Abstract: Several factors affect biogas fermentation, among which the temperature fluctuation is crucial. Domestic and foreign biogas fermentation heating systems are also diverse. Among various exist methods of heating biogas fermentation, solar biogas fermentation heating systems are also diverse. The current study reviewed various solar-heating biogas fermentation systems at home and abroad, describing the principle of the solar-heating system, the collector, the heat storage material and the research and application progress. It briefly discussed its characteristics, summarising the critical technology of solar biogas heating systems.

Are cannabis use problems comparable across individuals using for recreational and medical purposes? An international cross-sectional study of individuals who use self-grown cannabis

The current study aimed to test the association between trauma symptoms, desire to migrate and psychological well-being, and whether general belongingness, belongingness to place, and quality of life mediate the association between these variables. The sample of our study consisted of 470 Palestinian adults. Participants' age ranged from 21 to 52 years old (M = 36.4, SD = 14.24). They were all recruited from online advertisements, e-mail campaigns, and social media. The General Belongingness Scale, The Psychological Place Attachment Scale, The Impact of the Event Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments, and The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were administered. The findings of our study revealed that trauma symptoms negatively correlated with psychological well-being (r = -.47, p < .01), general belongingness (r = -.50, p < .01), belongingness to place (r = -.16, p < .05), and quality of life (r = -.16, p < .05), and positively associated with desire to migrate (r = .26, p < .01). Moreover, results of structural equation modeling showed that the association between trauma symptoms, psychological well-being, and desire to migrate was mediated by general belongingness, belongingness to place, and quality of life. The findings of our study indicate the importance of supporting health providers and policymakers in enhancing quality of life and strengthening belongingness and attachment to the place among Palestinians to control the effects of ongoing trauma on mental health and mitigate the risks of illegal (or legal) migration from the homeland. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

13-cis-Retinoic acid is a differentiation agent for neuroblastoma cells and is a part of post-consolidation therapy for high-risk patients. The effectiveness of this therapeutic approach is currently under study. 26 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma treated at Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology were included in the study of 13-cis-Retinoic acid pharmacokinetics by high-performance liquid chromatography assay with ultraviolet detector depending on the method of administration of drug (swallowed capsules or opened capsules before administration). This study is supported by the Independent Ethics Committee and approved by the Academic Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. The current study showed that the therapeutic concentration of 2 μM when taking 13-cis-Retinoic acid at a dose of 160 mg/m2/day was achieved in two groups, regardless of the method of drug administration. However, plasma concentrations of 13-cis-Retinoic acid at 4 hours after administration on the 14th day of therapy were higher in the group of patients who swallowed the capsules (4.1 ± 1.8 μM), compared to those who could not do it (1.9 ± 1.5 μM) (p = 0.022). The introduction into the clinical practice of therapeutic drug monitoring of 13-cis-retinoic acid in high-risk neuroblastoma patients with an assessment of peak concentration and dose adjustment of the following courses may be an important point in the attempt to optimize postconsolidation therapy and improve prognosis.

One of the most common infectious diseases in the world is tuberculosis (TB), which is spread by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Many people throughout the world have stopped using anti-TB medications because of concerns related to multidrug resistance and their effects on the liver. To treat M. tuberculosis and combat antimycobacterial resistance, it is vital to find new medications with distinctive structures and rare modes of action. Many scientists have discussed the usefulness of plants in the treatment of tuberculosis caused by phytochemical exposure. A large number of chemical structures are present in naturally occurring compounds, which exhibit a wide range of in vitro efficacy against M. tuberculosis. To investigate possible adjuvants for tuberculosis chemotherapy, the current study has provided a mini-review on phytochemicals evaluated for their antimycobacterial properties during the last few decades.

Commercial Minoxidil (MXD) is commonly used as a vasodilator agent of hair follicles for providing direct dermal papilla cell proliferation and consequently enhancing the rate of hair growth. The current study attempted to improve the bioactivity and water solubility of MXD by producing nanocrystal structures and investigating the obtained hair growthstimulating activity on C57BL/6 mice. The MXD nanoparticles (MXD-NPs) were prepared through a bead mill and ultrasonic process and characterized by DLS, XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, and Zeta-potential techniques. The cytotoxicity of MXD-NPs was studied on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) by MTT assay. Lastly, we analyzed the comparative hair growth inductive activity of certain MXD-NPs concentrations on C57BL/6 mice. The stabled MXD-NPs (-46 mV, 21.9 nm) caused a significant increase in the hair growth rate of C57BL/6 mice by running a safe site-specific delivery mechanism on the targeted pilosebaceous follicles when compared to MXD. The MXD-NPs-receiving mice exhibited a greater rate of anagen/telogen follicular when compared with MXD-treated types, which verified the improvement of their hair re-growing and follicular-stimulative activities. Therefore, these outcomes confirmed the potential of MXD-NPs for substituting its commercial solution format as a safe and efficient iso-formulation structure.

Introduction: Ayurveda is a well-established traditional medicinal system in India which focuses on the treatment of chronic illnesses and the promotion of overall wellness. A significant upsurge has been observed in the research and development of traditional medicine in the 21st century. Tinospora cordifolia is a valuable Rasayana herb of Ayurveda with various medicinal properties like anticancer, antiobesity, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory. Aim: The current study aims to review the antimicrobial potential of T. cordifolia based on a number of available scientific evidence. Methodology: Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases with a combination of different keywords, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiinflammatory with T. cordifolia, and the obtained reports were analyzed. Results: Various studies indicate the antimicrobial potential of this herb against different viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. The majority of the available evidence include the preliminary screening of the antimicrobial activities. To highlight the societal acceptance of T. cordifolia in this context, some value-added products based on this herb have also been discussed briefly. Conclusion: T. cordifolia has antimicrobial potential, which could be explored for the development of natural products-based therapeutics for infectious disease treatment. Cytotoxic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of T. cordifolia contribute to minimizing microbial colonization and strengthening the immune system against emerging infections. Herbal medicines are associated with some limitations, such as low effectiveness, seasonal variations of phytochemicals etc. More detailed studies are required to understand the underlying mechanism and the responsible phytochemicals, which will enhance the translational value of T. cordifolia-based phytotherapeutics.

Parental love has been studied in relation to infants and younger children. The adult sons and daughters who marry and become parents constitute another category of ‘children’. As the earlier literature did not explore parental love in relation to these ‘adult married sons and daughters’ earlier, the current study was the first-ever effort in this regard. The study was conducted in two phases and involved 982 purposely selected participants. A new scale to measure love was also developed and validated during the two phases of the study. The findings revealed significant differences in paternal and maternal love between married and unmarried sons and daughters. The findings of the study would serve as a novel contribution to the existing literature on parental love. The newly developed ‘Love Scale’ would facilitate future researchers in exploring love in a general way that could be applied to all possible relationships.

Gambling is an addictive behaviour that causes significant harms to individuals, families and societies. Problematic gambling can have profound impacts on family life, including financial destitution and relationship breakdown. In addictive relationships, addictive behaviour dominates over other social commitments. The COVID-19 pandemic had important implications on family life and gambling behaviours. This is likely to have affected family relationships in families experiencing gambling harms. The current study uses evidence from a qualitative survey (N=39) and interviews (N=5) collected with family members of gamblers to explore how family members of gamblers experienced addictive relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland. The results show that gambling negatively affects intimate relationships, relationality and interdependencies in families. For many, gambling-related harms were accentuated by the intensification of addictive relationships during the pandemic. For others, availability restrictions of gambling brought relief. The results also show a need for more family-oriented help services and highlight the importance of prevention.

Military sexual trauma (MST) is a risk factor for suicide among service members/veterans. Research reported that around half of MST survivors were exposed to pre-MST, making MST a revictimization experience. Unfortunately, little is known about mechanisms of the association between revictimization and suicide risk among MST survivors. One possible mechanism is posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs), which include the survivor's (a) negative cognitions about themselves, (b) negative cognitions about the world, and (c) self-blame. The current study examined each of the PTC subscales as potential mediators of the association between sexual revictimization and suicide risk. Participants were 383 service members/veterans reporting a history of MST that involved assault (50.65% female). Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing demographics, suicide risk, history of sexual victimization (MST and premilitary sexual victimization), and PTCs. Of these, 340 (88.8%) reported a history of MST and premilitary victimization and comprised the revictimization group. Parallel mediation analysis with suicide risk regressed on each of the PTCs subscales and covariates revealed that negative cognitions about self had a significant indirect effect on the association between revictimization and higher suicide risk, above and beyond negative cognitions about the world and self-blame. Targeting negative cognitions about self among sexual revictimization survivors may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce suicide risk most effectively. Cognitive processing therapy may be particularly useful given the focus on altering PTCs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Despite coach education being a focus of academic inquiry for over 20 years, coach developers (e.g., tutors) have been neglected from the literature until recently. In recognizing and understanding the role of the tutor in delivering quality learning programs for sport coaches, it is also important to consider who tutors are and how biographical factors influence their development toward expertise. This article utilizes Grenier and Kehrhahn’s Model of Expertise Redevelopment as a tool to aid understanding of the transition from sport coaching to tutoring. Narrative interviews were used with seven novice athletics coach education tutors embarking on a “fast-track” tutor development program. Data were subject to narrative thematic analysis and presented as composite vignettes. The vignettes portray six common themes highlighting that becoming a coach education tutor is a lifelong process of episodic experiences. The features of novice tutors’ biographies are a useful starting point in evidencing the development of expertise. These findings could be used to inform tutor recruitment and training. The current study adds to the emerging body of literature by providing one of the first empirical accounts exploring the developmental experiences of novice coach education tutors.

The Russo-Ukrainian War intensified when Russian troops invaded Ukraine in February 2022. The current study examined whether children (second generation; G2) and grandchildren (third generation; G3) of Holocaust survivors are more preoccupied with the war relative to comparisons. Moreover, whether there was more exacerbation in psychological distress in Holocaust survivor families relative to comparisons since the escalation of the war. A random sample from a web-based survey company included 1,071 Jewish Israeli adults (297 Holocaust G2, 224 comparison G2, 379 Holocaust G3, and 171 comparison G3). The average age of the participants was 62.95 ± 10.25, 61.79 ± 10.13, 34.02 ± 8.65, and 33.55 ± 8.26, respectively. Participants answered questionnaires on background characteristics, Russo-Ukrainian War exposure, Russo-Ukrainian War salience, and general psychological distress before and since the escalation of the war. Findings showed that Holocaust G2 and G3, relative to comparisons, reported more Russo-Ukrainian War salience. Moreover, more psychological distress symptom exacerbation was found in Holocaust survivor families relative to comparisons since the escalation of the war. Finally, Holocaust G2 and G3 with more Holocaust survivors in the family showed higher anxious preoccupation with the war and Holocaust G3 with more survivor grandparents showed more exacerbation in psychological distress. Findings suggest a specific vulnerability due to intergenerational transmission of trauma in Holocaust survivor families, including increased preoccupation with and perceptiveness to potential threats of human-induced trauma. Strengthening previous recommendations, mental health practitioners should focus on reducing the preoccupation with threat and the increased psychological distress of Holocaust survivor families when faced with current adversity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The current study examined group differences in peritraumatic tonic immobility (TI) and posttraumatic symptoms among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) females and their straight, cisgender counterparts. Adult female sexual assault (SA) survivors (N = 86; 41.9% LGBTQ+) completed a questionnaire battery assessing demographics, TI experience, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, dissociative symptoms, and posttraumatic cognitions. Chi-square analyses, analyses of variance, and hierarchical linear regressions were used to characterize the associations among these variables. Individuals identifying as LGBTQ+ endorsed higher rates and severity of TI as well as greater posttraumatic stress symptoms compared to their straight, cisgender counterparts. Both LGBTQ+ status and TI experience predicted greater posttraumatic stress symptoms. Findings suggest that LGBTQ+ individuals who endorse TI during SA experience greater posttraumatic symptoms than their non-LGBTQ+ and non-TI counterparts. These findings have important implications for future research and treatment of female SA survivors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Pregnancy- including hypertension(PIH), also known as preeclampsia, is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal death. This study was carried out on 30 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 30 healthy pregnant women as control ranging in age mean ±SD (28.84±3.55) years , BMI (76.80±9.78) Kg/m2 and gestation age(30.82±0.75)week. The aim of this research was studied the plasma Metanephrine level and other biochemical parameters such as Hemoglobin(Hb), serum Protein, S. Albumin, Globulin, Albumin/Globulin ratio (Alb/Glu. ratio), S.Glutamate Pyruvate aminotransferase (GPT), S.Glutamate Oxaloacetate aminotransferase(GOT). The obtained results have been compared with 30 healthy pregnant women as control group. The result showed that there was significant increase in mean value of Hb in group A(pregnant women with preeclampsia) when compared to group B(healthy pregnant women). The present study showed no significant changes was observed in the level of S. Protein, globulin, Alb./Glu. ratio, GPT and GOT as compared to control group. While Albumin showed a significant decrease in group A(pregnant women with preeclampsia) when compared with group B(healthy pregnant women) and significant increase in the levels of metanephrine, metanephrine/protein ratio, metanephrine/Alb ratio in group A (pregnant women with preeclampsia) to group B(healthy pregnant women).The present study conclude that the increase in the levels of metanephrine, metanephrine/protein ratio, metanephrine/Alb ratio in pregnant women with preeclampsia may be used as a marker to evaluate the development of disease. The current study recommend to take more case and measurement metanephrine in plasma and urine.

Introduction:The impaired mitochondrial function in neurons is a principal abnormality in many medical conditions.Behavioral changes are the key aspects that emerge under these conditions.In the curre nt study, we investigated whether social interactions are influenced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced mitochondrial failure.We also assessed changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and FKBP5 protein levels, cytochrome contents, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B activities in the striatum (ST), hippocampus (HIP), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the subjects.Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were treated with 3-NP.Then, the social and non-social behaviors of 3-NP-treated rats were investigated.Different dissected brain regions were considered regarding GR and FKBP5 protein levels, cytochrome contents, and MAO-A and MAO-B. Results:We found a significantly decreased duration of social behaviors and impaired nonsocial behavioral tests.We detected a decreasing trend in GR and FKBP5 protein levels.Moreover, cytochrome contents and MAO A and B activities decreased in the dissected brain regions. Conclusion:Impaired social/non-social behaviors and decreased levels of investigated molecular variables in the regions mentioned above after 3-NP treatment might point to processes connecting mitochondrial failure to behavioral impairment, particularly social type.

Public safety personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, and police officers) are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) and report posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) difficulties more frequently than the general population. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is a commonly used measure to screen PSP for PTSD. A single previous study assessed PCL-5 factorial invariance among PSP but used a small homogenous sample. The current study evaluated factorial invariance with a large (n = 5,855) and diverse PSP sample. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (mCFAs; n = 98) were conducted using six competing factor models of the PCL-5 across seven PSP sectors, five age groups, and two gender groups. The seven-factor hybrid model of PTSD (i.e., reexperiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, hyperarousal, intrusion, emotional numbing, dysphoria, dysphoric arousal, anxious arousal, anhedonia, negative affect) produced consistently superior fit across all sectors assessed and produced marginally better absolute values than the six-factor anhedonia model, supporting PCL-5 factorial invariance among PSP. The current study is the first to use a large and diverse PSP sample to assess PCL-5 factorial invariance. The results support the PCL-5 as invariant across PSP sectors, age groups, and men and women. Consistent with other studies, the seven-factor hybrid model of PTSD produced the best fit, followed closely by the six-factor anhedonia model. Future research could use structured clinical interviews to further investigate the factorial structure and invariance of PTSD symptoms among PSPs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: Postprandial hyperglycemia is a key factor in type 2 diabetes, and its management is critical in alleviating the deleterious consequences of diabetes and its associated micro and macrovascular complications. Objective: The current study aims to determine the effect of Euclea natalensis leaf extracts on α- glucosidase inhibition in vitro and postprandial hyperglycemia in vivo in rats. Methods: Sequentially extracted leaf extracts of Euclea natalensis were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase in vitro and the suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia in normoglycemic rats. The extracts were fingerprinted using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and the bioactive compounds were evaluated by molecular docking for their interaction with α-glucosidase. Results: FTIR fingerprinting of the extracts showed that they contain functional groups of important bioactive phytochemicals. The extracts inhibited α-glucosidase in vitro, with the methanol extract (1 mg/mL) showing the highest inhibitory effect of 93.52 ± 1.50% compared to 69.62% ± 1.45 of the standard drug acarbose (0.05 mg/mL). The extracts also reduced postprandial hyperglycemia in rats in a sucrose tolerance test, where the hexane and methanol extracts performed similarly to Acarbose. Molecular docking studies showed that 20(29)-lupene-3β- isoferulate 3 is the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor with the lowest binding energy of -10.79 kcal/mol, 2 hydrogen bonds with residues ASP1526 and ASP1157, and numerous Van der Waal interactions with amino acids in the binding pocket of α-glucosidase. Conclusion: Euclea natalensis leaf extracts were found to suppress postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity; thus, it has a promising potential for use as an antidiabetic agent.

Background and Objective: The goal of the current study was to examine how specific recent stressors are related to electronic nicotine product use among young adults. Despite increases in electronic nicotine product use among adults, stressors shaping the use of these products remain largely unknown. The current study examined the types and average severity of stressors endorsed between young adults with past 30-day electronic nicotine product use and young adults with no lifetime use, as well as the association between frequency of recent electronic nicotine product use and average severity of stressors. Methods: 175 current electronic nicotine product users and 333 lifetime abstainers of electronic nicotine products and cigarettes reported recent stressful experiences that occurred in the past six months, as well as lifetime and past 30-day substance use. Chi-square, independent samples t-test, and regression analyses were performed. Results: There were no significant group differences in the primary type of stressor experienced (p = 0.320) or average stress of the three recent stressful experiences reported (p = 0.246). There was no significant relationship between electronic nicotine product use and average stress of the three recent stressful experiences, controlling for demographic and substance use covariates (p = 0.150). Both current electronic nicotine product users and lifetime abstainers endorsed school, family, and romantic relationship stressors most frequently as their top stressors. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine group differences in specific stressor categories and perceived stress between current electronic nicotine product users and lifetime abstainers of these products. Given the novel assessment of stressor types, the current study provides a critical starting point for research on this timely topic. In addition, due to the high overlap between stress and nicotine use, future studies should investigate different populations of electronic nicotine product users and other methods to assess stressful experiences.

Background: Functional constipation (FC) is characterized by infrequent and hard bowel movements, often accompanied by difficulty and pain during the passage. It has been suggested that an imbalanced microbiome contributes to the development of FC. One potential intervention is post-colonoscopy probiotic supplementation, which could create a favorable environment for FC patients. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on relieving constipation in FC patients. Methods: The current study was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) involving 78 patients with FC. Participants were randomly assigned to either the probiotic (n=39) or placebo groups (n=39). They received two capsules of either probiotic or placebo for 12 weeks. The assessment of bowel habit was based on ROME-IV criteria, which included anal obstruction feeling, defecation frequency, hard stool, painful defecation, force pushing, manual maneuvers, incomplete emptying, and total score. In addition, primary outcomes also included variables related to the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). Results: Probiotic supplementation significantly decreased the ROME-IV total score and its other components, with the exception of defecation frequency, when compared to the placebo group (13.93± 0.57 vs. 17.77± 0.60; P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, the risk of type I stool (RR: 0.036; 95% CI: 0.004-0.331) and II stool (RR: 0.076; 95% CI: 0.019-0.309) was significantly decreased in the probiotic group. Conclusion: Despite some controversies surrounding the effects of probiotic supplementation on FC treatment, this RCT concluded that probiotic supplementation can improve bowel habits in FC patients.

Objective: Some pregnancies are affected by liver dysfunction, and differentiating them from possible liver dysfunction caused by COVID-19 in pregnancy will lead to a better therapeutic approach and management. Aims: The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating changes in liver function tests (LFTs) in pregnant women with mild and severe COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 130 pregnant women with COVID-19 were examined in two referral hospitals in Iran in 2021-2022. COVID-19 was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and WHO guidelines. Pregnant women were assigned into two categories of mild and severe COVID-19 based on clinical symptoms and radiologic chest evaluation. Demographic and clinical data of women were recorded. The level of liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin was measured in all patients. Fever, oxygen saturation level, preterm delivery, and maternal mortality were reported as final clinical outcomes and compared in two groups. Results: Forty-nine pregnant women with severe COVID-19 and 81 pregnant women with mild COVID-19 were matched in terms of demographic data. The proportion of women with abnormal AST and ALT in the severe COVID-19 group was significantly higher than in the mild group (p&lt;0.05). However, the proportion of women with abnormal ALP levels in the mild COVID-19 group was significantly higher than in the severe group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the proportion of women with abnormal levels of total and direct bilirubin. Most pregnant women with severe COVID-19 (50%) had a hepatocellular abnormality, while most women with mild COVID-19 (42%) had abnormalities in cholestasis (p=0.003). Conclusion: According to the present findings, liver dysfunction and increased liver enzymes in pregnant women with COVID-19 were related to the severity of the disease, and most women with severe COVID-19 had hepatocellular abnormality, respectively. Therefore, pregnant women with COVID-19 should be closely monitored for LFTs assessment.