Current Drivers Research Articles

Understanding modern drivers of the employee experience in healthcare

Employee engagement has been considered the guiding metric to convey the health, loyalty, and performance of the healthcare workforce. However, the pandemic created new challenges and stimulated deeper conversations around remote work, systemic racism, inclusivity, trust, well-being, and mental illness, which calls into question whether engagement alone is enough. Using an employee experience model deployed in other industries, we identified key drivers of six employee experience (EX) outcomes. We conducted a panel study with close to 5,000 nurses and physicians to identify and prioritize current key drivers specific to the healthcare employee experience. Relative weights analyses suggest that being treated with respect, strategic alignment, work-life balance, and growth and development are key themes in driving employee experience. Subsequent analysis revealed key differences across physician and nurse experiences, especially in relation to wellbeing, burnout, and intent to stay, where nurses scored significantly lower than physicians across these outcomes. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Staff & Provider Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://www.theberylinstitute.org/ExperienceFramework). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens.

EV drivers’ willingness to accept smart charging: Measuring preferences of potential adopters

• Choice experiment to measure EV drivers’ willingness to smart charge. • Tailored sample with potential adopters of smart charging solutions. • Empirical insights into EV drivers’ preferences for attributes of charging offers. • Identification of the segment likeliest to be early adopters of smart charging. The increasing convergence of the mobility and electricity sectors creates many opportunities and challenges around electric vehicle (EV) charging. It is a large interest of the industry to gain EV drivers’ consent for smart charging to facilitate the smooth integration of EVs into the electricity grid and maximize the miles driven on renewable power. This study assesses the preferences of potential adopters of smart charging solutions. Employing a choice experiment, this study measures the extent to which and under which conditions EV drivers are willing to adjust the charging location, duration, and charging mode. Based on a sample of 202 current and potential EV drivers, a total of 6′240 experimental decisions for different smart charging offers were analyzed. The results reveal crucial insights into the preference structure of current and potential EV drivers. Based on these findings, this study offers recommendations for providers of smart charging to win early adopters.

A compact pulsed power driver with precisely shaped current waveforms for magnetically driven loading experiments.

Magnetically driven loading techniques based on high current pulsed power drivers are very important tools for researching material dynamic behaviors and high-pressure physics. Based on the technologies of a Marx generator energy storage and low impedance coaxial cable energy transmission, a compact high current pulsed power driver CQ-7 was developed and established at the Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, which can generate precisely shaped current waveforms for magnetically driven loading experiments. CQ-7 is composed of 256 two-stage Marx generators in parallel with low impedance, high voltage coaxial cables for current output. The 256 Marx generators are divided into 16 groups, and each separate group can be individually triggered to discharge and shape currents in sequence by a low jitter, high voltage pulse trigger with 16 output signals. The electrical parameters of CQ-7 are a capacitance of 20.48 µF, an inductance of 4.12 nH, and a resistance of 3.35 mΩ in a short circuit. When working at the charging voltage of ±40-±60kV, CQ-7 can deliver a peak current from 5 to 7 MA to the short-circuit loads with a rising time of 400-700ns at different discharging time sequences. Two different experiments were conducted to test the performance of CQ-7: magnetically driven high velocity flyer plates and solid liner implosion. The results show that CQ-7 can accelerate the aluminum flyer plate with a size of 12 × 8 × 1mm3 to more than 7.5 km/s and uniformly drive the aluminum liner with an inner diameter of 6.2mm and a thickness of 0.4mm to more than 9.5 km/s. Furthermore, these experiments indicate that CQ-7 is a robust platform for material dynamics and high-pressure physics.

Impact of land use/land cover changes on ecosystem service values in the cherangany hills water tower, Kenya

Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes alter the ecosystem structure and function, resulting in variations of the Ecosystem Service Values (ESVs). This study investigated the impacts of LULC changes on ESVs over 37 years in the Cherangany Hills Water Tower (CHWT) of Kenya. Landsat images from 1985 and 2022 were used to examine historical LULC changes in the CHWT. Supervised classification was carried out using the Random Forest (RF) classifier in R-Studio while ArcGIS desktop software was used for mapping to evaluate the LULC changes. Accuracy assessments were also conducted for each reference year. The estimation of ESVs was done using the Benefit Transfer Approach (BTA), employing modified local value coefficients. Six LULC types (Forest, Cropland, Grassland, Water bodies, Bareland, and Built-up area) were successfully classified, with overall accuracies of more than 92.5% and Kappa coefficients greater than 0.91. Our study findings showed an expansion in built-up areas (201.63%), cropland (36.78%), and water bodies (40.05%) whereas grassland, forest, and bareland experienced a reduction in their land areas by 28.26%, 13.38%, and 24.15% respectively between 1985 and 2022 in the CHWT. Consequently, there was an increase in the ESV of cropland while forest and grassland registered a decrease in their ESVs. Overall, the total ESV of the CHWT declined by 7.16% from 121.22 million United States Dollars (USD) in the year 1985 to 112.54 million USD in 2022. As for the individual ESVs, 15 out of the 17 individual Ecosystem Services (ES) registered negative changes in their ESVs. Food production and biological control were the two individual ES with positive ESV changes over the study period. There is a need to curb the current drivers of LULC changes within the water tower, especially the expansion of croplands, to stop further ecosystem degradation for optimum delivery of ES.

An Efficiency Improvement Driver for Master Oscillator Power Amplifier Pulsed Laser Systems

The master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) pulsed laser, one of the popular topologies for high-power fiber laser systems, is widely applied in industrial machining laser systems. In MOPA, the low-power pulsed laser, stimulated from a seed laser diode, is amplified by the high- power optical energy from pump laser diodes via the gain fiber. Generally, the high-power pump laser diodes are driven by lossy linear current drivers. The switched mode current drivers boost the driver efficiency but suffer from pulse energy consistency due to the current switching ripple. In this paper, a laser driver system that varies the switching frequency of current source to synchronize with pulsed laser repetition rate is analyzed and implemented. Experimental results are demonstrated using a 20 W pulsed fiber laser system.

An Audit on Driving Advice After Hospitalization in a Mental Health Unit

AimsTo ensure driving status is confirmed on admission (Target 100%) and to confirm driving advice is given to all patients deemed unfit to drive (Target 100%) and to ensure adequate documentation is made in online clinical notes with regards to discussions about drivingMethodsThe first cycle of data involved collecting retrospective data from two acute adult psychiatric units and one old age mental health ward. The first cycle of data consisted of inpatients admitted over a two month period in 2020 (36). Data were collected from OpenRio progress notes, OpenRio ward round notes and patient discharge summaries. Following the implementation of interventions the second cycle of data were collected over a 2 month period in 2021. 51 patients met the inclusion criteria for this.ResultsFollowing our interventions, 47% (24) of patients had their driving status confirmed on/during admission compared to 42% (15) in the first cycle. 15 current drivers were identified in the second cycle.Of the confirmed drivers, there was a 6% improvement of patients informed they were unfit to drive. A 22% increase in patients given DVLA driving advice was also noted. DVLA notifications increased by 18% following the interventions.ConclusionThis quality improvement project has shown that educational awareness through teaching sessions and written guidance can improve adherence to national legal guidance. However, further work is required to ensure all psychiatric patients receive adequate information regarding their fitness to drive.

Staying cool and eating junk: Influence of heat dissipation and anthropogenic food on foraging and body condition in an urban passerine

Climate change and urbanization are two of the most important current global change drivers. However, most studies have focused on these issues in isolation, limiting our ability to predict the impacts of the two in tandem. During hot conditions, many birds reduce foraging activity to minimise heat gain, which can result in costly trade-offs, affecting their ability to maintain body mass. In urban environments however, higher anthropogenic food or water availability could buffer individuals from these potential costs. In this study, we explore the impacts of air temperature on the foraging behaviour and body mass of an urban passerine, the Red-winged Starling, Onychognathus morio in Cape Town, South Africa. In our study system (a university campus), anthropogenic food abundance fluctuates over short timescales, with food being more abundant on weekdays and less abundant on weekends. This system allows us to explore how birds respond to elevated temperatures during days of varying availability of anthropogenic food. We found that individuals increased heat dissipation behaviours with temperature, leading to an apparent trade-off between foraging and heat dissipation. However, despite reduced foraging time, starlings were able to maintain constant food intake rate and body mass with rising temperatures irrespective of the short-term food fluctuations. This suggests that overall food and water abundance in this urban environment buffered individuals from the effects of elevated air temperature, at least within the current range experienced in this system and outside of the breeding season.

Understanding Current and Future Transport Needs of Older Australian Drivers to Guide Development of Sustainable and Smart Initiatives to Support Safe Mobility of Older Adults

Access to adequate and appropriate transport options enables older people to continue as thriving community participants, to reach services and to maintain social connections. While transport needs are diverse, and tend to change over time, there is little information on current and future transport patterns, and the awareness, acceptance and adoption of new technologies. A national online survey was administered to current drivers in Australia. A sample of 705 drivers provided information on available travel modes and use of these modes, awareness of in-vehicle technologies and future use of vehicle technologies. The findings revealed high use of private vehicles, walking and taxis but little use of other travel modes (bicycles, motorcycles, rideshare, community services and public transport). Age, gender and residential location influenced the availability and use/potential use of some transport options. Overall awareness of in-vehicle technologies was generally low and particularly so amongst older and female participants. There was some appetite to use emerging technologies in the future. The findings inform the development of effective strategies and initiatives aligned with healthy ageing and wellbeing targets, increased sustainability, resilience and connectedness, creation of healthier travel choices and healthier environments to promote acceptance and use of a range of transport options and uptake of safer vehicles equipped with in-vehicle technologies to ultimately enhance safe and sustainable mobility of older road users.

Smallholder Coffee in the Global Economy—A Framework to Explore Transformation Alternatives of Traditional Agroforestry for Greater Economic, Ecological, and Livelihood Viability

Sixty percent of global coffee is produced from farms of <5 ha. Studies show that returns from such farms do not generate a living income for producers or workers threatening supplies. Smallholders use agroforestry to reduce coffee production costs, diversify income and address livelihood needs. We undertook a three-phase analysis to test the following hypothesis. Current coffee agroforestry must shift from a low labor, low risk-stable return, slowly-changing matrix to more active management of species and stem turnover in system renovation cycles targeted to sustaining, reorienting and intensifying ecosystem-based benefits to coffee production, diversified income and household food. First, we conducted a document survey of current traditional tree diversity, research trends, and market drivers for more benefits-oriented agroforestry. Second, we proposed a framework for multiple benefits quantification converting tree use characteristics and density into five categories of benefits, each with sub-categories which we tested using previously collected data of stem density by species from coffee agroforestry in northern Nicaragua. Third, we modeled radiation in mixed canopy scenarios using the program SExI- FS based on modifications of species and density to target food and income diversification and tested our framework by quantifying benefits. We found that smallholder coffee faces farms decreasing coffee margins, labor scarcity, new pests and climate variability best addressed with targeted and adaptive shifts in coffee varieties and associated trees. Increasing data demands from certification and regulations provide a basis more data-driven coffee farm management. Our data bases of stem density by species of established agroforestry systems were sufficient to identify gaps in food and income benefits which were addressed in the scenarios thereby verifying the hypothesis. The benefits ranking both of current systems and three scenarios also provided insights into data collection specifications for a more rigorous academic test of the hypothesis and data-driven grower strategies for agroforestry transformation.

Building Probabilistic Causal Models Using Collective Intelligence

The purpose of this article is to show a novel approach to automatically generating probabilistic causal models (Bayesian networks [BNs]) by applying natural language processing (NLP) techniques to a corpus of millions of digitally published news articles in which different authors express views on the future states of economic and financial variables and geopolitical events. The authors will show how to derive BNs that represent the wisdom-of-the-crowds: forward-looking, point-in-time views on various variables of interest and their dependencies. These BNs are likely to be of interest to asset managers and to economists who want to gain a better understanding of the current drivers of an economy based upon a rigorous probabilistic methodology. Additionally, in an asset allocation context, the BNs the authors derive can be fed to an optimization engine to construct a forward-looking optimal portfolio given the constraints of the asset manager (e.g., budget, short constraints). The authors demonstrate various automatically derived BNs in a financial context.

Fijian farmers’ attitude and knowledge towards antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in livestock production systems: a qualitative study

Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue to humans and livestock (1). To mitigate AMR risks, responsible use of antimicrobials in livestock production systems have been advocated (1). Studies have demonstrated the patterns of antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production systems; however, there is limited information on the drivers of AMU. For successful antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), identifying the psychological (knowledge and attitude) and contextual drivers (environmental factors, economic status, and resource accessibility) for intervention is a crucial first step in the agri-food value chain. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) has been used to understand behaviour influenced by a person’s intention, attitude, and knowledge; therefore, evaluating behaviour allows understanding of drivers that affect and shape the farmers’ intention and decisions (2). Aim To explore and understand the attitude and knowledge of Fijian livestock farmers on AMU and AMR. Methods Face to face one-to-one semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted between September and November 2019 with Fijian livestock farmers and managers located in the Central and Western divisions of Viti Levu, Fiji. A sample of at least 20 participants from the cattle and poultry production systems was targeted and recruited using purposive and snowball sampling methods. TPB informed the development of the semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were audio-recorded and analysed inductively using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis and deductively using the TPB framework (results reported elsewhere). An interpretative approach underpinned the design and conduct of this study. Results Nineteen livestock farmers and managers took part in interviews. Our analysis generated four themes: 1) Uninformed use of antimicrobials and unaware of AMR, 2) Safeguarding livestock and generating income source as primary motivators for using medicine, 3) Medicine shortage resulting in hoarding and self-prescribing, and 4) Foreign farmers and veterinarians trusted over Fijian veterinarian and para-veterinarian knowledge. Livestock farmers did not differentiate amongst different types of medicine, including antimicrobials. Therefore, antimicrobials were unwittingly used and without an awareness of the risks of AMR. Medicines, including antimicrobials, were used to protect livestock and promote production for food and financial security. Farmers hoarded medicines and self-prescribed them on the farms. Farmers lacked confidence in the advice on livestock management, and medicine use, provided by Fijian veterinarians and para-veterinarians. They sought help online and from foreign farmers and veterinarians. No participant sought advice from pharmacists who are experts in medicine. Conclusion This study uncovered the first documented accounts of Fijian livestock farmers’ attitude and knowledge on AMU and AMR. AMS programmes promoting awareness and rational use of antimicrobials and resistance in Fijian livestock production is recommended. These programmes need to consider the social, economic, and environmental factors driving irrational medicine use by farmers. We acknowledge the views shared by participants may not be representative of all farmers in Fiji; however, we believe all participants provided in-depth insight into the current drivers of AMU. Future studies exploring the attitude and knowledge of Fijian veterinarians, para-veterinarians and pharmacists on AMU and AMR in livestock production can inform the design of AMS programmes that currently do not exist. References (1) WHO. Antimicrobial Resistance Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2021 [cited 2021 1 September]. Available from: http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance. (2) Ajzen I. The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes. 1991;50(2):179-211.

Current source gate drivers for 3-phase VSI operated in small-scale wind turbine systems

The paper is dedicated to the improvement of efficiency of small-scale wind turbines’ (SSWT) power electronic converters. An efficiency of the 3-phase voltage source inverter that operates with low output voltage (<60 V) and high grid-side input voltage (380 V) is investigated. Such a solution allows skipping the intermediate DC/DC boost converter and thus reducing conversion losses and complexity of a system. The inverter has to oaperate with low duty cycles, which, in turn, demands increasing of switching speed and thus requires application of advanced transistors. To evaluate the switching performance, studies were carried out with various types of switches, namely Si IGBT, Si MOSFET, Cascode SiC JFET, SiC MOSFET using classic gate drivers and proposed current source drivers. Detailed switching waveforms were obtained using the double pulse method and analyzed for each type of the switch. The switching speed was assessed and losses were evaluated. Two types of transistors were selected for testing in the VSI paired with an EMRAX 228 generator. Inverter efficiency data was obtained and analyzed for two types of transistors/drivers and the speed-torque curve applicable for a 3 kW turbine. It is shown that the suggested solution improves the efficiency of SSWTs’ inverters.

Realizing the Potential of Neglected and Underutilized Bananas in Improving Diets for Nutrition and Health Outcomes in the Pacific Islands

Pacific Island countries are undergoing rapid food system transformation. This has led to a deterioration in diet quality with decreased consumption of traditional, fresh foods, and increasing consumption of imported, ultra-processed foods. Consequently, the triple burden of malnutrition is a now a major issue in the region. It is estimated that Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is widespread, particularly in Kiribati, Vanuatu, and Solomon Islands. Rates of overweight, obesity, and diet-related non-communicable disease (DR-NCD) are high. Increasing consumption of local, traditional fruits and vegetables, particularly those that have high nutritional value like Pacific Island bananas, could play an important role in improving diets and health outcomes of Pacific Islander populations. Many of the banana cultivars found in the Pacific Islands region are high in carotenoids, an important precursor to Vitamin A. Fe'i bananas, such as Utin Iap, have been shown to contain much higher amounts of carotenoids than that of the commonly consumed Cavendish banana. As a traditional, starchy staple food, bananas are a good source of carbohydrate, including resistant starch, with small amounts of protein and little fat. These characteristics also lend themselves to being part of a healthy diet. The promotion of neglected and underutilized banana cultivars in the Pacific region provides a food-based and low-cost solution that simultaneously supports healthy diets and good nutrition, local farming systems and livelihood opportunities. However, to realize this potential, more work is required to understand the availability of nutrient rich banana in the region, current consumption patterns and drivers of consumption.

Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to +2 °C (SWAIS 2C)

Abstract. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) presently holds enough ice to raise global sea level by 4.3 m if completely melted. The unknown response of the WAIS to future warming remains a significant challenge for numerical models in quantifying predictions of future sea level rise. Sea level rise is one of the clearest planet-wide signals of human-induced climate change. The Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a Warming of 2 ∘C (SWAIS 2C) Project aims to understand past and current drivers and thresholds of WAIS dynamics to improve projections of the rate and size of ice sheet changes under a range of elevated greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere as well as the associated average global temperature scenarios to and beyond the +2 ∘C target of the Paris Climate Agreement. Despite efforts through previous land and ship-based drilling on and along the Antarctic margin, unequivocal evidence of major WAIS retreat or collapse and its causes has remained elusive. To evaluate and plan for the interdisciplinary scientific opportunities and engineering challenges that an International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) project along the Siple coast near the grounding zone of the WAIS could offer (Fig. 1), researchers, engineers, and logistics providers representing 10 countries held a virtual workshop in October 2020. This international partnership comprised of geologists, glaciologists, oceanographers, geophysicists, microbiologists, climate and ice sheet modelers, and engineers outlined specific research objectives and logistical challenges associated with the recovery of Neogene and Quaternary geological records from the West Antarctic interior adjacent to the Kamb Ice Stream and at Crary Ice Rise. New geophysical surveys at these locations have identified drilling targets in which new drilling technologies will allow for the recovery of up to 200 m of sediments beneath the ice sheet. Sub-ice-shelf records have so far proven difficult to obtain but are critical to better constrain marine ice sheet sensitivity to past and future increases in global mean surface temperature up to 2 ∘C above pre-industrial levels. Thus, the scientific and technological advances developed through this program will enable us to test whether WAIS collapsed during past intervals of warmth and determine its sensitivity to a +2 ∘C global warming threshold (UNFCCC, 2015).

Contemporary environment and historical legacy explain functional diversity of freshwater fishes in the world rivers

AbstractAimRegional taxonomic diversity (species richness) is strongly influenced by a joint effect of the current processes (habitat and energy availability) and historical legacies (past climate and geography), but it is still unclear how those historical and current environmental drivers have shaped the functional diversity of species assemblages.Major taxa studiedFreshwater fish.LocationGlobal.Time period1960s–2000s.MethodsWe combined the spatial occurrences over 2,400 river basins world‐wide and the functional traits measured on 10,682 freshwater fish species to quantify the relative role of the habitat, climate and historical processes on the current global fish functional diversity. To avoid any correlation between taxonomic diversity and functional diversity, we controlled for differences in the number of species (species richness) between rivers. Functional diversity was considered through three complementary facets: functional richness, functional dispersion and functional identity.ResultsThe habitat‐related variables explained most of the gradient in functional richness, verifying the habitat size–diversity hypothesis. In contrast, the historical climate–geography legacies markedly imprinted the functional dispersion and functional identity patterns, leading to a balanced influence of the current and historical processes. Indeed, the distribution of morphological traits related to fish dispersal was explained largely by the glaciation events during the Quaternary, leading to strong latitudinal gradients.Main conclusionsThis study provides new insights into the role of historical and current environmental determinants on the functional structure of fish assemblages and strengthens the proposal that the independence of facets of functional diversity from the species richness makes them essential biodiversity variables to understand the structure of communities and their responses to global changes.

Prevalence and factors associated with failed induction of labor in Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

BackgroundInduction of labor is one of the most used obstetric procedures in the world. It is performed in around 20% of all pregnancies. Failed induction of labor, on the other hand, has been associated with poorer mother and newborn health outcomes. Besides, there is a scarcity of data on the current burden and drivers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with failed induction in Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on medical records of mothers who delivered through induction of labor during September 1st, 2018 to August 30th, 2020. The samples were collected using a systematic sampling technique. The data was extracted using a checklist. Data were entered into EpiData (version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS (version 24). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to decide the association of explanatory variables with the outcome variable. Odds ratio with their 95% CI were calculated to identify the presence and strength of an association. A p-value of < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.ResultsIn this study, the prevalence of failed induction was observed to be 22.2%. The associated factors included rural residence (AOR = 5.7, 95% CI: 3.12–11.02), primiparity (AOR = 8.4, 95% CI: 2.72–22.36) and unfavourable bishop score (AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: 4.52–16.12).ConclusionsIn comparison to the rate reported in developed countries, the study area had a high rate of failed induction. Being rural residence, primiparity and unfavourable bishop score were the associated factors of failed induction. Therefore, to reduce of the rate of failed induction, health care practitioners should analyze cervical status (using Bishop Score) to decide the possibility of successful induction, with a focus on associated factors like parity.

Exploring Values and Beliefs in a Complex Coastal Social-Ecological System: A Case of Small-Scale Fishery and Dried Fish Production in Sagar Island, Indian Sundarbans

The survivability of the small-scale fishery and dried fish production in Indian Sundarbans, despite increasing threats posed by climate, environmental, economic, and policy drivers, suggests that they possess certain unique strengths and capabilities. One thread of these strengths is connected to the fact that Sundarbans’ fishery system is strongly anchored in the values and beliefs of the local fishing communities. There is, however, limited empirical information available on the prevailing individual and collective attitudes, expectations, traditions, customs, and, above all, values and beliefs that strongly influence local fishing communities of Sundarbans. This manuscript aims to address this gap by drawing on qualitative data to (1) map the nature of values and beliefs associated with the Sundarbans’ Sagar Island fishing communities who are engaged in small-scale fishery and dried fish production; and (2) highlight the contributions of values and beliefs to the small-scale fishery and dried fish production systems of Sagar Island. Our study reveals that historical factors such as the patriarchal and patrilineal system prevalent in the Indian Sundarbans as well as the current drivers, including environmental and social-economic changes, create inconsistent values and beliefs among male and female members of its society. Issues around values and beliefs are heavily influenced by social-ecological realities comprising material, relational and subjective dimensions. They can range from being strictly personal to largely community-oriented as they are shaped by realities of gender, class, power dynamics, and politics. Values and beliefs are fundamental to human perception and cognition but often get neglected in mainstream literature covering human dimensions of resource management. Our research adds weight to the theoretical and place-based understanding of the contributions of values and beliefs to the small-scale fishery and dried fish production systems. We learn from the case study that values and beliefs can act as mirrors, reflecting the current as well as future realities of small-scale fisheries and dried fish production systems and provide important directions for sustainability and viability of the entire social-ecological system that hosts this sector.

Understanding Driving Avoidance Among Older African Americans And Whites With Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases with half of the new diagnoses affecting adults aged 60 years and older. Although African Americans are more likely to develop the disease, they are also less likely to receive healthcare. Importantly, living with diabetes is likely to negatively impact mobility for aging adults as the disease is associated with lower physical functioning (e.g., ability to maintain one’s balance). Further, diabetes could pose a significant threat to a person with diabetes’ ability to drive and remain in the community. This study examines the relationships and influences of social determinants of health (e.g., race, gender, socioeconomic status) and cognition on avoiding driving maneuvers such as driving at night and in rush hour traffic among older adults with diabetes. Data from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Diabetes and Aging Study of Health (DASH) were analyzed and of the 224 participants, 193 (86.16%) were current drivers. There was a gender difference with 94.12% of males and 79.51% of females being current drivers, p < .01. Within the sample of current drivers, 45% were African American and being female, not married, lower levels of education and cognition, low income, and being African American were associated with higher scores on driving avoidance. Cognition explained 30.44% of the racial difference in driving avoidance. Findings from this study will help identify individuals who are at-risk for reduced mobility and identify those who may need to be intervened upon to support a better quality of life.

1177. Vaccinate Lurie (VaLu) a QI Project to Improve Pediatric Pre-Transplant Immunization Rates

BackgroundImmunization prior to transplantation is important due to post-transplant immunosuppression. According to a national study, 15% of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients were hospitalized within 5 years post-transplant for a vaccine preventable illness or RSV. At our large academic pediatric hospital approximately 53% of heart and liver transplant recipients in 2016 -2018 were up to date with tetanus and pneumococcal vaccinations. This QI project was designed to improve our pre-transplant vaccination rates to minimize post-transplant infections.MethodsAn interdisciplinary team was convened including pharmacists, nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians from cardiology, hepatology, and infectious diseases. After evaluating our current processes and key drivers, we selected interventions to implement via the PDSA model. Our first intervention was to have team members gain access to our statewide vaccine database (ICARE). Our second cycle was to link ICARE to our electronic medical record system (EPIC) for automatic immunization record integration. Process Map Key Driver Diagram ResultsOur outcome measure was up to date tetanus and pneumococcal vaccines per the CDC recommendations by age at transplant, as documented in the medical record. We saw an improvement in immunization rates to 100% during the third quarter of 2020 with an overall rate of over 80% for late 2019 - mid 2020. With the understanding that our average wait time for a heart and liver transplant was 2.4 and 3.8 months, respectively, the initiation of our QI project and obtaining access to ICARE by our team members was likely related to the improved vaccination rates. Unfortunately, after the team stopped meeting during the pandemic our immunization completion rates have decreased in 2021, despite implementing institutional access to ICARE.Control Chart ConclusionIt is possible to obtain optimal immunization rates for pneumococcal and tetanus vaccines in pediatric heart and liver transplant recipients. Our future interventions include improving vaccinations after catch-up recommendations have been made and sustaining our interventions. Additionally, we look to expand our analysis to include outcomes related to vaccine-preventable diseases after transplantation.Disclosures Jacquie Toia, DNP, RN, APN, QarTek (Board Member) Ravi Jhaveri, MD, AstraZeneca (Consultant)Dynavax (Consultant)Elsevier (Other Financial or Material Support, Editorial Stipend as Co-editor in Chief, Clinical Therapeutics)Seqirus (Consultant)

Mapping of the Emergence of Society 5.0: A Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract Background and purpose: The study aims to answer a research question: With which essential cornerstones technological innovations the transformation from Society 4.0 and Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 is enabled? The study is important for practitioners and researchers to understand the meaning of Society 5.0 and to familiarise themselves with the drivers that will help shape Society 5.0 policies and play an important role in its further development. Therefore, the authors conducted a quantitative bibliometric study that provides insights into the importance of the topic and incorporates current characteristics and future research trends. Methodology: The study used algorithmic co-occurrence of keywords to gain a different insight into the evolution of Society 5.0. Thirty-six selected articles from the Web of Science database were analysed with the bibliometric analysis and overlay visualisation. Results: The co-occurrence analysis shows that terms artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, big data, Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, open innovation, Society 5.0, super-smart society have been widely used in researches in the last three years. Conclusion: The study presents a bibliometric analysis to analyse the current and future development drivers of a Society 5.0. According to the results, the transition from Society 4.0 to Society 5.0 can be achieved by implementing knowledge and technologies in the IoT, robotics, and Big Data to transform society into a smart society (Society 5.0). In particular, the concept would enable the adaptation of services and industrial activities to individuals’ real needs. Furthermore, these technologies allow advanced digital service platforms that will eventually be integrated into all areas of life.