With the development of digital technology and the popularity of the Internet, e-learning has become an increasingly popular learning method. However, current e-learning systems often lack personalization and intelligence, and cannot meet the different learning needs of students. This paper designed an intelligent e-learning system using adaptive learning algorithm and artificial intelligence technology. The system aims to provide a personalized learning experience to help students efficiently master the knowledge of art courses. We introduce in detail the design and implementation of the intelligent e-learning system, which uses the adaptive learning algorithm to continuously adjust the learning content and learning methods by analyzing the students’ learning behaviors and characteristics. The system provide intelligent tutoring and evaluation functions to help students with autonomous learning and feedback. By comparing the experiment with the traditional e-learning system, we find that the intelligent e-learning system has significant advantages in improving the learning effect and learning motivation. After using the intelligent e-learning system, students’ knowledge mastery and learning interest have been significantly improved.