Cu-Zn SOD Research Articles

Vitamin D3 supplementation alleviates lipid accumulation, lipid metabolism disorder, and oxidative stress caused by a high-fat diet in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

This study investigates the potential of dietary vitamin D3 (VD3) to counteract the adverse physiological effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in marine fish. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated: a control diet (∼ 12 % lipid, Control), a HFD (∼ 18 % lipid, HFD), and HFDs supplemented with increasing levels of VD3 (6000, 12,000, and 18,000 IU/kg), referred to as HFD+6000VD3, HFD+12000VD3 and HFD+18000VD3, respectively. The actual VD3 contents in each diet were 10,400, 10,500, 18,100, 26,300 and 33,700 IU/kg, respectively. A total of 450 juvenile black seabreams (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) with an initial body weight of 5.39 ± 0.01 g were used in an 8-week feeding trial. Results showed that VD3 supplementation significantly up-regulated the expression level of cyp2r1, down-regulated the expression level of cyp24a1, and dramatically increased the expression level of vdrb, leading to higher 1,25(OH)2D3 levels in serum and liver (P < 0.05). Compared to the HFD, fish fed diets supplemented with VD3 exhibited reduced TG and TC levels in serum and liver, decreased expression levels of lipogenesis-related genes (aco3, fas, scd1, srebp-1c) and significantly enhanced the expression levels of lipolysis-related genes (hsl, pparα, lpl, atgl) (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary VD3 supplementation significantly reduced serum AST and ALT activities (P < 0.05), and decreased the size and number of hepatic lipid droplets and vacuoles (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary VD3 inclusion decreased oxidative stress biomarkers, enhanced antioxidant enzyme transcription via the Nrf2 pathway, up-regulated antioxidant genes (cat, nrf2β, Cu-Zn sod), and reduced serum and liver MDA content, alleviating oxidative stress. In conclusion, dietary VD3 supplementation effectively mitigated HFD-induced hepatic fat deposition and lipid metabolism disorders in black seabream.

The mitigating role of lysophospholipids in hepatic lipid metabolism and intestinal immunity in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) fed a high-fat diet

An 8-week feeding experiment investigated the effects of lysophospholipids (LP) on growth performance, hepatic lipid metabolism, intestinal immunity and antioxidation in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) (initial weight 4.60 ± 0.01 g) on a high-fat diet. Five experimental diets were established: normal fat diet (13 %, CON), high-fat diet (18 %, HFD) and HFD with different levels of LP (0.05 %, 0.1 %, and 0.2 %). The results indicated that dietary LP had no impact on the specific growth rate and survival rate of juvenile black seabream (P > 0.05), while 0.2 %LP supplementation reduced the intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPF) (P < 0.05). Dietary 0.1 % and 0.2 %LP supplementation reduced the total lipid content and the size and number of lipid droplets in the liver (P < 0.05). The diets supplemented with LP reduced the contents of TG and LDL-C in the serum (P < 0.05), without affecting T-CHO and HDL-C (P > 0.05). The expression of lipid transport genes including apoa, apob, fatp1, and fatp4, were markedly up-regulated with increased dietary LP supplementation (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary 0.2 %LP supplementation notably increased mRNA expression levels of scarb1, ffar3, acsl5 and glp-1 in the intestine (P < 0.05). Dietary LP notably down-regulated the mRNA expression of genes related to the lipogenesis pathway including fas, aco and srebp-1c, while up-regulating mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related genes including cpt1α, lpl, and pparα (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary 0.2 %LP supplementation notably increased total antioxidant capacity in the intestine and up-regulated expression levels of intestinal antioxidant genes, including mn sod, cu-zn sod, gpx, and cat (P < 0.05), fish fed diets with 0.2 %LP down-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes, including tnfα and nf-κb, and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors, tgfβ-1, il-10 and tight-junction protein genes including (oclna, cldni, cldn3, and tjp1b) in the intestine (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary LP improved intestinal fatty acid transport and liver lipolysis, alleviating intestinal oxidative damage and inflammatory reactions caused by HFD in black seabream.

Complexes of a piperazine based macrocycle as Cu-Zn SOD biomimetic: approach by constants determination

Obtaining new compounds capable of catalyzing the dismutation reaction of the superoxide anion carried out by the enzyme Cu,Zn-SOD has become a topic of great interest. In the present work, the study of a ligand with a piperazine fragment and its Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes is introduced. The protonation constants of the ligand, the stability constants of the complex species un with equivalent of Cu(II) and Zn(II), forming both mononuclear and heterobinuclear species, in the presence and absence of histidine as secondary ligand were determined. For all cases, species distribution diagrams were obtained, from which the spectra in the visible region of the species of greatest interest were obtained. As an approach to the Cu,Zn-SOD system, the formation of quaternary species formed between these ions, the main ligand and histidine as a secondary ligand, was verified, which could be used as mimetics of said enzyme. Some theoretical studies were carried out to support this study.

Flaxseed Oil, Casitose, and Its Combination Diets Increase Antioxidant Activity and Upregulates Aging-related Genes in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Background: Nutrigenomics refers to the study of how diet influences the genomic expression and function of an organism. Diet is a significant factor that impacts metabolism, aging, and lifespan. Long-term dietary patterns can influence the risk of age-related diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and cancer. While research in Drosophila melanogaster has focused on areas such as calorie restriction, high-sugar and high-fat diets, micronutrients, and disease-specific nutritional interventions, the effects of different combinations of macronutrients have not been adequately studied. This study aimed to analyze the impact of individual macronutrients, specifically flaxseed oil (a source of fat) and casitose (hydrolyzed milk protein), as well as their combinations, on longevity, antioxidant activity, and the expression of aging-related genes in D. melanogaster. Methods: The study examined the in vivo effects of different concentrations of flaxseed oil (120 μl, 240 μl, 480 μl, and 960 μl), casitose (125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg), and their combinations with a base diet on longevity, antioxidant activity, and the expression of aging-related genes, namely manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD or SOD1) and copper–zinc SOD (Cu-Zn SOD or SOD2) in D. melanogaster. Results: The study found that flaxseed oil, casitose, and their combinations increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species. However, these substances also enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and catalase, which help combat-free radicals. Furthermore, the gene expression of SOD1 and SOD2 was upregulated, suggesting a potential mechanism for the observed improvements in lifespan. Interestingly, high doses of flaxseed oil (960 μl) were associated with decreased lifespan in the flies. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the optimal levels of flaxseed oil, casitose, or their combination can increase lifespan in Drosophila by upregulating the expression of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1 and SOD2. This provides insights into the potential of targeted nutrient combinations as a dietary approach to combat aging-related diseases.

Impact of Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastics on Drosophila melanogaster Biological Profiles and Heat Shock Protein Levels.

Microplastics and nanoplastics are abundant in the environment. Further research is necessary to examine the consequences of microplastic contamination on living species, given its widespread presence. In our research, we determined the toxic effects of PET microplastics on Drosophila melanogaster at the cellular and genetic levels. Our study revealed severe cytotoxicity in the midgut of larvae and the induction of oxidative stress after 24 and 48 h of treatment, as indicated by the total protein, Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, and MDA contents. For the first time, cell damage in the reproductive parts of the ovaries of female flies, as well as in the accessory glands and testes of male flies, has been observed. Furthermore, a decline in reproductive health was noted, resulting in decreased fertility among the flies. By analyzing stress-related genes such as hsp83, hsp70, hsp60, and hsp26, we detected elevated expression of hsp83 and hsp70. Our study identified hsp83 as a specific biomarker for detecting early redox changes in cells caused by PET microplastics in all the treated groups, helping to elucidate the primary defense mechanism against PET microplastic toxicity. This study offers foundational insights into the emerging environmental threats posed by microplastics, revealing discernible alterations at the genetic level.

Nanobiostimulant action of trigolic formulated zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-T NPs) on rice seeds by triggering antioxidant defense network and plant growth specific transcription factors

Under a changing climate, nanotechnological interventions for climate resilience in crops are critical to maintaining food security. Prior research has documented the affirmative response of nano zinc sulfide (nZnS) on physiological traits of fungal-infested rice seeds. Here, we propose an application of trigolic formulated zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-T NPs) on rice seeds as nanobiostimulant to improve physiological parameters by triggering antioxidative defense system, whose mechanism was investigated at transcriptional level by differential expression of genes in germinated seedlings. Nanopriming of healthy rice seeds with ZnS-T NPs (50 μg/ml), considerably intensified the seed vitality factors, including germination percentage, seedling length, dry weight and overall vigor index. Differential activation of antioxidant enzymes, viz. SOD (35.47%), APX (33.80%) and CAT (45.94%), in ZnS-T NPs treated seedlings reduced the probability of redox imbalance and promoted the vitality of rice seedlings. In gene expression profiling by reverse transcription quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), the notable up-regulation of target antioxidant genes (CuZn SOD, APX and CAT) and plant growth specific genes (CKX and GRF) in ZnS-T NPs treated rice seedlings substantiates their molecular role in stimulating both antioxidant defenses and plant growth mechanisms. The improved physiological quality parameters of ZnS-T NPs treated rice seeds under pot house conditions corresponded well with in vitro findings, which validated the beneficial boosted impact of ZnS-T NPs on rice seed development. Inclusively, the study on ZnS-T NPs offers fresh perspectives into biochemical and molecular reactions of rice, potentially positioning them as nanobiostimulant capable of eliciting broad-spectrum immune and growth-enhancing responses.

Dietary exposure to 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) induces oxidative damage promoting cell apoptosis primarily via mitochondrial pathway in the hepatopancreas of carp, Cyprinus carpio

To investigate the mechanisms of BDE-47 on hepatotoxicity in fish, this study examined the effects of dietary exposure to BDE-47 (40 and 4000 ng/g) on carp for 42 days. The results showed that BDE-47 significantly increased carp’s condition factor and hepatosomatic index. Pathological results revealed unclear hepatic cord structure, hepatocytes swelling, cellular vacuolization, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the hepatopancreas of carp. Further investigation showed that ROS levels significantly increased on days 7, 14, and 42. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH, CAT, and GST increased significantly from 1 to 7 days, and the transcription levels of antioxidant enzymes CAT, Cu-Zn SOD, Mn-SOD, GST, and GPX, and antioxidant pathway genes Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 changed significantly at multiple time-points during the 42 days. The results of apoptosis pathway genes showed that the mitochondrial pathway genes Bax, Casp3, and Casp9 were significantly upregulated and Bcl2 was significantly downregulated, while the transcription levels of FADD and PERK were significantly enhanced. These results indicate that BDE-47 induced oxidative damage in hepatopancreas, then it promoted cell apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial pathway. This study provides a foundation for analyzing the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by BDE-47 on fish.

Performance evaluation and metagenomic analysis of sequencing batch reactor under transient 2,4,6-trichlorophenol shock

The transient chlorophenol shock under some emergency conditions might directly affect the pollutant removal of bioreactor. Therefore, the recovery of bioreactor performance after transient chlorophenol shock is a noteworthy issue. In the present research, the performance, antioxidant response, microbial succession and functional genes of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were evaluated under transient 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) shock. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal efficiencies decreased sharply in the first 4 days after 60 mg/L 2,4,6-TCP shock for 24 h and gradually recovered to normal in the subsequent 8 days. The nitrogen removal rates and their corresponding enzymatic activities rapidly decreased after transient 2,4,6-TCP shock and then gradually increased to normal. The increase of antioxidant enzymatic activity, Cu-Zn SOD genes and Fe-Mn SOD genes contributed to the recovery of SBR performance. The abundance of genes encoding ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine dehydrogenase decreased after transient 2,4,6-TCP shock, including amoA, amoC and nxrA. Thauera, Dechloromonas and Candidatus_Competibacter played key roles in the restorative process, which provided stable abundances of narG, norB , norC and nosZ. The results will deeply understand into the effect of transient 2,4,6-TCP shock on bioreactor performance and provide theoretical basis to build promising recoveries strategy of bioreactor performance.

Baicalein Alleviates Arsenic-induced Oxidative Stress through Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 Signalling Pathway in Normal Human Liver Cells.

Oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying arsenicinduced liver injury, the Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is the main regulatory pathway involved in antioxidant protein and phase II detoxification enzyme expression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanism of baicalein in the alleviation of arsenic-induced oxidative stress in normal human liver cells. Normal human liver cells (MIHA cells) were treated with NaAsO2 (0, 5, 10, 20 μM) to observe the effect of different doses of NaAsO2 on MIHA cells. In addition, the cells were treated with DMSO (0.1%), NaAsO2 (20 μM), or a combination of NaAsO2 (20 μM) and Baicalein (25, 50 or 100 μM) for 24 h to observe the antagonistic effect of Baicalein on NaAsO2. Cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit- 8 (CCK-8 kit). The intervention doses of baicalein in subsequent experiments were determined to be 25, 50 and 100μM. The intracellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed using a 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) probe kit. The malonaldehyde (MDA), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined by a test kit. The expression levels of key genes and proteins were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Baicalein upregulated the protein expression levels of phosphorylated Nrf2 (p-Nrf2) and nuclear Nrf2, inhibited the downregulation of Nrf2 target genes induced by arsenic, and decreased the production of ROS and MDA. These results demonstrate that baicalein promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation by upregulating p-Nrf2 and inhibiting the downregulation of Nrf2 target genes in arsenic-treated MIHA cells, thereby enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cells and reducing oxidative stress. Baicalein alleviated arsenic-induced oxidative stress through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathway in normal human liver cells.

MicroRNA-129-1-3p protects chicken granulosa cells from cadmium-induced apoptosis by down-regulating the MCU-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway

Cadmium (Cd) is known as a female reproductive toxicant. Our previous study has shown that Cd can influence the proliferation and cell cycle of granulosa cells and induce apoptosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of Cd-induced granulosa cell damage in chickens. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which microRNA-129–1-3p (miR-129–1-3p) regulates Cd-induced cytotoxicity in chicken granulosa cells. As anticipated, exposure to Cd resulted in the induction of oxidative stress in granulosa cells, accompanied by the downregulation of antioxidant molecules and/or enzymes of Nrf2, Mn-SOD, Cu-Zn SOD and CAT, and the upregulation of Keap1, GST, GSH-Px, GCLM, MDA, hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Further studies found that Cd exposure causes mitochondrial calcium ions (Ca2+) overload, provoking mitochondrial damage and apoptosis by upregulating IP3R, GRP75, VDAC1, MCU, CALM1, MFF, caspase 3, and caspase 9 gene and/or protein expressions and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, while downregulating NCX1, NCLX and MFN2 gene and/or protein expressions and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM or the MCU inhibitor MCU-i4 significantly rescued Cd-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby attenuating apoptosis. Additionally, a luciferase reported assay and western blot analysis confirmed that miR-129–1-3p directly target MCU. MiR-129–1-3p overexpression almost completely inhibited protein expression of MCU, increased the gene and protein expressions of NCLX and MFN2 downregulated by Cd, and attenuated mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, MMP depression and mitochondria damage induced by Cd. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-129–1-3p led to a reduction in mtROS and cell apoptosis levels, and a suppression of the gene and protein expressions of caspase 3 and caspase 9. As above, these results provided the evidence that IP3R-MCU signaling pathway activated by Cd plays a significant role in inducing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. MiR-129–1-3p exerts a protective effect against Cd-induced granulosa cell apoptosis through the direct inhibition of MCU expression in the ovary of laying hens.

In silico analysis of superoxide dismutase family genes in Ipomoea trifida L.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is described as a key enzyme in the antioxidant system of plants. It plays a vital role in protecting plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by organisms. The SODs genes family has been documented in several plant species, but its characterization in Ipomoea trifida has not been reported. In the present study, the family of SODs genes present in the genome of I. trifida was comprehensively analyzed. Analysis can be performed using bioinformatics tools, physicochemical characterization of proteins, gene structure analysis (exon/intron), phylogenetic relationships, synteny, and expression profile analysis. We identified seven SODs genes, including four Cu/Zn-SOD (CSD), two Fe-SOD (FSD), and one Mn-SOD (MSD), and based on phylogenetic analysis, the SODs genes were classified and divided into three main groups based on their metal cofactor. Synteny analysis revealed eight pairs among SOD genes sweet potato and Arabidopsis. The in silico expression profile showed that ItfSODs genes were differentially expressed. The results of this study provide relevant information for further research of ItfSODs genes in I. trifida aiming to promote the molecular improvement of sweet potato.

Genome wide analysis for the identification and characterization of Superoxide-dismutase gene family in Rosa chinensis ascertains the role of salinity-responsive RcMSD1 protein and its interaction with peroxyl radical

Abiotic stresses e.g., cold, heat, and salinity affect the quality and yield of Rosa chinensis, a well-known ornamental and medicinal plant. Previously, several attempts have been made to identify the genes that confer resistance to oxidative stressors. Superoxide-dismutase (SOD) is a crucial member of the class metalloenzyme that responds to abiotic stresses and protects plants by countering the reactive-oxygen species (ROS). In this genome-wide association study, the SOD gene family has been investigated in R. chinensis. Seven SOD genes, including three Cu/ZnSODs, two MnSODs, and two FeSODs were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RcSODs are divided into three clades; (i) CSDs (Cu/ZnSODs) (ii) FSDs (FeSODs) and MSDs (MnSODs). Most of the RcSODs exhibited different exons/introns distribution patterns. Motifs 3 and 5 are conserved in all RcSODs genes. The RNA-seq data analysis and qRT-PCR-based expression profiling indicated that RcSODs exhibit diverse responses under salt stress conditions. The RcCSD1, RcCSD3, and RcFSD3 are significantly up-regulated under salt stress conditions in roots and down-regulated in leaves. This data provides valuable information for further application and function of SODs in R. chinensis under abiotic stresses.

Zinc Supplementation Reduces Testicular Cell Apoptosis in Mice and Improves Spermatogenic Dysfunction Caused by Marginal Zinc Deficiency.

Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element in the human body and plays an important role in growth, development, and male reproductive functions. Marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) is common in the human population and can cause spermatogenic dysfunction in males. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate methods to improve spermatogenic dysfunction caused by MZD and to further explore its mechanism of action. A total of 75 4-week-old male SPF ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups (control, MZD, MZD + ZnY2, MZD + ZnY4, and MZD + ZnY8, 15 mice per group). The dietary Zn content was 30mg/kg in the control group and 10mg/kg in the other groups. From low to high, the Zn supplementation doses administered to the three groups were 2, 4, and 8mg/kg·bw. After 35days, the zinc content, sperm quality, activity of spermatogenic enzymes, oxidative stress level, and apoptosis level of the testes in mice were determined. The results showed that MZD decreased the level of Zn in the serum, sperm quality, and activity of spermatogenic enzymes in mice. After Zn supplementation, the Zn level in the serum increased, sperm quality was significantly improved, and spermatogenic enzyme activity was restored. In addition, MZD reduced the content of antioxidants (copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), metallothionein (MT), and glutathione (GSH) and promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production. The apoptosis index of the testis also increased significantly in the MZD group. After Zn supplementation, the level of oxidative stress decreased, and the apoptosis index in the testis was reduced. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA and Bcl-2/BCL2-associated X (Bax) in the control group decreased in testicular cells, and their expression was restored after Zn supplementation. The results of this study indicated that Zn supplementation can reduce the level of oxidative stress and increase the ability of testicular cells to resist apoptosis, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction caused by MZD in mice.

Study the Effects of the IL-1β -511 C&gt;T Rs16944 SNP on the Incidence of Cardiomyopathy

Background: The diseases that involve the myocardium directly and are not the result of hypertension, congenital, vascular, coronary, or pericardial abnormalities are called cardiomyopathy (CM). It is known that interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines involve in inflammation and immune regulation and act as an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. Aim: In this study, it was investigated the antioxidant capacity and their relation trace elements in cardiomyopathy CM patients and its correlation with IL-1β -511 C&gt;T rs16944 SNP. Methods: TAOC, and Cu-Zn SOD were determined by ELISA, and Cu and Zn were assessed by spectrophotometric method. IL-1β -511 C&gt;T rs16944 SNP was assessed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results: The results were conducted that no statistically significant difference in age between CM and CONT groups (P&gt;0.05). The results showed that was a statistically significant decrease in TAOC and SOD levels in the CM group compared to the CONT group (P&lt;0.001). There was a statistically significant decrease in Cu and Zn levels in the CM group compared to the CONT group (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: This study suggested that the essential role of antioxidant capacity and their trace elements affected by IL-1β -511 C&gt;T rs16944 SNP as a risk factor for the incidence of CM in the Iraqi population.

Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Heat Shock Proteins, Apoptosis, Antioxidants and Interleukins in Growing Female Murrah Buffaloes Implanted with Melatonin during Summer Season

Background: Heat stress has deleterious effect in the production trait and biological functions in animals. In tropical continents, melatonin has been shown to retain genomic actions and regulating the expression of several genes necessary for cell survival during stress. So, the study was carried out to observe the effect of melatonin implantation on mRNA gene expression for Heat Shock Proteins, Apoptosis, Antioxidants and Interleukins affected by heat stress during summer season. Methods: Twelve healthy growing female Murrah buffaloes were selected and grouped into control and treatment (melatonin @ 18 mg/50 kg body weight subcutaneously). Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells were separated at fortnightly intervals and processed for quantitation of mRNA expression following the double delta Ct method. Result: The fold change in expression pattern of Heat Shock Proteins 60, 70, 90, BAX, Caspase-3, IL-2 and IL-6 were found significantly (P≤0.05) higher in control group. Whereas Bcl-2, Mn SOD and CuZn SOD were found significantly (P≤0.05) higher in treatment group. Melatonin implantation reduces the stress levels by up-regulating the expression of the antioxidant genes, anti-apoptotic genes and lowering the expression of heat shock protein genes during heat stress. Therefore, melatonin can be implanted to growing buffaloes for coping during heat stress.

Oxiditive Stress biomarkers levels in blood sample of Iraqi Breast cancer patients

Background: Breast cancer is a malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells of glandular lacteferons ducts or terminal ductilobular unit (TDLM) of the breast which is affected by the oxidative stress and the defensive mechanisms against it. Objective: to reveal the correlation between the levels of superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) with breast cancer with/without metast. Methods: A case control study was performed on 30 female patients with metastasized breast cancer, 30 female patients with non- metastasized breast cancer and 30 female patients with benign breast tumor. All patients were recruited from Al-Karama teaching hospital at Wasit city in Iraq, for the period from October 2021 to February 2022. Results: The levels of GSH-PX, GR, GSH, and sulfhydral groups were significantly reduced in breast cancer patients in comparison with healthy controls whereas SOD levels were upregulated in breast cancer patients in comparison with healthy controls subjected to the current study. Conclusions: It is concluded that the activities of superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), as well as concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) have a significant impact on the pathogenisis and progression of breast cancer.

Dietary zinc supplementation in breeding pigeons improves the carcass traits of squabs through regulating antioxidant capacity and myogenic regulatory factor expression

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of zinc supplementation in breeding pigeons diet on carcass traits, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and mRNA expressions of myogenic regulatory factors of squabs. A total of 120 healthy White King pigeons were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, each involving 8 replicates. The experiment lasted for 46 d (18-d incubation period of eggs and 28-d growth period of squabs). The 5 groups were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg zinc addition. Results showed that the 28-d body weight, breast muscle yield, zinc content in crop milk and myogenic factor 6 (MyF6) abundance of breast muscle were linearly increased (P < 0.050), but the abdominal fat yield linearly decreased (P=0.040) with increasing dietary zinc supplementation. Both the linear (P < 0.050) and quadratic responses (P < 0.001) were observed in copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver and breast muscle. The 28-d body weight was increased by 90 mg/kg zinc supplementation (P < 0.05), and there is no significant difference between 90 and 120 mg/kg zinc addition. The breast muscle yield, Cu-Zn SOD and T-AOC contents in breast muscle and liver, zinc contents in crop milk and breast muscle, MyF6 mRNA expression in breast muscle were higher (P < 0.05) in the group supplemented with 120 mg/kg zinc than the control. The abdominal fat yield was numerically lowest, and MDA contents in breast muscle and liver were significantly lowest in the group fed 120 mg/kg zinc (P < 0.05). However, the meat quality traits were not affected (P > 0.05) by zinc supplementation, except for shear force. It should be stated dietary zinc supplementation at the level of 120 mg/kg for breeding pigeons increased body weight and breast muscle yield of squabs, which may be associated with the up-regulating MyF6 mRNA expression and antioxidant capacity in liver and breast muscle.

24-Epibrassinolide confers zinc stress tolerance in watermelon seedlings through modulating antioxidative capacities and lignin accumulation.

Zinc (Zn) is an important element in plants, but over-accumulation of Zn is harmful. It is well-known that brassinolide (BR) plays a key role in the regulation of abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the effects of brassinolide on alleviating Zn phytotoxicity in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seedlings are not clear. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR, one of the bioactive BRs) on Zn tolerance of watermelon seedlings and its potential resistance mechanism. Exposure to excessive Zn significantly inhibited shoot and root fresh weight of watermelon, but this could be significantly alleviated by the optimum 0.05 μM EBR. Exogenous spraying EBR increased the pigments and alleviated oxidative damage caused by Zn through reducing Zn accumulation and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH). Importantly, the relative mRNA levels of antioxidant genesincluding Cu/Zn-superoxidedismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly induced after EBR treatment. In addition, EBR pre-treatment induced lignin accumulation under Zn stress, and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coumaric ligase (4CL), two key enzymes regulating lignin synthesis, also tended to be consistent. Collectively, the present research proves the beneficial effects of EBR in response to Zn stress through enhancing antioxidant defense and lignin accumulation and provides a new insight into the mechanism of BR-enhancing heavy metal tolerance.

Genome-Wide Identification of Superoxide Dismutase and Expression in Response to Fruit Development and Biological Stress in Akebia trifoliata: A Bioinformatics Study.

Akebia trifoliata is a newly domesticated perennial fruit tree, and the lack of molecular research on stress resistance seriously affects its genetic improvement and commercial value development. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) can effectively eliminate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the rapid growth of plant organs under biotic and abiotic stresses, maintaining a steady state of physiological metabolism. In this study, 13 SODs consisting of two FeSODs (FSDs), four MnSODs (MSDs) and seven Cu/ZnSODs (CSDs) were identified in the A. trifoliata genome. Structurally, the phylogeny, intron-exon pattern and motif sequences within these three subfamilies show high conservation. Evolutionarily, segmental/wide genome duplication (WGD) and dispersed duplication form the current SOD profile of A. trifoliata. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed the metabolic pathways of nine (69.2%) SODs involved in fruit development, among which AktMSD4 regulates fruit development and AktCSD4 participates in the stress response. In addition, under the stress of multiple pathogens, six (46.6%) SODs were continuously upregulated in the rinds of resistant lines; of these, three SODs (AktMSD1, AktMSD2 and AktMSD3) were weakly or not expressed in susceptible lines. The results pave the way for theoretical research on SODs and afford the opportunity for genetic improvement of A. trifoliata.

Oxidant and antioxidant status of erythrocytes and plasma samples in polycystic ovary syndrome patients

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common types of endocrine syndromes in women, where the disease is described as chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, which characterized by the formation of small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) in the ovaries. This study was carried out to introduce knowledge when plasma and erythrocytes portions were chosen to compare the antioxidant and oxidant status of PCOS patients treated and without treatment with Metformin. Samples were included 75 women diagnostics with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria. The control group included healthy volunteers with regular menstrual cycles and with no symptoms of hyperandrogenism. Total Antioxidants Capacity (TAC), total Oxidant Status (TOS), and CuZn SOD enzyme activity were examined in both plasma and erythrocytes. The activity of the CuZn SOD enzyme was determined based on the ability of the enzyme to inhibit the autoxidation of pyrogallol. TAC values were significantly decreased in PCOS patients and the content in plasma was significantly higher than in Erythrocytes. On the other hand, the TOS values were in the opposite pattern, they were significantly increased in patients and higher in erythrocytes than plasma. The activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in patients’ samples than in controls. This enzyme displayed higher activity values in samples from erythrocytes than the plasma and the highest activity was 61.9±3 U/ml. As the data for both TOS and SOD1 activity introduces the same pattern in blood samples, TAC values introduce a different line of responses. In considering Metformin’s effect on previous criteria, this drug significantly decreased the TAC, TOS and SOD1, activity group. as this drug is responsible for the reduction of circulating insulin and increasing the glucose uptake by peripheral tissues