Current Review Research Articles

A Comprehensive Review of Shaft Voltages and Bearing Currents, Measurements and Monitoring Systems in Large Turbogenerators

Turbine generators are essential for power generation, but the presence of shaft voltages and currents poses significant challenges to their reliability, efficiency, and operational lifespan. These phenomena, arising from electromagnetic induction, poor shaft grounding, rotor excitation systems, and varying operational conditions, can lead to severe damage to bearings and rotors, resulting in costly downtime and maintenance. This study reviews the mechanisms behind shaft voltage and current generation, their impact on turbine generators, and the effectiveness of various mitigation strategies, including shaft earthing brushes, bearing insulation, and advanced health monitoring systems. Furthermore, it explores emerging techniques for measuring and diagnosing shaft voltage and current, as well as advancements in predictive maintenance and condition monitoring. This study further explores the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in predictive maintenance, leveraging real-time condition monitoring and fault diagnostics. By analyzing existing and emerging mitigation strategies, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of solutions aimed at minimizing these electrical effects. The findings underscore the importance of proactive management strategies to enhance generator reliability, optimize maintenance practices, and improve overall power system stability. This research serves as a foundation for future advancements in shaft voltage mitigation, contributing to the long-term sustainability of power generation infrastructure.

Inflammation and Stem Cell Stochasticity of HPV-induced Cervical Cancer: Epigenetics Based Biomarkers through Microbiome and Metabolome for Personalized Medicine: A Systematic Review.

Chemoresistance by stemness in HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis has significant implications for the overall disease-specific survival of the patients. To date, there are no reports related to the implications of significant aspects of inflammation and microbiome-- mediated epigenetics in cervical cancers. The current systematic review delineates the significant aspects of the inflammation-related pathophysiology, cervical cancer diagnosis based on the HPV-indued stemness, and microbiome- mediated epigenetic markers to develop personalized therapies to target the stemness-acquired indefinitely dividing cancer stem cells. We performed a systematic review without a meta- analysis. We searched several public databases, such as Pubmed, ReleMed, National Library of Medicine, and Scopus, related to inflammation, metabolomics, microbiome-mediated epigenetic markers, and HPV-induced stemness. The review significantly described the correlation between microbial inflammation and stem cell stochasticity of HPV-Induced cervical cancer and the expression of epigenetics- based biomarkers through microbiome and metabolome to foster the cervical cancer progression. These are major risk factors that can cause cervical dysplasia with substantial therapy resistance in cervical cancer patients. The qualitative and quantitative examination of the spatial transcriptomic expression of these stemness markers in the dividing cervical cancer stem cells has significant implications in the clinical sector to develop early personalized medicine to prevent cervical precancerous lesions depending on the prognosis of the cervical cancer patients. Mainly, the combinatorial regimen of current therapeutic modalities, along with microbiome-related therapies with future landscape of epigenetics-modulated therapies, may enhance overall disease-specific survival by modulating the stochastic dynamics of basal epithelial cells across the cervical region.

Liposomes: An Emerging Strategy for the Effective Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

A Liposomal delivery system is a novel and distinguishing way of organized medicine administration. The advancements in liposomal technology allow for controlled drug distribution to treat rheumatoid arthritis effectively. Liposomes are microscopic lipid-based vesicles that have shown promise in transporting substances, such as superoxide dismutase, hemoglobin, erythrocyte interleukin-2, gamma interferon, and smaller compounds. Liposomes are biocompatible, nontoxic, biodegradable, non-immunogenic, and flexible, with sizes ranging from 0.025 to 2.5 micrometers. LDS is normally employed to distribute drugs through topical conduits, but fresh investigation has shown that it offers promise for oral, ocular, and parenteral administration. Our major objective is to gather information about liposomes, focusing on their applicability in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. In the current review, we have tried to cover the preparation techniques, clinical trials, patents, marketed formulations, vesicle types, formulations used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other ailments, and layered liposomal formulations with improved characteristics. Research has established LDS as a biocompatible, sustainable, non-toxic, adaptable material. Researchers working on LDS technology in rheumatoid arthritis will find this review particularly useful as it may unclutter novel ways for therapeutic intercessions in treating the disease.

Improving Women's Health and Immunity: A Thorough Mapping Micronutrients and Dietary Recommendations

In particular, throughout life, women's health depends on having an ideal micronutrient level. Thus, pregnancy outcomes and the long-term health of a woman's offspring are significantly influenced by her physical and nutritional well-being during the preconception stage. Various nutrients are required in sufficient amounts to fulfill the requirements at the various phases in the life of females. Our analysis of the state of nutrition shows illnesses connected to micronutrient deficiencies, particularly anemia and its related deficiencies. Peer-reviewed publication databases and publicly available data from international and national sources were targeted in a structured literature search to sort out the direct or indirect association between the different micronutrients, their levels, sources and significance in the various stages of life of females. The goal of the current review is to identify any direct or indirect relationships between the numerous micronutrients, their sources, concentrations, and importance at different phases of female development.

Emerging Phytochemical Formulations for Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder affecting 0.5-1% of the global population. The disease with unknown etiology causes slow destruction of joints, advancing to significant deterioration of an individual's quality of life. The present treatment strategy comprises the use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) coupled with or without nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or glucocorticoids. Additionally, involves co-therapy of injectable biological DMARDs in case of persistent or recurrent arthritis. The availability of biological DMARDs and the implementation of the treat-to-target approach have significantly improved the outcomes for patients suffering from RA. Nevertheless, RA requires continuous attention due to inadequate response of patients, development of tolerance and severe side effects associated with long-term use of available treatment regimens. An estimated 60-90% of patients use alternative methods of treatment, such as herbal therapies, for the management of RA symptoms. Over the past few decades, researchers have exploring natural phytochemicals to alleviate RA and associated symptoms. Enormous plant-origin phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and polyphenols have shown anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity against RA. However, phytochemicals have certain limitations, such as high molecular weight, poor water solubility, poor permeability, poor stability and extensive first-pass metabolism, limiting absorption and bioavailability. The use of nanotechnology has aided to extensively improve the pharmacokinetic profile and stability of encapsulated drugs. The current review provides detailed information on the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals. Furthermore, the review focuses on developed phytochemical formulations for RA, with emphasis on clinical trials, regulatory aspects, present challenges, and future prospects.

Unlocking the Therapeutic Potentiality of Natural Products in Cancer Therapy: A Recent Update and Current Prospects

Abstract: Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality that affects a large propotion of population worldwide each year. Traditional and synthetic medications are less successful in cancer treatment. The deleterious effects of synthetic compounds divert our attention toward the utilization of naturally derived compounds in current clinical research. The impact of biodiversity on population development and livelihood represents a wider area of interest that still heavily relies on natural medicines against the cure of various ailments. Since ancient times, people have been using natural plants because of their accessibility and economical affordability as a safe therapeutic alternative to traditional synthetic drugs. Currently, plants are used because of their remarkable properties in the form of staple drugs. These plants gain huge attention as a safe treatment option with anti-tumor, chemo-protective and anti-proliferative properties than conventional harmful therapeutics. The secondary metabolites extracted from medicinal plants lead to the production of innovative therapeutic strategies against cancer and other diseases. Targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals agents, through chemical and conventional methods is a significant challenge. The discovery of nano-vectors provides a solution to this issue with the innovation of plant-based nanoparticles have been manufactured using an ecologically sound method. Based on the highlights provided, the current review provides updated knowledge on diverse aspects of medicinal plants including challenges, significance and their role as a potential therapeutic agent against the treatment of various diseases, especially cancers. This subsequent review entails and clarifies the benefits of phytochemicals extracted from Asian medicinal plants due to their imperative values in cancer treatment and other pharmacological targets. The recent discoveries and findings linked to the understanding of medicinal drugs with significance on wide range of phytochemical constituents or secondary metabolites are a current attempt to update our knowledge towards the progress of natural therapeutics novel strategies.

Biginelli Reaction: A Multi-Component Type of Reaction and Synthetic Advancement in the Synthesis of Bioactive Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives

Background: In synthetic and medicinal chemistry, multi-component reactions (MCRs) are considered an essential tool in synthesizing bioactive heterocyclic scaffolds. These reactions have been strategically used in drug discovery and development because of ease and economy. Objective: The current manuscript aims to highlight the importance of the Biginelli reaction in the synthesis of diverse dihydropyrimidinones with medicinal applications. Methods: We searched various keywords, including “multicomponent reaction”, “Biginelli reaction” and “dihydropyrimidinone” on “PubMed, PubChem, and google scholar” and collected the relevant articles for including the current work. Results: Biginelli reaction involving ketoester, aldehyde, and urea is a high-yielding, atomeconomical, environmentally benign reaction for developing a library of new dihydropyrimidinones to drive the process of drug discovery. Several developments were achieved with modifications of synthetic techniques, including C-H activation, coupling, cycloaddition, etc. Inclusively, these modifications give access to a wide range of dihydropyrimidinones. Conclusion: The current review provides an overview of recent developments in the Biginelli reaction and insights into synthesizing bioactive dihydropyrimidinones.

Natural Products as Inhibitors of Coronavirus: An Update

Abstract: In the past couple of decades, several corona virus infections have alarmed the world claiming deaths of huge population over the globe. Effective anti-viral agents have been researched for treatment of COVID-19 infection. Vaccination has come up as an ultimate prevention against SARS-CoV-2virus as many vaccines have been recommended by WHO to be used for prevention from COVID-19. Alternative treatment strategies to combat infection include drug repurposing as well as supportive therapies. Traditional medicines being used from ancient times for different disease conditions provide a wealth of chemical diversity. Different classes of natural products are being utilized to study their antiviral properties and contributed in past for different viral diseases. The aim of current review is to enumerate different secondary metabolites and their pharmacophoric features against corona viruses that can be further optimized to develop more potent inhibitors specific to SARS-CoV-2. This review systematically evaluates natural products and their synthetic/ semisynthetic analogs belonging to terpenoids, polyphenols, saponins, and alkaloids having antiviral activity against coronaviruses. The information obtained from scope of Indian medicinal plants is also discussed which may be evaluated in future against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, it is proposed that the natural products may be used to develop potential inhibitors using the knowledge gained from similar studies to prevent morbidity and mortalities due to SARS-CoV-2.

Pharmacological Activities of the Roots of Stemona tuberosa Medicinal Plant: An Overview

: Since childhood, plants and plant products have been used extensively as medicine. The majority of rural residents still rely on natural resources and the old-fashioned medical system for their daily needs. The biological richness of Arunachal Pradesh is renowned, as is its rich cultural diversity. The native population uses a number of aromatic and medicinal plant species to cure a wide range of illnesses. The current review deals with the biological activity of Stemona tuberosa, a possible medicinal plant species of Arunachal Pradesh. Extract from tuberous roots has numerous properties, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tobacco mosaic virus, antitussive, wound healing, and anti-herpes. The roots' powder is employed as a preservation and insect deterrent. Alkaloids, sugars and glycosides, phenolic compounds, trace amounts of proteins, saponin, flavonoids, and gum mucilage, were all found during the phytochemical analysis, which shows that the species has a significant potential for therapeutic use. As a result, it is possible to think of the examined species as a potential source of beneficial medications.

Recent Advancements in Bioelectronic Medicine: A Review.

Bioelectronic medicine is a multidisciplinary field that combines molecular medicine, neurology, engineering, and computer science to design devices for diagnosing and treating diseases. The advancements in bioelectronic medicine can improve the precision and personalization of illness treatment. Bioelectronic medicine can produce, suppress, and measure electrical activity in excitable tissue. Bioelectronic devices modify specific neural circuits using electrons rather than pharmaceuticals and uses of bioelectronic processes to regulate the biological processes underlining various diseases. This promotes the potential to address the underlying causes of illnesses, reduce adverse effects, and lower costs compared to conventional medication. The current review presents different important aspects of bioelectronic medicines with recent advancements. The area of bioelectronic medicine has a lot of potential for treating diseases, enabling non-invasive therapeutic intervention by regulating brain impulses. Bioelectronic medicine uses electricity to control biological processes, treat illnesses, or regain lost capability. These new classes of medicines are designed by the technological developments in the detection and regulation of electrical signaling methods in the nervous system. Peripheral nervous system regulates a wide range of processes in chronic diseases; it involves implanting small devices onto specific peripheral nerves, which read and regulate the brain signaling patterns to achieve therapeutic effects specific to the signal capacity of a particular organ. The potential for bioelectronic medicine field is vast, as it investigates for treatment of various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, paralysis, chronic illnesses, blindness, etc.

Law enforcement mental health: A systematic review of qualitative research.

The aim of this review was to explore qualitative accounts of law enforcement (LE) officers' personal experiences of mental health, in terms of linguistic descriptions, relationships between occupational experiences and mental health, and challenges to maintaining mental well-being. Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, 1,876 articles were screened, and 31 studies were included in the current review. A risk of bias assessment was used to assess the study's methodological rigor, and data were extracted to answer three exploratory research questions. Results revealed that LE officers frequently experience occupational stressors and identify different mental health difficulties as a result. Additionally, cultural norms and stigma prevalent in the LE profession were noted to contribute to experiences of mental health and impact LE officers' ability to reach out for help and utilize professional resources. This review suggests that efforts to offer mental health services to LE officers need to prioritize cultural competence, confidentiality, and education to overcome stigma and increase mental health literacy and service use. Stakeholders addressing the LE mental health crisis may find this review useful due to several practical recommendations offered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Selecting senior leaders in the public sector: Challenges and best practices.

Although the careful assessment and selection of leaders are important for an organization to succeed, selecting senior leaders can prove paramount given their potential to impact the entire organization. While private sector businesses expend substantial resources to recruit and retain senior leaders, the public sector struggles to do so, which in turn impacts the attitudes and retention of employees throughout the enterprise. For example, a recent survey of federal employees in the United States found that most respondents did not believe their senior leaders generated high levels of motivation and commitment in the workforce. Enhancing the senior leader selection process thus represents a prime opportunity to enhance organizational success in the public sector. The current discussion reviews four core topics for senior leader selection: (a) determine organizational needs, (b) agree upon competencies for a senior leader, (c) leverage employees from all organizational tiers via a selection committee, and (d) examine ethical issues in selecting senior leaders. Each topic contains an overview of the relative challenge while drawing a contrast between senior and junior leadership positions, as well as comparisons between the public and private sectors. These challenges are presented alongside best practices that should produce a more effective selection process. Taken together, this combined evidence should enable organizational success by ensuring that the highest quality candidates are selected into senior leadership positions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Dermatological Application: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspective

:Dermatological disease states have psychological impacts that affect a patient’s life. In the management of such disorders, topical delivery has an important role. However, the conven-tional topical delivery systems suffer from various limitations, like skin irritation, a minute quan-tity of drugs reaching disease sites, and over and under medication, which leads to an adverse re-action and therapeutic failure, respectively. Therefore, researchers continuously search for an al-ternate delivery system for treating skin disease. In recent years, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have emanated as promising carrier systems for topical delivery. The current review pro-vides an in-depth insight into topical administration for treating a variety of dermatological issues using NLCs as a carrier. This review highlights the suitability of NLCs as carriers for topical de-livery, their method of preparation, and their characterization. In the present review, the main emphasis has been given to the management of various dermatological problems by using NLCs as a carrier; a plethora of literature investigating NLC as the carrier for topical delivery has been included in this review. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide a summary of the re-search carried out in this field that will encourage further research in this arena.

Research Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum Linn.) with Threatened Status.

Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) has been used in India for medicinal purposes since the Vedic era. Garden cress, a native of Egypt and southwest Asia, is a small perennial edible herb that has been used to treat many diseases for centuries. The seeds, leaves as well as roots have medicinal properties. The seeds are rich in protein, fat, calcium, and iron and have high nutritional value. They are considered to be galactagogue, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antiasthmatic and antidiarrheal. Leaves, seeds, and aerial parts extracts are found to have alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polypeptides, vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Lepidium sativum is known for its pungent odor due to the several volatile oils and has been used to treat various conditions, including respiratory disorders, muscle pain, inflammation, and bone fractures in the past. Lepidium sativum is a fast-growing annual herb; in India, it is commonly known as Chandrasoor. Whole fruits or seeds are used, fresh or dried, as a seasoning with a peppery flavor. Boiled seeds are consumed in drinks by Arabs, either ground in honey or as an infusion in hot milk. The seed oil can be used for illumination and soap making. Additionally, limited awareness and conservation efforts have further contributed to its threatened status. Recognizing the importance of preserving this valuable plant species is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and ensuring its availability for future generations. Furthermore, this review explores the potential benefits of Lepidium sativum in different domains. Its nutritional value and health benefits make it a promising candidate for addressing malnutrition and improving overall well-being. The presence of bioactive compounds suggests its potential use in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and natural medicines for various ailments. Moreover, Lepidium sativum exhibits antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, offering potential applications in agriculture and pest control. The current review discussed the nutritional, potential benefits and pharmacological effects of Lepidium sativum.

Pediatric Trauma - A Silent Epidemic.

Trauma is the leading cause of preventable deaths in children all over the world. In the majority of cases, children are innocent victims of road traffic accidents. They suffer from both short-term and long-term impacts of trauma. Deaths from road traffic accidents can be prevented by adopting simple road safety measures and the use of protective equipment. Worldwide programs have been initiated to curb this ever-rising menace; however, the success of these programs depends on their outreach and acceptance among the population in general. Golden hours in trauma management is the initial hour post-trauma, the success of resuscitation depends on the appropriate management of pediatric trauma victims in hospitals dedicated to the management of pediatric trauma victims. The current review highlights the epidemiology, pattern of injury, road safety measures, and global health initiatives for the prevention of accident-related injury in children. The shortcomings of this review are as follows- Firstly pediatric trauma is an exhaustive topic, it is impossible to cover all aspects of pediatric trauma. Thus, the review might have missed some important aspects of pediatric trauma. Secondly, the concept of a pediatric trauma registry is nonexistent in almost all developing countries; hence a true picture of pediatric trauma epidemiology and injury patterns is missing. Thirdly not much work has been done on pediatric trauma in developing countries leading to insufficient data from these countries.

Bioanalytical methods and extraction techniques for the quantification of hydrochlorothiazide and its pharmaceutical combinations: A comprehensive review

AbstractHydrochlorothiazide has been utilized clinically for the past half-century, which is popularly known as a “water pill” as it produces increased urine output. The advancement of bioanalytical methods brought a dynamic field with exciting opportunities for future research. The current review emphasis the bioanalytical methods employed for the quantitative estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide as monotherapy and its popularly used combinational medications available from 1956 to till date. A fixed dose of 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide with 43 combinational medications is currently available in the market and these combinations are widely employed in the treatment of hypertensive people; those whose blood pressure does not respond effectively to monotherapy of hydrochlorothiazide and also for the treatment of edema (excess fluid in the body) caused by illness such as heart failure, liver problems, and renal disease. It has been convincingly demonstrated that the combination of any two antihypertensive medications belonging to different groups of the same category, significantly lowers blood pressure, in comparison with the effect produced by increasing the dose of a single medicament. Among the various analytical techniques employed for the estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide, the review portrays that hyphenated technique, in specific liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy was widely employed. The validation parameters namely linearity, LOD, LOQ for individual drug and their combinations, were successfully calibrated. The effectiveness of analytical approaches was evaluated and enhanced for chemical factors. The involvement of green chemistry in the optimized methods for the evaluation of Hydrochlorothiazide for the future development, are suggested.

Glp-1 Mimetics and Autophagy in Diabetic Milieu: State-of-the-Art.

The diabetic milieu is associated with cascades of pathophysiological pathways that culminate in diabetic complications and tissue injuries. Autophagy is an essential process mandatory for cell survival and tissue homeostasis by degrading damaged organelles and removing injured cells. However, it may turn into a pathological process in an aberrant mode in the diabetic and/or malignant milieu. Moreover, autophagy could serve as a promising therapeutic target for many complications related to tissue injury. Glp-1 mimetics are a class of newer antidiabetic agents that reduce blood glucose through several pathways. However, some evidence suggests that they can provide extra glycemic benefits by modulating autophagy, although there is no complete understanding of this mechanism and its underlying molecular pathways. Hence, in the current review, we aimed to provide new insights on the possible impact of Glp-1 mimetics on autophagy and consequent benefits as well as mediating pathways.

Herbs for the Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus: A Thorough Analysis with Particular Emphasis on Preclinical, Clinical Trials, and their Hypothesised Mechanisms

Background: In recent times, herbal medicines have experienced an expansion in both developing and developed countries due to their natural origin and low incidence of adverse effects. A systematic review was performed to gather information regarding herbal plants used to treat diabetes mellitus. Objective: The aim of this article was to review evidence from preclinical and clinical trials and the proposed mechanism of herbal drugs in diabetes mellitus. Methods: A literature survey was carried out mainly focused on scientific papers published in recent years. The search strategy involved interrelated keywords, like “Diabetes mellitus,” “Herbs,” “Hyperglycaemia,” and other uniterms. Electronic databases used were Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Elsevier. Results: Twenty studies, including preclinical and clinical trials, were selected for evaluating the mechanism of the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of herbal drugs in diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Through clinical and preclinical research as well as an analysis of the mechanism of action of herbs, the current review provides preliminary evidence for possible anti-diabetic benefits of herbal medicines.

Natural Alkaloids and Mechanisms for Anti-cancer Action: A Review

: Cancer is a global public health issue. Cancer therapy has been hampered by the issue of multidrug resistance, which is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. As a result, the use of natural derived drugs for cancer prevention and therapy has been researched and developed for decades. Alkaloids are plant-derived secondary metabolites that have antiproliferative and anticancer effects on several forms of cancer. Camptothecin and vinblastine, two anticancer medicines derived from alkaloids, have been adequately developed in the past. Alkaloids, a drug lead compounds, derived from natural products, have the advantage of being used by the host, making them suitable for further exploitation. The current review looks at the anticancer potential of numerous naturally occurring alkaloids, as well as the mechanism behind their anticancer effect.

Promising Influences of Moringa oleifera in Functional Foods against Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive and Mechanistic Review.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now considered a global issue with a growing financial and health impact. Numerous herbal alternatives have been examined and researched due to the ever-increasing demand for new medications to treat metabolic syndrome disorders. People have empirically employed Moringa oleifera (MO), a native plant to several Asian nations, for a variety of diseases. We sought to examine recent research on MO in MetS and its potential mechanism of action in the current review. Four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar, were thoroughly searched, and the data were then compiled. In total, 146 papers covering nonclinical and clinical MO investigations in metabolic syndromerelated disorders are included in this study. Numerous research confirmed MO's positive impact on the control of blood glucose, blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Many molecular processes have been investigated, including increasing glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression, inhibition of β-Hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), α-glucosidase inhibiting, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and other suggested mechanisms. The current review established much data favoring MO's potential advantages in metabolic syndrome. However, further research involving human studies is required in this area to determine whether Moringa can effectively treat metabolic syndrome.