply chains. The analysis includes seven specific economic characteristics of agrifood supply chains that distinguish them from other industrial manufacturing and service supply chains. The seven characteristics are: 1) risk emanating from the biological nature of agrifood supply chains, 2) the role of buffer stocks within the supply chain, 3) the scientific foundation of innovation in production agriculture having shifted from chemistry to biology, 4) cyberspace and information technology influences on agrifood supply chains, 5) the prevalent market structure at the farm gate remains oligopsony, 6) relative market power shifts in agrifood supply chains away from food manufacturers downstream to food retailers, and 7) globalization of agriculture and agri- food supply chains.

Entrepreneurship in Cyberspace: What Do We Know?

The paper provides an overview of specific features of entrepreneurship in cyberspace, compared to basic models of entrepreneurship. Over the last two decades ICTs, and especially cyberspace technologies, have significantly modified the start of new businesses and entrepreneurial processes. Although not dependent on technological breakthroughs, the cyberspace has multiple direct effects on new products and services, as well as ways to conduct business. Direct and indirect effects of cyberspace on the start of the businesses are surveyed, along with the transformation business models in cyberspace and novel value creation approach. Conclusions are drawn on new qualities of entrepreneurship in cyberspace and novel approach needed to study and understand it. The paper represents work in progress in a rapidly developing field. Case studies mentioned in the paper are limited with respect to the scope of the paper and are only instrumental for illustrating different aspects of entrepreneurship in cyberspace.The paper may serve as the basic framework for further study of the entrepreneurship in cyberspace, as well as basic material for classroom discussion. Further research of the entrepreneurship in cyberspace as a distinct social phenomenon is envisaged.

Faculty Development Practices In Distance Education For Success With Culturally Diverse Students

The student population is becoming more geographically and culturally diverse in the online arena because students from all parts of the world are able to register for online classes. These diverse students need competent and qualified online facilitators that are able to use diverse teaching pedagogies to meet their learning needs. Therefore, developing and training faculty members through a successful orientation program to integrate diverse cyberspace technology into the classroom for student learning are a necessity today. As such, administrators should focus on the effective development, training, and retaining of technologically savvy educators to teach in various distance learning modalities (online, on-ground, and blended formats) using cyberspace technology while focusing on effectively achieving learning outcomes with diverse students. The document discusses diversity issues, the desires and views of online students based on a survey of 229 graduate students, and suggestions for new online faculty members. An emersion model of training used for faculty orientation and development is presented.

The Cyberspace Incrementum: Technology Development for Communicative Abundance

This study of the “cyberspace incrementum” adapts Jeanne Fahnestock's argument-oriented theory of rhetorical figuration, applying it to a case in technology development. It identifies a key series argument in the development of a failed cyberspace technology, namely VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). The analysis describes how differing forms of argumentation helped advance VRML as a project. Interpreting the figure, this article suggests “communicative abundance” as the problematic situation to which VRML responded.