Current Research Research Articles

Studies on the Magneto-structural Properties and Initial Permittivity of Chemically Produced Nanoscale Nickel-substituted Zinc Manganese Mixed Ferrites

Objective: The objective of this work was to study in more detail the dielectric permittivity and dielectric losses at different frequencies. It is well known that adding ions increases the dielectric constant and increases the dielectric loss as well as conductivity. Furthermore, the real part of the dielectric constant decreases with increasing frequency. Dielectrics are used as a capacitor for storing energy and a transformer for insulating and cooling agents. To enhance the performance of a semiconductor device, high-permittivity dielectric materials are used. Another aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of how frequency influences the dielectric and electrical properties and what are the mathematical forms of these dependencies. With this aim, magnetic mixed metal oxide systems ZnMn1-xNixFexO4 (x=0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) have been synthesized in this work using wet chemical approaches. The prepared mixed-metal oxide nanomaterials have been characterized using analytical techniques, viz., XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, VSM, TGA/DTA, etc. Methods: Nanoparticles of ZnMn1-xNixFexO4 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) have been synthesized using the lucrative as well as eco-friendly chemical sol-gel technique. According to the Debye-Scherrer equation, the generated nanoparticles had an average crystallite size of 34 nm, and the ferrite sample showed a cubic structure. Two absorption bands at 411-455 and 595 cm-1 in FT-IR spectroscopy have evidenced the aforementioned structure to exist in the manufactured samples. The magnetic curves demonstrated that after nickel replacement, the values of coercivity and saturation magnetization altered. Between 20 Hz and 1 MHz, a dielectric behavior demonstrated conductivity and dielectric dispersion owing to interfacial polarization, as well as the interior of grain boundaries. Results: In the present case, it has been observed that the dielectric behavior decreased with increasing Ni concentration in the above-synthesized compositions. Such change may be due to the increase in resistivity of Zn-Mn ferrite with the substitution of nickel concentration and it has indicated the dielectric behavior to be directly proportional to the square root of conductivity. Conclusion: Current research has demonstrated that ferrite nanoparticles have sparked substantial interest due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, distinctive tunable capabilities, hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, and exceptional magnetic properties. The samples' structural, microstructural, magnetic, and electrical characteristics, have also been examined.

Current Research and Future Directions in Image Restoration Technology: An Emerging Field

Background:: A review and analysis of digital image restoration are provided in this work. The goal of image restoration is to enhance the quality of an image by understanding the physical process that created it. Objective:: The purpose of picture restoration is to cover up or correct flaws that lower an image's quality. Motion blur, noise, and difficulty focusing the camera are just a few examples of how degradation can manifest itself. When there is motion blur, for example, it is possible to "undo" the blurring function and return the image to its previous state. Methods:: The best course of action when noise distorts an image is to fix the damage it causes. In contrast to image enhancement, which focuses more on highlighting or extracting picture features than on restoring degradations, image restoration restores degraded images. While the mathematical representation of enhancement criteria is challenging, image restoration difficulties may be properly quantified. Results:: Restoration of images began in the 1950s. Application areas for image restoration include consumer photography, legal investigations, filmmaking and rivalries, image and video decoding, and scientific research. Image reconstruction in radio astronomy, radar imaging, and tomography is the principal area of use. Conclusion:: This study proposal explores various image restoration methods and discusses the value of image restoration techniques.

A Convenient one-pot Approach to the Synthesis of Novel Benzimidazole-Indole Molecular Hybrids as Benzazacamalexin Related Analogues.

New benzazacamalexin-related analogues are synthesized in an easily accessible one-pot approach. The method is based on the reaction of indoles with in situ formed electrophilic N-alkoxycarbonylbenzimidazolium reagents. For the first time, their application for N-alkylation of the indole nitrogen atom is announced toward novel tris-heterocyclic hybrids. The structure of newly obtained products was spectrally charac-terized by 1D and 2D-NMR, FTIR and HRMS spectral data. The current scientific re-search is based on the application of a convenient and efficient route for the preparation of various benzimidazoles. This approach is both straightforward and economical, utilizing readily accessible and affordable reagents leading to target compounds. The synthesis of novel benzimidazole-indole molecular hybrids as benzazaca-malexin related analogues. A suitable in situ method has been successfully applied, using an α-amidoalkylation reaction of indoles with N,N-diacyliminium reagents derived from ben-zimidazoles and alkyl chloroformates. The reactions led to the obtaining of ten novel compounds (5a-e, 6a-e), including bromine and iodine-containing benzo-analogues on a gram-scale scope and yields ranging from 82% to 99%. For the first time the synthesis of indole tris-heterocycles (7a, b) through the reaction of N-alkylation of the indole nitrogen atom is announced giving an-other potential synthetic application of the N,N-dialkoxycarbonyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolium adducts. The structure of the newly synthesized products is spectrally analysed and proved.

A Review on High-speed Electric Spindle Dynamics Modeling and Vibration Response Research

Background: One of the main directions of modern technology in the field of precision machining is high-speed operation. The spindle system is commonly utilized in this kind of operation, and the electric spindle is the main preference among high-speed machine tool spindles. Objective: High-speed electric spindle vibration characteristics affect the machining accuracy of the machine tool and the quality of the workpiece, so the research on high-speed electric spindle vibration characteristics has important engineering practical significance. Methods: The research status of high-speed electrospindle at home and abroad has been summarized in this paper. Combined with the patents related to the dynamics modelling of electrospindle, the research on the dynamics modelling of high-speed electrospindle is analyzed. On this basis, the computational and analytical methods for the vibration modelling of the electrospindle, including the transfer matrix method and the finite element method, are investigated, the theoretical foundations of these methods are discussed in depth, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are evaluated. The applicability and limitations of the two methods are also compared. Results: The analysis has shown that the current research on the vibration characteristics of highspeed electrospindle is mainly based on mechanical modal analysis and electromagnetic analysis. At present, the dynamic modeling of the electrospindle mainly includes bearing modeling, shaft bearing modeling, spindle-case modeling, electrospindle electromechanical coupling modeling, electrospindle thermal coupling modeling, etc. The correctness of the modelling theory is verified through experimental and simulation results. Although these models tend to be perfected, they are still insufficient in the case of multiple influencing factors coupling and need further development. Conclusion: Finally, through the analysis of the patent and dynamic characteristics related to the high-speed electric spindle, thermal deformation, magnetic tension, material, and other factors should be considered comprehensively, and these factors should be coupled to establish an overall dynamics model for the vibration characteristics analysis. The dynamic modelling, vibration modelling method, and vibration characteristics of the high-speed electric spindle have been summarized in this study, and the outlook is presented.

Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of H2's Regulatory Effect on miR-29s for Brain Protection during Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest.

Research regarding post-operative brain protection after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) has gained attracted significant attention. We previously demonstrated that hydrogen can significantly reverse DHCA-induced brain damage. In the current research, we have established the DHCA model successfully using a modified four-vessel occlusion method and injected miR-29s compounds into the hippocampal tissue of rats. We were surprised to find hydrogen increased miR-29s expression in the hippocampal tissue of a DHCA rat model. The administration of agomiR-29s counteracted DHCA-induced hippocampal tissue injury, while the antamiR-29s had the opposite effects. Based on the above facts, the brain protection mechanism of hydrogen in DHCAtreated rats may be related to the upregulation of miR-29s, which can exert its beneficial effects by alleviating apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidation.

Formulation and Evaluation of Hard Lozenges by Using Garlic Tincture

Background: Lozenges are one of the more well-liked and inventive oral confectionery products in the market. The lozenges also act as solid medications that are flavored, sweetened, and meant to be sucked into the mouth/pharynx or held over that cavity. Garlic contains anti-microbial agents which help to reduce the impact of cough and reduce it. Aims: The goal of the current research is to formulate and investigate herbal lozenges by using garlic tinctures with their antimicrobial action to cure the infection caused by microbes. Methods: Hard lozenges were prepared by Heating and congealing techniques and statistical analysis was done by using one sample chi-square test (IBM SPSS version 20). Results: Hard lozenges were formulated by using garlic tinctures with minimum excipients. According to ICH recommendations, stability experiments were conducted. According to the stability investigations, there were no major changes noticed during the period after the one-month stability test. The antimicrobial activity was studied under different time intervals after 8-72 hours. The inhibition zone value for the test sample was found to be 0.1-0.5 mm and for the standard sample was noticed from 0.5-0.8 mm, respectively. The statistical test outcome revealed, no remarkable difference shown between the prepared and the marketed formulation (p>0.05). Conclusion: From the present work, it was concluded that the prepared lozenges have similar result with minimum ingredients as compared to the marketed formulation (Tulsi-ginger lozenges). Hence, the formulation, testing, and antimicrobial activity for oral use in garlic lozenges were effective.

Sustainable Teaching and Learning E-learning Model towards Redesigning Transformative Learning Model for Knowledge Sharing & Infrastructure Enhancements Post COVID-19

Background: Recently, e-learning has become a very basic, integral part of technologybased learning. Wide trends are increasing day by day because of the demands and its usage based on working remotely due to highly penetrated mobile handheld devices and digital media. The smart campus infrastructure has played a vital role to its full extent towards Z millennium students in the 20th century. The teaching and learning accessibility depends on terms of various cost-based affordable platforms, either with synchronous learning or asynchronous mode of learning. Methods: The current research explores the changeling leading to infrastructural reforms as per the need for digital media for e-learning during and after COVID-19 spreads. The perspectives in 2 forms of research study are: 1st working on infrastructural needs and demands for the smart campuses and online learning challenges and 2nd is working on platforms technology utilization for better accessible resources for all learners. This work studied different aspects during and after COVID-19, leading to the importance of uninterrupted internet access, phone, hardware and reliability, etc. In this work, the importance of gamification study and flipped classrooms for enhancing learner performance to highly engage them in learning environments focused research model on learner engagement on Gamified perceiving study with Smart PLS-SEM was investigated. Promoting sustainability in its entirety through knowledge transfer and contributions to address various challenges in the redesign of learners' syllabi to meet educational needs, emphasizing online learning to integrate various modes of learner platforms, personalized teaching and learning, peer-to-peer communication for learner enhancement, and student engagement through gamification are studied. Results: Learners who are enrolled at the school, college, and university levels of education increased exponentially post-COVID-19. More than 90% responded to school closures with different learning abilities. Nearly 50% of countries in the world are merging guidance with faculty training. The enrolment in online courses has surged to more than 80%, and the success rates for online courses have increased to more than 70%. The eventual outcome is to emphasize the two aspects of the online platform of teaching and learning by giving students higher outcomes and intelligent aspects of a smart campus. The learners progress in terms of less network connectivity loss, efficient chat system, knowledge sharing, online assessments, micro-learning, increasing engagement, and gamification rewards in online learning. PLS-SEM results indicate the fitness values for a fit model with x2/df as 1.50 and RMSEA as 0.059. Conclusion: From the learning prospective, the research focuses on inferring the importance of gamified learning applications for student learning satisfaction levels. This enhances and improves their fun learning competence.

DsbA-L: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases.

The increasing incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes, is a serious social public problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find effective prevention and treatment measures for these diseases. DsbA-L is a protein that is widely expressed in many tissues and is closely related to metabolism. Emerging evidence shows that DsbA-L plays an important role in antioxidative stress, promoting the synthesis and secretion of adiponectin and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and the abnormalities of these functions are also closely related to the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. Here, we reviewed the tissue expression patterns and regulatory factors of DsbA-L, summarized its biological functions and the current research progress of DsbA-L in metabolic diseases, and found that DsbA-L may be a promising target for metabolic diseases.

Protective Role of Electroacupuncture Against Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases.

Many neurological diseases can lead to cognitive impairment in patients, which includes dementia and mild cognitive impairment and thus create a heavy burden both to their families and public health. Due to the limited effectiveness of medications in treating cognitive impairment, it is imperative to develop alternative treatments. Electroacupuncture (EA), a required method for Traditional Chinese Medicine, has the potential treatment of cognitive impairment. However, the molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. Considering the current research status, preclinical literature published within the ten years until October 2022 was systematically searched through PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Ovid, and Embase. By reading the titles and abstracts, a total of 56 studies were initially included. It is concluded that EA can effectively ameliorate cognitive impairment in preclinical research of neurological diseases and induce potentially beneficial changes in molecular pathways, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, chronic pain, and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, EA exerts beneficial effects through the same or diverse mechanisms for different disease types, including but not limited to neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and autophagy. However, these findings raise further questions that need to be elucidated. Overall, EA therapy for cognitive impairment is an area with great promise, even though more research regarding its detailed mechanisms is warranted.

Investigation of Iminosugars as Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Inhibitor Design and Optimization, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Studies to Explore Potential Inhibitory Effect of 1-Deoxynojirmycin Series.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses an enormous challenge to human health and economy at a global level. According to WHO's latest data, till now, there have been a total of 641,435,884 confirmed cases of COVID-19, and the associated deaths are 6,621,060. Though few vaccinations have been approved for emergency usage, antiviral medications for long-term therapeutics are still being sought. The current research seeks to identify the inhibitory effect of iminosugars, particularly 1-deoxynojirmycin (IDNJ) series, against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV2-Mpro) using an inhibitor optimization approach for 1DNJ series. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of iminosugars, specifically 1-deoxynojirmycin (1-DNJ) derivatives, on SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) as it plays a vital role in viral propagation and transcription and is shaped like a heart. The main objective of this study was to find the possibility of 1-DNJ derivatives being potent inhibitors against SARS CoV2 Mpro. This study was focused on finding the most probable conformation in which DNJ derivatives could bind to Mpro. Another objective was to obtain molecular-level details by getting insights into stable interactions formed between the ligand and receptor. In silico molecular mechanics (MM) based techniques were employed to identify the best-docked inhibitors using molecular docking, and complexes that showed stable interactions were further subjected to 200 ns of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to check the stability of ligand into the binding pocket of SARS-CoV2-Mpro. The inhibitors that formed stable complexes were further tested for their ADME properties in order to check the pharmacokinetic parameters as well as their therapeutic importance. Docking was performed on 29 compounds from two different series against SARS-CoV-2 main protease, Mpro (PDB ID: 6LZE). Twelve compounds were found to have high docking scores and better interactions with the active site of Mpro, as compared to the co-crystallized ligand. Furthermore, the three highest-scoring docked compounds (17a, 7, and 8) depicted strong and stable complex formation, throughout the 200 ns molecular dynamics simulation, by analyzing the binding energy (MM/GBSA). The molecules were discovered to form stable interactions with conserved active-site residues, which play an important role in demonstrating activity in structure-based drug design. The ADMET analysis was performed using Qikprop, and the proposed stable derivatives passed all of the needed drug discovery standards, potentially inhibiting the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. The present findings confer opportunities for compounds 17a, 7, and 8 that could be developed as new therapeutic agents against COVID-19. These compounds are suggested on the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters as well as therapeutic importance and hence could be tested in-vitro.

Effect of Syzygium cumini on Oxidative Stress Induced Cardiac Cellular Anomalies.

Doxorubicin (Dox), an antineoplastic agent is used as a primary anticancerous drug against various types of cancers. However, its associated toxicity to the cardiovascular system is major. Literature has recorded the cases of mortality due to poor validation and lack of prediagnosis of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Therapeutic interventions using natural products having cardioprotective properties with low toxic outcomes hold therapeutic potential for future cardio-oncological therapies. Syzygium cumini (Black berry), a traditional Indian herbal plant, has been researched and found to exert cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, which have been credited due to the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. In the current research, we investigated the cardioprotective potential of Syzygium cumini against Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Methanolic seed extract preparation of Syzygium cumini was performed using the Soxhlet apparatus. Cell viability and cell death assays were performed to determine the cardiotoxic doses of Doxorubicin. Furthermore, the cardioprotective potential of Syzygium cumini extract against DIC was studied. Morphological and nuclear alterations in H9C2 cells were studied by microscopic assays using Giemsa, Haematoxylin-Eosin stain, and PI. The intracellular stress level and ROS production were studied using DCFH-DA followed by mitochondrial integrity analysis using fluorescent microscopic methods. In the results, we investigated that Dox exerted a dose and time-dependent cardiotoxicity on H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we observed that morphological and nuclear alterations caused by doxorubicin in dose-dependent manner were prevented by supplementing with Syzygium cumini polyphenols and it attenuated the oxidative stress in H9C2 cardiomyocytes effectively. Conclusively, Syzygium cumini possesses cardioprotective potential in H9C2 cardiomyocytes in dox-induced cardiotoxicity.

Unlocking the Therapeutic Potentiality of Natural Products in Cancer Therapy: A Recent Update and Current Prospects

Abstract: Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality that affects a large propotion of population worldwide each year. Traditional and synthetic medications are less successful in cancer treatment. The deleterious effects of synthetic compounds divert our attention toward the utilization of naturally derived compounds in current clinical research. The impact of biodiversity on population development and livelihood represents a wider area of interest that still heavily relies on natural medicines against the cure of various ailments. Since ancient times, people have been using natural plants because of their accessibility and economical affordability as a safe therapeutic alternative to traditional synthetic drugs. Currently, plants are used because of their remarkable properties in the form of staple drugs. These plants gain huge attention as a safe treatment option with anti-tumor, chemo-protective and anti-proliferative properties than conventional harmful therapeutics. The secondary metabolites extracted from medicinal plants lead to the production of innovative therapeutic strategies against cancer and other diseases. Targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals agents, through chemical and conventional methods is a significant challenge. The discovery of nano-vectors provides a solution to this issue with the innovation of plant-based nanoparticles have been manufactured using an ecologically sound method. Based on the highlights provided, the current review provides updated knowledge on diverse aspects of medicinal plants including challenges, significance and their role as a potential therapeutic agent against the treatment of various diseases, especially cancers. This subsequent review entails and clarifies the benefits of phytochemicals extracted from Asian medicinal plants due to their imperative values in cancer treatment and other pharmacological targets. The recent discoveries and findings linked to the understanding of medicinal drugs with significance on wide range of phytochemical constituents or secondary metabolites are a current attempt to update our knowledge towards the progress of natural therapeutics novel strategies.

Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-conditioned Media with Natural Immunomodulatory Agent Resveratrol on Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a condition marked by elevated blood sugar levels and primarily recognized by the destruction of beta cells caused by an autoimmune attack, which is a significant characteristic of T1DM. Recent studies have demonstrated the regenerative potential of conditioned medium therapy. In light of this, the current research sought to assess the impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cell conditioned media (CM) and CM with resveratrol (CM+ Resveratrol) on the management of T1DM in Swiss albino mice. By leveraging and modifying existing conditioned medium therapy, this study aims to evaluate its effectiveness in treating T1DM. Diabetes was induced in animals using the diabetes-inducing agent streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were then divided into five groups: Normal control, Disease Control, Resveratrol, Condition Media, and CM + Resveratrol. Treatments were given to the animals accordingly. The study period was 28 days. During this time, the animals were monitored for foodwater intake twice a week, blood glucose levels, and body weight. At the conclusion of the 28-day study period, biochemical estimations were performed for serum insulin levels, C-peptide levels, anti-inflammatory cytokines levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Additionally, histopathology of the pancreas was performed. The test groups showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, an increase in Cpeptide levels, and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels compared to the disease group. However, no statistically significant change within groups was observed in terms of serum insulin and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. The improvement in diabetic symptoms, such as polyphagia, polydipsia, and weight loss, was observed in the treatment group, along with pancreatic regeneration, which indicated improved insulin secretion. In the current investigation, we concluded that CM and CM+ Resveratrol, as natural immunomodulators, have the capacity to regenerate injured pancreatic beta cells and have antidiabetic action, together with immunomodulating impact. Nonetheless, future studies on this therapy appear to be promising.

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles and Antibiotics against Multidrug-resistant Biofilm Bacteria.

The misuse of antibiotics leads to a global increase in antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is imperative to search for alternative compounds to conventional antibiotics. ZnO nanoparticles (Zn NP) are one of these alternatives because they are an effective option to overcome biofilm bacterial cells and a novel way to overcome multidrug resistance in bacteria. The current research study aims to characterize the efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles alone and in combination with other antibacterial drugs against bacterial biofilms. ZnO NPs were prepared by co-precipitation method, and their anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities alone or combined with four types of broad-spectrum antibacterial (Norfloxacin, Colistin, Doxycycline, and Ampicillin) were evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains. Finally, the cytotoxicity and the hemolytic activity were evaluated. ZnO NPs were prepared, and results showed that their size was around 10 nm with a spherical shape and a zeta potential of -21.9. In addition, ZnO NPs were found to have a strong antibacterial effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, they could eradicate biofilmforming microorganisms at a concentration of 125 μg/m. ZnO NPs were found to be non-toxic to erythrocyte cells. Still, some toxicity was observed for Vero cells at effective concentration ranges needed to inhibit bacterial growth and eradicate biofilm-forming organisms. When combined with different antibacterial, ZnO NP demonstrated synergistic and additive effects with colistin, and the MIC and MBEC of the combination decreased significantly to 0.976 μg/mL against planktonic and biofilm strains of MDR Gram-positive bacteria, resulting in significantly reduced toxicity. The findings of this study encourage the development of alternative therapies with high efficacy and low toxicity. ZnO nanoparticles have demonstrated promising results in overcoming multi-drug resistant bacteria and biofilms, and their combination with colistin has shown a significant reduction in toxicity. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential of ZnO nanoparticles as a viable alternative to conventional antibiotics.

Research Progress on the Application of Nanocellulose in Glucose Sensing.

Nanocellulose is not only a biocompatible and environmentally friendly material but also has excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, and a large number of hydroxyl groups that have a strong affinity for water. These characteristics have attracted significant attention from researchers in the field of glucose sensing. This review provides a brief overview of the current research status of traditional materials used in glucose sensors. The sensing performance, chemical stability, and environ-mental properties of nanocellulose-based glucose sensors are compared and summarized based on the three sensing methods: electrochemical sensing, colorimetric sensing, and fluo-rescence sensing. The article focuses on recent strategies for glucose sensing using nanocel-lulose as a matrix. The development prospects of nanocellulose-based glucose sensors are also discussed. Nanocellulose has outstanding structural characteristics that contribute signifi-cantly to the sensing performance of glucose sensors in different detection modes. However, the preparation process for high-quality nanocellulose is complicated and has a low yield. Furthermore, the sensitivity and selectivity of nanocellulose-based glucose sensors require further improvement.

Facility dog roles, responsibilities, and experiences in pediatric healthcare

ABSTRACT Current research indicates therapeutic benefits associated with facility dog interventions for hospitalized pediatric patients; however, considerably less is known about understanding, structuring, and optimizing these specialized services. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the roles, responsibilities, and experiences of pediatric hospital-based facility dog teams and programs. Participants included 43 facility dog handlers employed in US pediatric healthcare settings. A survey collected information about handler and program characteristics, perceptions of the facility dog role, and intervention provision experiences. Most programs were found in freestanding children’s hospitals, serving inpatient units, ambulatory surgery, the emergency department, and radiology. They described facility dogs as highly trained, facility-specific animals that work in tandem with trained psychosocial support professionals to identify and meet patient- and family-focused goals. Participants reported a spectrum of psychosocial interventions, describing their work as primarily animal-assisted therapy, with some animal-assisted intervention and animal-assisted activities as well. Facility dogs, alongside their handlers, offer an array of interventions grounded in their assessment of a child and family’s psychosocial and developmental needs and goals. Though programs may differ in some ways, they are united in their aims to provide intentional, playful, and healing interventions for hospitalized children and families.

Guidance provision in Youthreach centres

This article investigates the current provision of guidance counselling in Youthreach education. Current research and policy on guidance counselling provision in Youthreach suggests that there is an apparent gap in policy outlining clear guidelines (NCGE 2019; SOLAS 2020). This article aims to investigate these claims in more detail by combining themes from current literature and policy with themes identified in the data obtained from qualitative semi-structured interviews with eight Youthreach coordinators and eight former students.

The Rational of Colloid Requirements in Burn Patients : Literature Reviews

Backgrounds: For decades, fluid resuscitation in burn patients has been done as a routine process; most clinicians continue to adjust volume requirements using Parkland formula for the initial 24- hour period. In a variety of situations, there is increasing recognition of using significantly greater volumes than anticipated by the Parkland formula; clinicians tend to escalate volume requirements to drive the urine output to the higher end of any desired range. This excessive fluid could result in numerous edema-related complications, which currently coined as “fluid creep” phenomenon. Besides optimizing titration of fluid infusion rate, there have been studies of earlier and more liberal use of colloids, and even the use of hypertonic saline. The overall goal is to reduce the resuscitation volume requirements and subsequently, early edema formation.Conclusion: Current research in fluid resuscitation now concentrates on approaches to minimize fluid creep, including tighter control of fluid infusion rate. The single most important principle in using the Parkland formula, however, is that it should be used only as a guideline. The resuscitation rate and volume must be continually adjusted based on the response of the patient. Studies have been demonstrated to compare the use of crystalloids with early colloid in the first 24 hours post burn. At present, there are still wide variations in the timing of colloid resuscitation. However, use of 5% albumin in the second 24 hours seems to be an acceptable alternative.

Review on Hydrogel Based Systems and their use in Drug Delivery for Wound Healing & Wound Management

Abstract: The largest organ of the human body, the skin, shields the body from the outside environment. Despite having a great capacity for regeneration, major skin abnormalities cannot heal on their own and must be covered with artificial skin. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in the area of skin tissue engineering to create novel skin replacements. Because of their porous as well as moisturized polymeric structural composition, hydrogels are one of the choices with the greatest ability to imitate the natural skin microenvironment. Naturally derived polymers, synthesized polymers, polymerizable synthetic monomolecules, as well as mixtures of natural and synthesized polymers, can all be used to create hydrogels. They can be used to assist in the regeneration as well as repair of the wounded dermis, epidermis or else both by dressing various wounds permanently or temporarily. Hydrogels possess distinct properties like lightweight, stretchable, biocompatible, and biodegradable; they have the potential to be incorporated as flexible solutions for the care of chronic wounds. Additionally, these characteristics make hydrogels appropriate for use in the pharmaceutical and medical industries. Physical, chemical, and hybrid bonding are all involved in the creation of hydrogels. Several processes, including solution casting, solution mixing, bulk crosslinking polymerization, the free radical mechanism, radiation therapy, and the development of interpenetrating networks, are used to create the bonding. This review primarily focuses on the type of wounds with phases in wound healing and the many kinds of hydrogels based on cross-linking, ionic charge, physical properties, source etc., and it also describes potential fabrication techniques for hydrogel design in biomedical applications, drug delivery as well as wound management hydrogel systems. Hydrogel-based systems for wound recovery and management are described, as well as current research & future prospective of hydrogel-based drug delivery systems in wound healing for topical applications.

Improved Gradient Inversion Attacks and Defenses in Federated Learning

Gradient inversion attacks can reconstruct the victim's private data once they have access to the victim's model and gradient. However, existing research is still immature, and many attacks are conducted in ideal conditions. It is unclear how damaging such attacks really are and how they can be effectively defended. In this paper, we first summarize the current relevant researches and their limitations. Then we design a general gradient inversion attack framework, which can attack both FedSGD and FedAVG. We propose approaches to enhance the label inference and image restoration, respectively. Our approach surpasses the SOTA attacks, by successfully attacking the batches from ImageNet while other methods fail to attack. Finally, we suggest several defense strategies without any utility loss from extensive experiments. We are confirmed that our work makes people aware of the privacy issues and can actively avoid the potential risks.