Prediction of tumor control probability in prostate cancer radiotherapy using a biophysical model incorporating cancer stem cell and hypoxia.

DOTA-ibandronic acid (DOTA-IBA) is a recently developed prodrug targeting bone metastases. Labeling with 68 Ga/ 177 Lu ( 68 Ga/ 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA) induces good curative effects and safety in these patients. However, there has been no evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA in cases of multiple bone metastases. Here, the hematological toxicity and efficacy of 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA in cases of multiple bone metastases were investigated. Twenty-eight cases of multiple bone metastases were enrolled in the analysis. Following 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA treatment, blood biomarkers were monitored to evaluate the safety of treatment. Karnofsky Performance Status assessments (KPS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores, and 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT follow-up were utilized for evaluation of the curative effect. The 28 enrolled patients with multiple bone metastases had a median treatment cycle of 3. The baseline hematological parameters of 25 patients (89%) were abnormal. Post-treatment follow-up showed that blood counts remained essentially unchanged from baseline, with only one patient (4%) developed new grade 3 anemia. A 79% (22/28) rate of bone pain remission was observed and follow-up 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT images showed that 15 cases (54%, 15/28) had partial remission. No serious adverse events were observed in patients with multiple bone metastases who received 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA. The therapeutic agent demonstrated promising efficacy, particularly for pain control and improved quality of life, suggesting that 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA is a safe, effective therapeutic option for this population.

Nuangong Tiaojing Formula ameliorates luteal phase defect by restoring ovarian-uterine axis function via regulating inflammatory-apoptotic cascade.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce apoptosis by disrupting cellular function and membrane integrity, establishing ROS-induced mechanism treatment appears to be a powerful tactic for the development of novel fungicides. However, the limited diversity of molecular scaffolds highlights an urgent need for more potent ROS-inducing agents. Using natural product modification and active substructure splicing strategies, we designed and synthesized 40 novel usnic acid derivatives-with usnic acid as the core structure, amino acids as flexible linkers, and acylhydrazides as substituents-and evaluated their antifungal activity. Among these, compound A24, which incorporated a 3,4-difluorophenyl moiety, exhibited significant antifungal activity, with EC50 values of 2.298 μg mL-1 against Thanatephorus cucumeris (T. cucumeris) and 3.349 μg mL-1 against Alternaria solani (A. solani). The pot experiments showed that A24, at a concentration of 200 μg mL-1, conferred both notable protective and curative effects against rice sheath blight (caused by T. cucumeris), achieving a curative activity of 77.83% and outperforming the commercial fungicide thifluzamide (73.17%). Interestingly, mechanistic studies demonstrated that A24 could suppress the pathogen's peroxidase and catalase activities, thereby perturbing cellular redox homeostasis, eliciting reactive oxygen species accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, and ultimately inducing mycelial malformation and death. These findings position A24 as a highly promising antifungal candidate via inducing fungal ROS accumulation, combining potent efficacy with a favorable safety profile. This study not only advances the development of natural product-derived fungicides but also provides a novel structural scaffold for ROS-inducing antifungal agents. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one of the most destructive plant pathogens. The modification of nucleosides is an effective method to develop anti-TMV agents. A series of novel cytidine derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their antiviral activities against TMV were evaluated systematically. Activity assays revealed that 5z exhibited excellent protective and curative effects, with a half-effective concentration (EC50) of 191.84 μg mL-1, outperforming the control commercial agents ningnanmycin (240.79 μg mL-1) and ribavirin (622.22 μg mL-1). The mode of action (MoA) of 5z was thoroughly investigated through a multifaceted approach involving TMV-GFP agrobacterium infiltration inoculation, chlorophyll content measurement, defense enzyme activity analysis and molecular docking. Mechanistic studies revealed that 5z exerts its multi-target antiviral effects by specifically binding to the TMV coat protein (TMV-CP), while simultaneously triggering the plant's defense enzyme system and boosting photosynthetic efficiency. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) were established for the cytidine derivatives, providing guidance for the design of cytidine-based antiviral agents. Given its potent antiviral activity and unique mechanism of action, 5z shows strong promise as a novel antiviral agent. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Modulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and myeloperoxidase contributes to the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Paullinia pinnata Linn (Sapindaceae) extracts in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mono-arthritis in rats.

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a highly stable and contagious pathogen, severely threatens global agriculture, especially solanaceous crops, causing major yield losses. Developing highly effective and environmentally compatible novel pesticides is therefore urgently needed. To this end, we designed a series of novel derivatives by modifying the scaffold of chlorantraniliprole with antiviral acylhydrazone moieties, aiming to redirect bioactivity toward antiviral defense. Anti-TMV activity assays demonstrated that compound Y29 exhibited superior efficacy. Its curative activity (median effective concentration (EC50) = 174.1 μg mL-1) was significantly higher than that of ningnanmycin (EC50 = 191.9 μg mL-1), while its protective activity (EC50 = 142.8 μg mL-1) also outperformed ningnanmycin (EC50 = 178.1 μg mL-1). Mechanistic studies revealed that compound Y29 enhances systemic resistance by increasing defense-related enzyme activities and elevating chlorophyll content. Transcriptomic and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses confirmed that compound Y29 up-regulates the expression of defense-related genes, thereby enhancing plant immunity. This study designed and synthesized novel pyrrole acylhydrazone derivatives, which demonstrated significant protective and curative effects against TMV. Mechanistic investigation confirmed their potential as novel antiviral agents that activate plant defense responses. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Deciphering the core antiviral mechanism of Yinqiao powder: Inhibition of dengue virus adsorption mediated by wogonin via host receptor HSP90AA1 blockade.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of okra eyelid patch versus sodium hyaluronate combined with ofloxacin eye drop in the treatment of patients suffering from meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). 40 patients included were randomly divided into 2 groups: okra eyelid patch group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). Before treatment, on the 14th and 28th day of treatment, the following ophthalmic examinations were performed: symptoms and signs score, Schirmer I test (SIT), tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), optical quality analysis system (OQAS II) and ocular surface interferometer examination. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire score and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) were performed before treatment and on the 28th day of treatment. Adverse effects were reported during the treatment period. Results were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 software. p < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. On day 28, okra eyelid patch group had a better curative effect in symptoms score, signs score, total score, OSDI questionnaire score, TBUT, and CFS score, lipid layer thickness and MASD compared with control group (p < 0.05). During the 28-day treatment, one patient in okra eyelid patch group reported eyelid redness, while the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Okra eyelid patch has a more significant effect on MGD, especially in improving symptoms and signs, increasing lipid layer thickness, improving tear film stability, maintaining corneal epithelial integrity, and improving the quality of meibomian gland acini compared with artificial tears combining ofloxacin eye drops. It has few side effects, and provides a new therapeutic option for MGD associated with dry eye.

The dorsocervical fat pad, commonly known as a "buffalo hump" or "wealthy hump," presents aesthetic challenges. Although various surgical techniques have been used to treat the dorsocervical fat pad, there remains a need for more effective and efficient treatment strategies. Furthermore, a comprehensive imaging analysis method for the dorsocervical fat padis still lacking. We investigated the efficacy of hydrosurgery system in treating the dorsocervical fat pads, aiming to inform the development of future clinical approaches and enhance patient outcomes. This study utilized computed tomography (CT) scans to identify the dorsocervical fat pad prior to surgery and analyze cases based on the CT values. All patients underwent CT analysis and hydrosurgery system guided by the CT analysis. Patients' satisfaction was measured by a 5-point Likert scale. A comprehensive imaging analysis system for the dorsocervical fat pad, utilizing CT scans, has been established. Six months follow up, the hydrosurgery scalpel treatment of the dorsocervical fat pad showed a good curative effect; 38.7% of the patients agreed that their aesthetic appearance had improved after surgery, while 61.3% strongly agreed with this sentiment. Absence of infection, hematoma, or revision was documented. The average operating duration for hydrosurgery of dorsocervical fat pad was 104.7 ± 28.51 min. The average intraoperative blood loss was 76.61 ± 28.05 ml. The comprehensive analysis system of CT imaging of the dorsocervical fat pad was initially established. This study demonstrated the efficacy of hydrosurgery system in the treatment of the dorsocervical fat pad. CT analysis-assisted hydrosurgery is an innovative, promising, andpotentially effective method for the treatment of the dorsocervical fat pad. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The widespread emergence and increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant phytopathogenic strains have accelerated the exploration of novel, eco-friendly antimicrobial agrochemicals. In this study, seven flavonoids were isolated from Cortex mori, and their antifungal activities were comprehensively evaluated. In vitro bioassays demonstrated that Albanol B exerted broad-spectrum inhibitory effects against six phytopathogenic fungi, with EC50 values ranging from 5.30 to 39.8 μg/mL. Notably, Albanol B displayed potent anti-Botrytis cinerea activity with an EC50 of 5.30 μg/mL, which was superior to that of kresoxim-methyl (32.7 μg/mL). Mechanistic studies elucidated that Albanol B markedly suppressed spore germination, damaged cell wall structure, and impaired the integrity and permeability of the cell membrane. Drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) analysis further validated that Albanol B inhibited the activities of triosephosphate isomerase and transaldolase, leading to fungal death by disrupting energy metabolism. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that Albanol B possessed outstanding protective and curative effects against fungal diseases in apples and tomatoes, as well as a good safety profile. Consequently, Albanol B emerged as a promising candidate for developing novel plant-based fungicides.

IntroductionKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that severely undermines the quality of life in middle-aged and elderly people. Pain is the predominant clinical symptom of KOA. Existing pharmacological treatments often cause side effects including gastrointestinal damage and cardiovascular complications. Common non-pharmacological interventions like exercise therapy also fail to achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes with limited curative effect. As a classic external therapy in traditional Chinese medicine, bloodletting therapy (BLT) has gradually demonstrated promising value in the clinical management of KOA. Despite its growing application, there still lacks systematic evidence-based evaluation on the overall efficacy and safety of BLT for KOA treatment, which restricts its standardized clinical promotion and popularization.PurposeThis study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of BLT in the treatment of KOA and provide the best current evidence for clinical practice.Patients and MethodsThis study followed the PRISMA guidelines (2020) and systematically retrieved randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from three Chinese databases, two English databases, and one trial registry as of July 10, 2025. The inclusion criteria included adult patients with KOA, BLT as the intervention measure (either alone or in combination), and RCTs comparing it with Western medicine, Western medicine plus rehabilitation, acupuncture, etc. The primary outcome was pain intensity (VAS/WOMAC); the secondary outcomes included inefficient rate (inefficient rate= Ineffective/total number of participants×100%), response rate (response rate = (clinical control+ apparent effect) / total number of participants×100%), quality of life (SF-36) and adverse reactions. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 tool, and a Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool.ResultsA total of fifteen RCTs involving 1108 patients were included. The types of BLT included picking BLT, wet cupping, and Zhuang medicine BLT. The most commonly used BLT acupoint is the Ashi point. The comparison types included BLT vs. Drugs (n=4), BLT plus drugs vs. Drugs (n=1), BLT plus drugs and rehabilitation vs. Drugs plus rehabilitation (n=1), BLT plus drugs vs. Drugs plus rehabilitation (n=1), and BLT plus acupuncture vs. acupuncture (n=8). Of all included trials, one was assessed as “low risk of bias”, one was rated as “high risk of bias” and thirteen were assessed as “some concern”. The results showed that BLT improved the response rate by 23% compared with drugs (sodium hyaluronate and ibuprofen tablets) alone. BLT plus rehabilitation reduced the pain intensity by 13.31 scores in the WOMAC and increased the response rate by 80% compared with drugs (diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets) plus rehabilitation. BLT plus acupuncture alone reduced the inefficient rate by 74%, improved the response rate by 44%, and improved the quality of life score (SF-36 scale) by 50.40 scores, and the subgroup analysis showed that when there were fewer bloodletting locations, the better the pain relief effect. BLT plus acupuncture may increase the risk of adverse effects compared with acupuncture alone. The quality of the evidence was generally low or very low, mainly due to methodological limitations and heterogeneity.ConclusionCurrent very low-quality evidence suggests that BLT alone or combined with acupuncture, drugs and rehabilitation, and drugs may have certain advantages in alleviating KOA pain, reducing inefficient rate, and increasing response rate. Compared with acupuncture, BLT plus acupuncture may increase the risk of adverse reactions. However, due to the low methodological quality of the included studies, the conclusion should be interpreted with caution. Future studies with higher quality and larger sample sizes are needed to further verify its efficacy and safety.

Numerous bioactive oxime ethers are utilized as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, the correlations among C═N-O bond E/Z isomerization, biological activity, and molecular targets of such compounds remain poorly elucidated. Herein, we constructed 54 novel quinoline-based oxime ether derivatives and illustrated their differential target-binding behavior of E/Z-isomers toward the putative target cytochrome bc1. E-isomer A23 exhibited the most potent activity against Colletotrichum sublineola with an EC50 value of 0.68 μg/mL, markedly higher than that of its Z-isomer (4.12 μg/mL). It also exerted stronger inhibitory effects on cytochrome bc1 with an IC50 of 16.6 μg/mL relative to B23 (26.9 μg/mL), which further disturbed mitochondrial function, thereby inducing ROS accumulation and cell membrane damage. A23 showed high protective (86.9%) and curative (80.7%) effects with low toxicity. This study reveals great potential of novel quinoline oxime ethers for fungal control and provides a new perspective for understanding how molecular configuration differences influence biological activity.

Utilization of natural product for developing promising sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: design, synthesis and antifungal evaluation of cyclic trialkylamine derivatives.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which manifests as B-cell lymphomas in cattle. However, the effective therapy for EBL has not yet been developed. While the usage of anti-human CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) for B-cell depletion therapy (BCDT) can provide remarkable curative effects on several types of B-cell tumors in humans, this approach remains problematic in cattle due to the lack of anti-bovine CD20 (boCD20) mAb for BCDT. Here, we show that newly developed mAb targeting boCD20 utilizes effector function to deplete EBL-driven B-cell lymphoma cells and bovine B cells. Anti-boCD20 mAb not only specifically recognized boCD20 but also exhibited the cytotoxic function against EBL-derived B-cell lymphoma cells and bovine B cells mediated through Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC) as well as direct cell death. Furthermore, the treatment of immunodeficient mice transplanted with EBL-derived B-cell lymphoma cells with anti-boCD20 mAb led to inhibition of their growth. Thus, our findings highlight boCD20 as a valid marker for identifying B cells and EBL-derived B-cell lymphoma cells in cattle and provide support for boCD20 as a potential target for mAb-mediated depletion for the therapy of EBL.

Dihydromyricetin attenuates LPS-induced liver injury in chicks through the JNK signaling pathway.

Shugananshen recipe improves insomnia in humans and alleviates anxiety in rats by altering expressions of key signaling molecules

Metal ion-amplified phototherapy for tumors: Mechanisms, nanomaterial design, and synergistic strategies.

Therapeutic effect of polydatin graphene hydrogel on intestinal injury.

Multidimensional successively targeted glucose-aptamer nano-system to achieve "Point-Surface" early intervention of Alzheimer's disease.