Curing Behavior Research Articles

Superabsorbent Polymers for Internal Curing Concrete: An Additional Review on Characteristics, Effects, and Applications

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are a promising admixture that can provide internal curing to freshly cast concrete and enhance concrete properties. Although many reviews have explored aspects of SAPs, the links among SAPs’ chemical and physical properties, internal curing behaviors, concrete performance, and their large-scale applications are often weakly elucidated. This paper provides an additional review of the chemical structures and physical dimensions of SAPs and their effects on the internal curing kinetic behavior as well as on concrete properties, such as workability, strength, and durability. In addition, different approaches to introducing SAP particles into concrete mixtures are also summarized. Case studies on the use of SAPs in the concrete industry are introduced to provide a better understanding of the greatest potential of SAPs in field applications. The results confirm that the utilization of SAPs in concrete mixtures provides multiple benefits such as improved water curing, reduced shrinkage, and enhanced workability. Selecting the appropriate SAPs is crucial and involves considering factors like absorption rate, durability, and stability. However, achieving uniform distribution of dry SAPs in concrete poses challenges. Further research is required to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of SAPs on transport properties and frost durability. Additionally, the absence of a standard makes it difficult to maintain consistent water-to-cement ratios. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for using SAPs to enhance concrete performance while also highlighting future research directions and challenges. In this article, scientists, engineers, and contractors will find a comprehensive explanation encompassing laboratory investigations, field implementation, and relevant guidance.

Curing monitoring of adhesive layers between metal adherends by ultrasonic resonance technique

Abstract Layer resonance induced by ultrasonic wave incidence is applied to monitor the viscoelastic properties of a curing adhesive layer between metal plates. The theoretical analysis shows that when the adhesive layer is modeled as a linear viscoelastic material, the ultrasonic reflection spectrum takes local minima at the layer resonance frequencies depending on the wave velocity of the adhesive. On the other hand, the local minima of the reflection spectrum can be expressed as a function of the loss factor of the adhesive. Based on these results, a characterization technique for the wave velocity and the loss factor of a curing adhesive layer is proposed. This technique enables the evaluation of the viscoelastic properties even if the reflected waves from both faces of a bond layer cannot be separated. The proposed method is employed to investigate the curing behavior of bi-component epoxy adhesives. As a result, it is shown that the bonding condition affects the variation of the wave velocity and loss factor. The estimated wave velocity increases as the curing proceeds, while the loss factor sometimes takes a local maximum depending on the bonding condition and the frequency range. When the mixing ratio of the main and curing agents is imbalanced, the variation of the wave velocity becomes gradual. Furthermore, the increase in the curing temperature leads to fast changes in the wave velocity and loss factor. The proposed technique has the potential to provide insight into the curing behavior of the adhesive layer by incorporating it into other measurement methods and theories.

Synergistic effects of tertiary amine and imidazole accelerators on epoxy resin curing

AbstarctIn order to improve the curing rate, this study investigated the influence of various accelerators and their combinations on the curing behavior of epoxy resins. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to analyze the curing behavior of various accelerators in diglycidyl ether of the bisphenol A epoxy resin and the methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride curing system, and activation energies were calculated using the Kissinger and Ozawa models. The results indicated a self‐catalytic characteristic in the curing process and showed that the activation energies for tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP‐30) and 1‐cyano‐2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole (2E4MZ‐CN) were significantly lower compared to N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine, demonstrating higher curing reactivity. Furthermore, a novel strategy combining tertiary amine accelerator (DMP‐30) and imidazole accelerator (2E4MZ‐CN) was proposed and the activation energy variations with the degree of cure were analyzed employing the KAS method. When the mass ratio of DMP‐30 to 2E4MZ‐CN was 1:3, the activation energy was 59.08 kJ/mol, approximately 12% lower than using a single accelerator, which indicated the synergistic effects of the accelerators. Finally, the mechanism of synergistic effect of tertiary amine and imidazole accelerators on epoxy resin curing were proposed.

Insights into the curing and thermal behavior of orthophtalic unsaturated polyester resin with organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay

Insights into the curing and thermal behavior of orthophtalic unsaturated polyester resin with organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay

Investigating the synergistic effects of carbon and glass fibers on the mechanical and thermal properties of phenol‐containing phthalonitrile composites

AbstractThe progressive development of lightweight composites exhibiting desirable thermo‐mechanical properties is an area of growing interest, particularly with the phthalonitrile (PN) based composites, which have shown great potential. However, our understanding of the mechanical and thermal properties of the phenol‐containing phthalonitrile (PN75) resin composites often reveals limitations that make them less suitable for specific structural applications. In this work, we focused on enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of the PN75 resin through the incorporation of the 4‐aminophthalonitrile (4‐APN), resulting in improved the curing behaviors and increased thermal stability. Our investigation of the short carbon fiber (SCF) and short glass fiber (SGF) reinforced PN75 resin composites revealed that the hybrid SCF/SGF‐based composites at 15 wt% SCF and 15 wt% SGF content exhibited an excellent tensile and the flexural strength. Additionally, the thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated maximum onset degradation and decomposition temperatures at this ratio compared with the neat resin, also we evaluated the interfacial adhesion properties of the SCF/SGF and the PN75 resin composites. These findings contribute to the advancement of polymer composite materials and expand their potential applications across various industries.

Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched thiol hardener and their curing behavior in thiol–epoxy

Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched thiol hardener and their curing behavior in thiol–epoxy

Convenient synthesis of phthalonitrile‐containing mono‐benzoxazines with exceptional thermal stability and improved curing activity

AbstractSimple synthesis and high performance are eternal pursuit for polymers. To lower the curing temperature, lower the melt viscosity and improve the processability of high performance phthalonitrile resins, a solvent‐free method was applied to synthesize three from different phenols. Their chemical structure was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra, the curing behavior was investigated by DSC and rheology. It was found that the polymerization of phthalonitrile groups could be effectively promoted by benzoxazine moieties and the curing temperature of phthalonitrile groups dropped to around 240°C. Consequently, owing to the high curing reactivity, polymers obtained at relatively low curing temperature possessed high crosslinking density and extremely high thermal stability. P‐apn‐200, which was cured at 200°C, showed 5 wt% weightloss temperature (Td5) of 472°C and char yield (Yc) of 75.77% at 800°C. Moreover, the polymers obtained after curing at 280°C showed superior dimensional stability, CN‐apn‐280 showed extremely low linear expansion coefficient (CTE) of 10.7 ppm/°C. And mP‐apn‐280 showed HR capacity of 3.99 J/g‧K, peak HRR of 4.0 W/K and total HR of 0.8 kJ/g.

Influence of different composite curing agents on the rapid curing characteristics and mechanical performance of epoxy resins

To address the need for rapid in situ plugging and repair of hydraulic machinery and chemical pipelines and to resolve the issue that a single curing agent cannot simultaneously achieve rapid curing and excellent mechanical properties in epoxy resin systems, this study explores the use of composite curing agents. In particular, effective formulations are designed for mixing fast and slow curing agents, studying their effects on the curing behavior, curing quality, and mechanical properties of epoxy resins and elucidating their influence mechanisms. The results indicate that three resin systems meet the requirements for rapid curing (curing time within 30 min): 4A6B/EP, 2A8B/EP, and 0A10B/EP. Among them, 4A6B/EP exhibits the best curing quality and mechanical properties. In particular, 4A6B/EP demonstrates the lowest values of curing shrinkage rate, internal curing stress, average pore size, porosity, and cumulative pore volume. Its low internal stress and low defects reduce the stress concentration, while more efficient deflection and branching of internal cracks enhance its deformation resistance. Consequently, 4A6B/EP shows the highest microhardness, fracture toughness, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation after fracture. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of rapid curing characteristics and mechanical properties, the 4A6B/EP system offers the best overall performance. Therefore, it is recommended as the preferred resin system for rapid plugging and repair of composite materials, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for boosting the application of epoxy resin composite materials in high-tech fields.

A novel approach to simultaneously modulate the processability and thermal performance of phthalonitrile resin through the strategic use of thioether bonds

Phthalonitrile (PN) resin is renowned for its absence of small molecule release during curing, high processing stability, and exceptional thermal stability, positioning it favorably in the realm of high-temperature resin applications. However, its narrow processing window and high melting point present challenges to its development and practical use. To address these limitations, this work synthesized PN prepolymers 4,4′-bis (sulfonylbiphenyl) thiophtalonitrile (BSPS) and 4,4′-bis(carbonylbiphenyl) thiophtalonitrile (BSPC) by introducing thioether bonds as a substitute for ether bonds, aiming to expand the prepolymers' processing window. Meanwhile, building upon the oxidation process of thioether to sulfone observed in pharmaceutical production, the potential for in-situ oxidation of thioether bonds during the curing of phthalonitrile prepolymers was investigated. A comprehensive analysis of the curing behavior, viscosity changes, and thermal stability was conducted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheological analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The DSC and rheological test results reveal that the experimental group prepolymers BSPS and BSPC exhibit lower melting points (BSPS 179 °C; BSPC 180 °C) and broader processing windows (BSPS 52 °C; BSPC 79 °C) than blank. Additionally, the thermal performance of resins show improvement over the blank, with BSPS achieving a decomposition temperature of up to 530 °C (Td5%). XPS analysis of the curing process confirmed that the enhanced thermal stability is attributable to the partial oxidation of thioether bonds into stable sulfone groups. This innovative structural approach allows for satisfactory processing performance in the initial stage, followed by a spontaneous transformation into a more robust and thermo-resistant structure post-shaping. This finding carries significant implications for the development of a balanced phthalonitrile system that harmonizes processing ease with superior thermal endurance.

Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics of urea-formaldehyde resin modified by sodium lignosulfonate

ABSTRACT In this paper, an environmentally friendly urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) was prepared by using sodium lignosulfonate (SL) as a modifier. According to the basic properties of the resin, the strength of the plywood and the formaldehyde emission, the optimum addition amount of SL was determined. At the same time, the thermal curing and thermal degradation behavior of the resin were studied. The results show that the addition of SL can significantly reduce the formaldehyde emission of plywood. When the addition amount of SL was 1%, the wet bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of SL-modified UF (SL-UF) resin were 1.28 MPa and 0.35 mg·L−1, respectively, which were 23% higher and 71% lower than those of UF resin. Moreover, the initial curing temperature of SL-UF resin is lower, but the thermal curing activation energy is higher. SL also has a significant effect on the thermal degradation performance of UF resin. SL is a modifier that can effectively improve the performance of UF.

The effects of 1D multi‐wall carbon nanotubes and 2D graphene nanoplatelets on curing behavior of epoxy/vinyl ester interpenetrating polymer network nanocomposites

AbstractThis study meticulously investigated the effect of two carbon allotrope nanofillers, two‐dimensional graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) and one‐dimensional multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) individually, at various loadings on the kinetics of curing of the epoxy (EP)/vinyl ester (VE) based interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) system, with a mass ratio of 1:1. The IPN system is including a liquid epoxy resin based on bisphenol A which has been cured by methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) in the presence of 1‐methyl imidazole (Mi) as an accelerator and a vinyl ester resin based on bisphenol A which has been cured by methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP). The curing behavior of all prepared nanocomposites under non‐isothermal conditions was studied using DSC at four heating rates. Two different isoconversional approaches were applied to evaluate the reaction kinetics, that is, the Friedman and the advanced Vyazovkin methods. The obtained activation energy curves for all samples revealed a complex curing behavior involving three stages: early IPN stage, IPN growth stage, and late IPN stage. Then, the activation energy values for each reaction step were determined based on the Friedman method. The presence of GnPs showed no catalytic effect on the reaction of VE with MEKP. In contrast, incorporating MWCNT nanoparticles considerably decreases the activation energy values of the reaction of ring opening of epoxides with MTHPA‐Mi and the reaction of esterification of the hydroxyl groups of VE with MTHPA.Highlights MWCNTs reduce activation energy in curing reactions for EP/MTHPA‐Mi and VE/MTHPA. GnPs do not catalyze VE/MEKP reaction unlike MWCNTs. Combining MWCNTs and GnPs enhances properties of IPN nanocomposites. Curing process includes early, growth, and late IPN stages impacting activation energy. SEM analysis reveals better dispersion of GnPs in IPN nanocomposites with MWCNTs.

Comprehensive Characterization of Drying Oil Oxidation and Polymerization Using Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy.

Drying oils like linseed oil are composed of multifunctional triglyceride molecules that can cure through three-dimensional free-radical polymerization into complex polymer networks. In the context of oil paint conservation, it is important to understand how factors like paint composition and curing conditions affect the chemistry and network structure of the oil polymer network and subsequently the links between the structure and long-term paint stability. Here, we employed time-resolved ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and comprehensive data analysis to study the curing behavior of five types of drying oil and the effects of curing temperature as well as the presence of a curing catalyst (PbO). Extracted concentration curves of key reactive functional groups point to a phase transition similar to a gel point that is especially pronounced in the presence of PbO, after which curing reactivity slows down dramatically. Analysis of kinetic parameters suggests that PbO induces a network structure with a more heterogeneous cross-link density, and the ATR-FTIR spectra indicate lower levels of oxidation in those cases. Finally, lower temperatures appear to favor the formation of carboxylic acid groups in oil mixtures with PbO.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin upon Addition of Low-Viscosity Modifier.

Thermoset-based polymer composites containing functional fillers are promising materials for a variety of applications, such as in the aerospace and medical fields. However, the resin viscosity is often unsuitably high and thus impedes a successful filler dispersion in the matrix. This challenge can be overcome by incorporating suitable low-viscosity modifiers into the prepolymer. While modifiers can aptly influence the prepolymer rheology, they can also affect the prepolymer curing behavior and the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting matrix material. Therefore, this study investigates the effects that a commercial-grade low-viscosity additive (butyl glycidyl ether) has on a common epoxy polymer system (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy with a methylene dianiline curative). The weight percentage of the modifier inside the epoxy was varied from 0 to 20%. The rheological properties and cure kinetics of the resulting materials were investigated. The prepolymer viscosity decreased by 97% with 20 wt% modifier content at room temperature. Upon curing, 20 wt% modifier addition reduced the exothermic peak temperature by 12% and prolonged the time to reach the peak by 60%. For cured material samples, physical and thermo-mechanical properties were characterized. A moderate reduction in glass transition temperature and an increase in elastic modulus was observed with 20 wt% modifier content (in the order of 10%). Based on these findings, the selected material system is seen as an expedient base for material design due to the ease of processing and material availability. The present study thus provides guidance to researchers developing polymer composites requiring reduced prepolymer viscosity for successful functional filler addition.

The effect of polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate on the mechanical properties of butyl rubber (IIR)-based thermoplastic elastomer using semi-efficient vulcanisation system and a nano zinc oxide as activator

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), a class of materials bridging the gap between rubber and thermoplastics, have revolutionised diverse fields with their unique properties and applications. This study highlights the critical importance of compatibility between plastics, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and butyl rubber (isobutylene-isoprene rubber, IIR) components in TPEs for optimal performance. Several TPEs were prepared with different amounts of plastics. Subsequently, the TPEs were cured, and curing and mechanical properties, and correspondent thermal stability and solvent resistance were measured. It revealed that the thermal stability of TPEs, containing PVC, PET and IIR, was influenced by the type and quantity of each plastic, affecting degradation temperatures. PVC and PET exhibited distinct effects on the curing behaviour of IIR-based TPEs, impacting scorch time and optimum cure time differently. The incorporation of PVC and PET enhanced the organic solvent resistance of the TPEs, attributed to physical barrier effects, enhanced crosslinking, increased crystallinity, and specific interfacial interactions. Tensile strength and elongation at break generally decreased with the addition of plastics, reflecting incompatible interactions and increased crystallinity. Meanwhile, hardness increased due to the rigid structure and filler effects of plastics. Achieving an optimal TPE formulation involves balancing these competing effects.

Comparative Analysis of Cure Behaviors, Mechanical Properties, and Swelling Resistance in EPDM/SBR Composites with HNTs, APTES-Modified HNTs, and RH-Modified HNTs

Comparative Analysis of Cure Behaviors, Mechanical Properties, and Swelling Resistance in EPDM/SBR Composites with HNTs, APTES-Modified HNTs, and RH-Modified HNTs

Poly(2-alkyl/aryl-2-oxazoline)-Imidazole Complexes as Thermal Latent Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins.

One-component epoxy resins (OCERs) with improved stability (shelf life) and controlled curing temperatures were prepared using epoxy resins and polyoxazoline-imidazole (POZ-Im) based thermal latent curing agents (TLCs). POZ homopolymers with molar masses of 1000, 2000, and 5000 g/mol were obtained via cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2-pentyl-2-oxazoline, and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline. TLCs were prepared by physically entrapping imidazole, the curing agent, in the POZ matrix at the homopolymer/Im (HP/Im) ratios of 1:1 and 5:1 and characterized by FTIR and TGA. TLCs were then mixed with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) to obtain OCERs with Im concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt %. Dynamic DSC tests were performed to determine the effect of the pendant group and molar mass of POZ, the POZ/Im ratio, and Im concentration on the curing behavior of the OCERs, whereas isothermal DSC tests were carried out to examine their thermal stability and optimal curing temperatures. Optical microscopy was performed to study the compatibility of the TLCs with DGEBA. This study showed that the dispersion quality of TLCs is highly associated with the compatibility of POZs and DGEBA, which affected the release of Im, thus left limit temperatures of curing. In addition, higher left limit temperatures were obtained when the POZ/Im ratio increased. Isothermal DSC results conformed to the improved stability and better thermal latency of the samples with a POZ/Im ratio of 5:1. Moreover, the higher left limit temperatures were obtained with the lowest molar mass of POZ due to the better interaction between the -OH end group of POZ and Im. The shelf life of PEOZ 1K-Im 5:1 1% OCER was predicted at -20, 0, and 20 °C, with an estimated 15.3 days at 20 °C using isothermal DSC and rheology at 50, 60, and 70 °C. Overall, this research contributes to the development of OCERs by introducing POZ-Im complexes as novel TLCs. The findings shed light on the importance of compatibility in achieving optimal dispersion and release of Im and the role of the POZ/Im ratio and POZ molar mass in controlling left limit temperatures, ultimately influencing the curing behavior of OCERs.

Synthesis of a novel bio-based curing agent and the curing behavior of the corresponding epoxy asphalt system

Traditional epoxy asphalt is made from petroleum resources. However, petroleum-based materials may cause environmental pollution and are not renewable. In this study, a bio-based curing agent MYM was synthesized from Maleic anhydride and Myrcene. The cured epoxy EP/MYM with the weight ratio of 1:1 were prepared. When preparing the modified asphalt, carboxyl-terminated liquid nitrile butadiene rubber (CTBN) was incorporated into the EP/MYM system to obtain the EP/MYM/CTBN modified asphalt system (referred to EMC epoxy asphalt). Firstly, the chemical structure of MYM was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Secondly, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the cured EP/MYM were investigated by tensile test and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Thirdly, the novel EMC epoxy asphalt was prepared and its composition was optimized. The curing behavior of the EMC epoxy asphalt was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). And the time-temperature-transition diagrams (TTT diagrams) were plotted to determine the optimal curing process. Then the surface micro-morphology of EMC epoxy asphalt was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, the high-temperature viscoelastic properties of EMC epoxy asphalt were investigated using dynamic shear rheology (DSR) tests. The results showed that EP/MYM has better mechanical strength and more excellent flexibility than those of EP/MTHPA and EP/MHHPA. The weight ratio of EP:MYM:CTBN was 10:8:1.5, and the optimal amount of diluent was 8 % of the total weight of the modifier. The semi-empirical kinetic modes of curing reaction were used to plot the TTT diagram of EMC epoxy asphalt, thus determining its curing technique as 120℃/2 h+160℃/3 h. The cured EMC epoxy asphalt showed uniform alternation of light and dark areas in the AFM images, indicating good compatibility and stability. The high-temperature deformation resistance of EMC epoxy asphalt was significantly improved compared to the base asphalt. The novel epoxy asphalt system prepared in this research provides a new route for the development of echo-friendly epoxy asphalt.

A dual cross-linking strategy enables fully bio-based epoxy thermosets with superior low dielectric properties and mechanical properties

Bio-based epoxy resins with superior low dielectric properties and mechanical properties is of great significance for sustainable development and environmental protection. Herein, a bio-based active ester curing agent with large free volume was synthesized through a substitution reaction between magnolol and cinnamoyl chloride following by curing epoxidized linseed oil for fully bio-based epoxy thermosets. The curing kinetics of the curing behavior and the curing condition was systematic studied and optimized. The relationship between chemical structure and properties (thermo-mechanical, mechanical, dielectric, and etc.) of the resulting fully bio-based epoxy thermosets was discussed in-depth. The results showed that free radical polymerization and epoxy ring-opening reactions simultaneously occurred in the curing reaction led to a dual cross-linked structure of the resulting fully bio-based epoxy thermosets. The unique structures and the introduction of the rigid benzene groups rendered the tensile strength and the thermal stability of the resulting fully bio-based epoxy thermosets high up to 33.63 MPa and 332.40 °C, respectively. The absence of the secondary hydroxyl groups and the presence of the low polar fatty acid chains in the backbone of the epoxy resins resulted in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss low to 3.19 and 0.012, which was much lower than those of the polymer previously reported. This study provides a simple and facile strategy for the design of environmentally friendly fully bio-based epoxy resins for microelectronics and electronic packaging application.

Investigating Cross-Linking Parameters and Molecular Arrangement in Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Monomer with Aromatic Diamine: DSC-TOPEM® and WAXS Analysis.

This study presents the characterization of cross-linking parameters of a liquid crystalline epoxy monomer with an aromatic diamine as a curing agent. The mixture tested consisted of bis [4-(10,11-epoxyundecanoyloxy)benzoate] p-phenylene (LCEM) and 1,3-phenylenediamine (1,3-PDA). This paper focuses on the structural characterization of such systems using X-ray analysis. To investigate this, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS). Through DSC analysis, the curing behavior and transition temperature of the liquid crystal epoxy system were established. To fully characterize the cross-linking of the system, a novel technique called DSC-TOPEM® was employed. The use of this technique enabled real-time monitoring of the curing process and provided precise information on the cross-linking energy, which resulted in the finding that the mixture was cross-linking faster than expected. WAXS analysis was performed to assess the structural changes formed during the cross-linking. The results of this analysis confirm that lower cross-linking temperatures of the mixture cause better ordering of mesogens than higher ones.

Characteristics of phosphorus‑nitrogen based flame-retardant monomers for UV-curable coatings on battery PET pouches

In this study, photocurable monomers containing phosphorus–nitrogen groups were employed alongside UV curing technology to develop flame-retardant (FR) coatings pouch-type battery cells made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Three different monomers were synthesized: a phosphorus-containing urethane acrylate monomer (DUPPO), a phosphorus–nitrogen-containing urethane acrylate monomer (DA-Pi-U), and a phosphazene-containing phenyl methacrylate crosslinker (CP-PMA). These monomers, recognized for their flame-retardant properties, were utilized in binary and ternary coating formulations that were effectively cured via a UV-curing process. The molecular architectures of the synthesized monomers were verified through 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The rheological curing behavior of the coating solutions was assessed using an oscillatory rheometer. In addition, the reactivity of the FR coating system was examined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal and flame-retardant characteristics of the FR coatings were confirmed through thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, limiting oxygen index measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. The ternary FR coating system with CP-PMA exhibited superior thermal stability, flame retardancy, crosslinking density, and mechanical robustness, making it suitable for PET pouches. Furthermore, optimal coating conditions for the slot coating process were determined using a viscocapillary model, enhancing practical applicability in industrial settings.