Terms Of Culture Research Articles

Economic Value of Energy and Petrochemical Companies and Multiple Directorships: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

The existence of multiple directorships is the case when a board member is serving on two or more boards or a number of other external appointments. This study aims to examine the impact of multiple directorships on a firm’s economic values among Saudi listed companies using the busyness hypothesis. As for the methodology, this study collected secondary data from the annual reports of the listed companies that include corporate governance and firm-specific characteristics. In addition, this study reviewed the extant research related to the multiple directorships and firms’ economic values. Using a sample of 140 Energy and Petrochemical companies for the period 2012-2019, the Ordinary-Least Square (OLS) results show that busy directors negatively influence the firm’s economic value, measured as ROA and ROE. The findings of this study have theoretical implications in a manner that gives support to the busyness hypothesis in the Saudi context, which is considered a different setting from other studies conducted in other developed and developing countries in terms of politics, economic factors, and culture. This study adds additional empirical evidence in the unique setting of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the findings of this study could have practical implications to policymakers, shareholders, management, auditors, and other stakeholders in gaining a deeper understanding of how multiple directorships negatively influence the firm’s economic value.

Kültürel Süreklilik Bağlamında Elektronik Kültür Ortamında Halaçça Yazınsal Üretim

Living largely isolated for centuries in central Iran, the Khalaj Turks have, in the last century, seen great changes in the person-to-nature and person-to-person relations which form the basis of their social order. Because of a deterioration of the social conditions of their villages, and attracted by city life, many Khalaj have left the lands of their ancestors and migrated to the big cities. This has made it difficult for the Khalaj to pass on their cultural traits to new generations, as their culture is largely oral. Negative attitudes towards the Khalaj language and culture have led to changes in Khalaj culture and particularly language. In the face of this, some Khalaj intellectuals have taken action. These people, who have a good knowledge of the language and culture, have created Telegram and Instagram pages sharing items on Khalaj language and culture. On these pages, about-to-be-forgotten traditions, rituals and games are described, and examples of folk literature like lullabies, sayings or poems are shared. Among the most important contributions in terms of digitalized culture are examples of new folk poetry which are appearing on Telegram and Instagram pages. Towards the end of the 20th century, the Khalaj had no literary texts apart from a few poems, but by the efforts of Ali Asghar Jamrasi and Abdullah Vasheqani in particular, they got to know folk poetry. Especially group admins such as Amir Mohammadbaygi, Hasan Talkhabi and Mahdi Hadigol, who have made good use of the new features provided by social networks such as Telegram and Instagram, have written poems in the Khalaj language which include many elements of Khalaj folk culture. As well as reflecting the internal world of an individual, the aim of the new poetry of Hadigol and Hossein Talkhabi is to present the Khalaj identity and to introduce Khalaj culture to new generations. For this, topics such as language, identity, traditions and patriotism are often dealt with in the poems. This study is concerned with the positive effects of digitalization in introducing Khalaj folk culture and traditions and transmitting them to new generations and different areas, and focuses on Khalaj folk poetry in the context of the sustainability of identity, cultural memory and cultural items. The Khalaj language is on the UNESCO list of endangered languages and is of great importance for Altaistic studies. This study contains examples of poetry written in the Khalaj language and mostly previously unpublished, and provides data to different areas such as literature, folklore and linguistics. It is supported with observations and interviews.

Memaknai Ulang Film Ajari Aku Islam Perspektif Roland Barthes

This research is motivated by the rapid development of information and communication technology. One of them is the development of film. In the course of its history this film has become a very large and profitable industry. Film is a form of mass media that can spread messages with its technical advantages. This study aims to describe the representation of the moral message in the film Ajari Aku Islam in terms of denotation, connotation and myth. and knowing the religious values​​contained in the film Teach Me Islam by jaymes Rianto. This study uses interpretive qualitative research. This approach allows the author to make in-depth observations and analyzes of the object to be studied. In the process the researcher will direct interactive qualitative research to explain moral values ​​seen through the meanings of denotations, connotations, and myths and representations contained in the film Ajari Aku Islam with the Roland Barthes model. This research seeks to describe facts that are interpreted correctly. As a result, the writer finds that the scene contains several meanings and messages, namely: the moral message of the importance of tolerance in religion; Then the religious messages contained in certain parts of the dialogue. Namely the values ​​of the aqidah which discuss faith in Allah SWT, the moral values​​include the morals towards oneself, parents, family and society, the values ​​of worship include prayer. Recommendation, For Muslims, tolerance and mutual respect for differences can help us to build friendship in a society that has diversity in terms of culture, ethnicity, and ethnicity.

Sociability and Tamil System in Singapore Tamil Education

Tamil peoples live all over the world. They leave the motherland and live in other countries that are completely different in terms of language, race, culture and customs. Even though they face lot of problems in the countries they migrated to, they maintain their mother language and culture. Even though Tamils are spread all over Malaysia, Singapore, America, Canada, England, Australia, the lifestyle of Singaporean Tamils is same as the lifestyle of Tamil people of Tamilnadu. The contribution of Tamil language education of the Singaporean Tamil is significant.

Forms of Bacterial Survival in Model Biofilms

Bacterial survival upon sharp fluctuations of environmental parameters and exposure to lethal doses of stressors (antibiotics, disinfectants, heat shock, and others) is ensured by the use of different strategies of resistance, an important place among which is occupied by the forms with reduced or stopped metabolism, antibiotic tolerant (AT) persister (P) cells, anabiotic dormant forms (DFs), and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells. Elucidating the role of these forms of bacterial resistance to an impact of chemical and biological toxicants and physical stressors is of great fundamental and practical interest. The aim of this research was to study the dynamics of the resistance forms in bacteria developing in biofilms and, for comparison in liquid media, upon exposure to lethal doses of antibiotics and heat shock (80 °C, 15 min). In the trials, the experimental model of the development of monospecies and binary forms of bacterial biofilms including contaminants of meat products (eight strains of genera Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Kocuria) on the fiberglass filters was used. It was established that survival of populations in the presence of lethal doses of antibiotics and upon heating was ensured by persister cells forming in bacterial populations and, at the late stages of the development of biofilm or planktonic cultures (28 days of incubation), by anabiotic DFs. With that, the number of thermoresistant (TR) DFs (103–104 CFU/mL) in dying biofilms (28 days) developing in the standard conditions (composition and volume of a medium, pH, growth temperature) weakly depended on the bacterial taxonomic status. This study demonstrates the heterogeneity of DF populations of biofilm bacterial cultures in terms of the depth of dormancy, as a result of which the number of thermoresistant DFs after heating can exceed their total number before heating (due to the effect of DF revival, resuscitation). When studying the dynamics of TR cells and P cells in bacterial biofilm and planktonic cultures, it was found that their number (CFU/mL) in populations decreased up to the absence of TR cells and P cells on the 21st day of growth and was restored on the 28th day of growth. The revealed phenomenon can be explained only by cardinal changes in the ultrastructural organization of cells, namely, cytoplasm vitrification due to a sharp decrease in an amount of free water in a cell, which, according to the results obtained, occurs in the period between the 21st and 28th days of incubation. A high degree of correlation between the number of AT cells and TR cells (0.5–0.92) confirms the hypothesis that regards P cells as precursors of DFs.

What is the role of race in educational psychology? A review of research in Educational Psychologist

Acknowledging that educational psychologists should be deliberate in integrating race-related issues in their research, we aim to examine the extent to which articles published in Educational Psychologist issues to date have done so. Based on an iterative search using Boolean/phrase search terms minority, ethnicity, race, culture, equity, justice, racial and ethnic, thirty-one articles (3.2% of all articles published from 1963 to 2022) met the selection criteria, with twelve of these appearing in special issues devoted specifically to race and ethnicity. Review and analyses demonstrated that the articles addressed four major themes, namely: evolving conceptualization of race, ethnicity, and culture; psychological processes; cultural, contextual, and structural factors; and methodology. From 1990 to 2022 there was and is a growing awareness for greater conceptual clarity in defining race and race-related constructs. During this time period, articles reviewed suggest a growing realization of the need to take a more situated perspective and to utilize a broader repertoire of research methods in educational psychology research. No specific trends were observed across articles in the psychological issues discussed in Educational Psychologist. We conclude with recommendations for enabling the journal and the field to become more race-focused for promoting anti-racist education.

Reconstruction of Legal Protection Regulations against Victims of Crime of Household Violence Based on Justice Value

The family is the first social environment known to humans. The family is a social institution that functions to improve all the abilities that exist in each individual. However, it is not uncommon for families to have cases of irregularities or illegal activities that cause misery or suffering and are carried out by members of one family against other family members such as molestation, rape, and even leading to murder. This situation is commonly referred to as Domestic Violence or more commonly abbreviated as domestic violence. The formulation of the problems in this dissertation research is: 1) Why is the regulation of legal protection for victims of criminal acts of domestic violence not fair? 2) What are the weaknesses of the current legal protection regulations for victims of criminal acts of domestic violence? 3) How is the reconstruction of legal protection regulations for victims of domestic violence crimes based on the value of justice? The research method uses a constructivist paradigm, with a sociological juridical approach. Methods of data collection by observation and interviews, with qualitative analysis data analysis method. The results of the study are 1) Regulation of legal protection for victims of criminal acts of domestic violence has not been fair, it is worth considering who has the most initiative among couples in the household to commit acts of violence, including the scale of differences in physical strength and ability between husband and wife and seriousness in using physical force. Most women are victims of violence perpetrated by people who are closely related to them. Domestic violence is generally perpetrated by men against women, generally violence by husbands against wives. 2) Weaknesses of legal protection regulations for victims of criminal acts of domestic violence at this time in terms of legal substance, law enforcers in carrying out law enforcement are only oriented to legal certainty, not legal justice. From the aspect of the legal structure, the synergy between the apparatus has not been optimal, the weakness in this case since the enactment of the PKDRT Law in 2004, there are still many cases of violence against women that occur in society and many are even unsolved. In terms of legal culture, the factors behind domestic violence can be identified due to gender and patriarchal factors. 3) Reconstruction of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence by changing and adding imprisonment and fines in Article 44, and the second reconstruction by adding the value of justice to Article 54.

Viscoelastic Properties of Bioprinted Alginate Microbeads Compared to Their Bulk Hydrogel Analogs.

Hydrogel microbeads are engineered spherical microgels widely used for biomedical applications in cell cultures, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. Their mechanical and physical properties (i.e., modulus, porosity, diffusion) heavily influence their utility by affecting encapsulated cellular behavior, biopayload elution kinetics, and stability for longer term cultures. There is a need to quantify these properties to guide microbead design for effective application. However, there are few techniques with the μN-level resolution required to evaluate these relatively small, compliant constructs. To circumvent mechanically testing individual microbeads, researchers often approximate microbead properties by characterizing larger bulk gel analogs of the same material formulation. This approach provides some insight into the hydrogel properties. However, bulk gels possess key structural and mechanical differences compared to their microbead equivalents, which may limit their accuracy and utility as analogs for estimating microbead properties. Herein, we explore how microbead properties are influenced by hydrogel formulation (i.e., alginate concentration, divalent cation crosslinker, and crosslinker concentration), and whether these trends are accurately reflected in bulk gel analogs. To accomplish this, we utilize laser direct-write bioprinting to create 12 × 12 arrays of alginate microbeads and characterize all 144 microbeads in parallel using a commercially available microcompression system. In this way, the compressive load is distributed across a large number of beads, thus amplifying sample signal. Comparing microbead properties to those of their bulk gel analogs, we found that their trends in modulus, porosity, and diffusion with hydrogel formulation are consistent, yet bulk gels exhibit significant discrepancies in their measured values.

Problems with the Islamic legal system regarding child marriages in Indonesia during the covid-19 pandemic period

The high number of child marriages during the Covid-19 pandemic period poses problems related to the Islamic legal system in Indonesia. This study aims to describe the problems of the Islamic legal system regarding the phenomenon of child marriages during the pandemic period in Indonesia. This paper is the result of a qualitative research with a socio-legal analysis approach, that is based on Friedman Hayden's legal system theory. The results of the study show that there are three substantial problems with the Islamic legal system, namely: (1) the problem associated with the legal substance where the Marriage Law stipulates the age of a bride to increase from 16 to 19-year-old as contained in article 7 paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law number 16 of 2019, while at the same time it enables child marriages to be carried out through a marital dispensation request, it acknowledges marital vows (ithbat), and there is an absence of legal sanctions for violating the Marriage Law; (2) the problem related to the legal structure of child marriages that is rooted in the formation, enforcement, and development of child marriage law; and (3) the problem of legal culture in relation to the legal behavior of child marriage, unregistered marriages (sirri) for minors, and the lack of social arrangements to promote the culture of marriage at a mature age. Therefore, this paper offers a reconstruction of the Islamic legal system in terms of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture to minimize child marriage practices in Indonesia.

CONSTRAINTS TO THE PROTECTION OF COMMUNAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THROUGH INVENTORY BY THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

This purpose of this research is to identify the constrains that arise in the inventory efforts carried out by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia in order to realize the legal protection of communal intellectual property. The method used is normative legal research with an evaluative nature, where the sources of legal material obtained in this research are then analyzed qualitatively. The constrains that have been identified are: Constraints in terms of substance, related to the confusion of communal intellectual property rights holders; Constraints in terms of structure, related to coordinating the inventory of communal intellectual property without involving a custodian; Constraints in terms of culture, related to the culture of speech for the custodian of communal intellectual property in Indonesia. These constrains will certainly hinder the government’s efforts to realize the legal protection of Indonesian communal intellectual property. Therefore, it is necessary to make improvements from several aspects, namely: First, the holder of communal intellectual property rights is the custodian; Second, the inventory should be carried out directly or at least involve the custodian; Third, grounding the documentation culture in communal intellectual property custodians in Indonesia

ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ КАТЕГОРИИ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ДЖОНА СТЕЙНБЕКА

This article is devoted to the works of John Steinbeck from the position of the functioning of the main existential categories or "existentials" of human Being. Existentialism is considered here as a phenomenon that has gone beyond specific philosophy and literature and entered the cultural tradition as a conglomerate of issues that directly concern anthropology. Existential categories are derived as a result of the analysis of the philosophical and cultural base of existentialism, as well as by means of addressing a specific historical situation. The term "existential" belonging to M. Heidegger is interpreted here as a "base-forming value category", "pillar for existence" and is used as an element of literary analysis. The authors identify and investigate a number of existentials characteristic for literature and capable of being modified in the angle of the plot of a particular work. As a result of the study, it is concluded that in the works of J. Steinbeck, existential categories associated with the problem of human existence in a specific situation and representing the existentials of "support and overcoming" are the most frequent. This is a "dream", "hope", "meaning of life", which is directly related to the context recreated by the author. In general, the analysis of a literary work from the angle of the functioning of existential categories allows to analyse the work in its historical and cultural terms, as well as to make a deeper and more comprehensive characteristic of a literary character.

Analysis of COVID-19 Neologisms by Facebook Users: The Case of Basotho Netizens

The Language used in every day communication has an influence on how human beings perceive the world. In these modern days, the human race has shown improvement in terms of lifestyle and culture. One of the areas where mankind has shown development and improvement is at the level of language. The changes in language result in the speakers of the language coining new words all the time to suit specific circumstances. Some of these coinages result in neologisms. Neologisms are invented every day through different word formation processes. If social media did not exist, people would not be aware of the COVID-19 neologisms. However, now that people are familiar with new words invented on social media, they spread them to other social networking sites such as WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook and others. The current study focuses on English neologisms created on Facebook due to Coronavirus pandemic. Based on the data analysis, the findings show that the types of neologisms which were used on Facebook were created through the word formation processes of blending, affixation, compounding, acronym, conversion and abbreviation. Of these processes, blending was found to be the most productive one that influences the invention of new words in the language, whereas abbreviation was found to be the lowest. The findings revealed that the rapid usage of neologisms on Facebook makes people to understand the current situation and experience of COVID-19.

Everyman by M Shelly Conner

Reviewed by: Everyman by M Shelly Conner Jane Rosenberg LaForge (bio) everyman M Shelly Conner Blackstone Publishing https://www.blackstonepublishing.com/everyman-dat0.html#541=91 350 pages; Print, $17.99 Since the 1920s, scholars and writers have tracked the progress of the six million African Americans over sixty years who left the segregated South and headed north in what is known as the Great Migration, one of the largest movements of people in history. With notable exceptions—James Baldwin, for instance; and the women of Alice Walker's The Color Purple (1982)—the oral histories, sociological studies, poetry, and novels have been dominated by a heteronormative authority. In her new novel about the back-and-forth flow of people and their stories between the South and the nominal North, M Shelly Conner tries to correct this deficit, with arresting results. Conner's everyman—the name is just one of many of the book's mysteries—demonstrates how diverse is the village that goes into the making of one cis straight woman, as well as the durability and delicacy of family secrets supposedly buried in the ancestral homeland. In casting a wide net to excavate tales that might otherwise be neglected, Conner makes use of a broad swath of African American history and traditions. Some of the novel's most beguiling sequences occur when Conner mines the mythology of African American Hoodoo from New Orleans, enabling [End Page 70] a mother to protect her daughter from a potential predator. The education of one gangster reads at the beginning like a slave narrative, with a young innocent saving the life of a stranger on the run. That gangster's name, and how his mother settled on it, suggests a possible liaison between his mother and a famous white railroad tycoon. It's a far-fetched premise, especially since the tycoon and his actual son, with the same name, don't fit into the novel's timeline. (There are other glitches between the world of the novel and the historical record, especially in terms of popular culture.) But the interlocking stories between gay and straight life, such as the symbiotic existence of Blacks and whites, serve to remind how one has always informed the other through a tangle of memories, fears, desires, and denial—even if one side cannot acknowledge that truth. The scope of the novel, with its nonbinary characters, leaves open the question why Conner did not make her protagonist gay or gender-nonconforming. Every Mann, also known as Eve, is not even a particularly good gay ally. She is "devastated" to learn her childhood friend Nelle is a lesbian and calls her own thoughts about homosexuality "disturbingly impure." Eve rationalizes her distaste for Nelle's sexuality not through church teachings or conventional morality but through the politics of the period: "Eve had been indoctrinated in the 1960s Black Power politics of black babies for the revolution and gays and lesbians could not naturally produce them." Nelle, meanwhile, calls Eve's desire "to really find myself in this world" a "straight luxury"—that even her best friend is too enveloped in her own needs to acknowledge Nelle's particular struggle. Yet the bulk of the novel takes place in 1972, when the options for Black liberation have been cut down by government persecution and state-sanctioned violence. To satisfy the requirements of a college class led by Brother LeRoi (whose name evokes the late Amiri Baraka's birth name, Everett LeRoi Jones), Eve must write a family history. The assignment collides with both the determination of Eve's aunt to reveal nothing and the declining influence of the Black Panther Party in Chicago. If Eve is to liberate herself from the subjugation of her aunt's shame, she will have to embark on a path of self-discovery that is not only narrowly focused but also personal. What Eve uncovers when she travels to the railroad town of Ideal, in Macon County, Georgia, is a sprawling, sometimes brutal history that might [End Page 71] otherwise be lost to treachery and humiliation. Eve's particular quest for the origins of her name recalls Frederick Douglass's attempts to learn the name...

Pocket Restorative Practice Approaches to Foster Peer-Based Relationships and Positive Development in Schools

In schools, the implementation of restorative practices is linked to an improvement in school climate, discipline and management of conflict. There are a few systematic reviews about the implementation of pocket restorative practice approaches (PRPA) in schools but they are restricted in terms of practices included, outcomes and study design. Moreover, none of them seem to include evidence-based recommendations for their implementation. We have dealt with such issues by carrying out a systematic review of the effectiveness of PRPA and developing evidence-based practice guidelines. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria and we developed eighteen evidence-based practice guidelines. The implementation of PRPA seems to be more common in secondary education and may be used to improve social and emotional skills and relationships, and to deal with and prevent conflicts while changing school culture in disciplinary terms. The greatest evidence available is for a specific model of mediation that is recommended to decrease aggression levels in primary education. Our guidelines may offer support to improve the quality of prevention and intervention actions used in schools. The implementation of these kinds of approaches may help to promote mental health and youth development, and deal with adverse behavioral outcomes such as bullying, which are all major public issues in the school community.

DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN PERAK TENGAH DISTRICT BASED ON LOCAL AUTHORITY PERSPECTIVES

Perak Tengah District has much cultural heritage potential to promote, notably in terms of village life, arts, culture, and agriculture. In order to be beneficial to the community, additional efforts should be encouraged to draw tourists to Perak, and the new attraction should be carefully defined and interpreted, especially in rural regions. Unfortunately, there is not enough support for the tourism industry's infrastructure, and the services are still not up to par. The Local Plan 2013, which promotes tourist-related products in Perak Tengah, is the foundation of the proposal to boost tourism there. This is consistent with the policies outlined in the Perak State Plan, which emphasises Perak Tengah's tourism products and integrated growth as a Perak tourism attraction. Focus group discussions with local agencies will be used in this study's qualitative research, which will be used to examine the rural development in the Perak Tengah District. The study begins by identifying the person in charge of change for each administrative area. This study is divided into five (5) main sections: the tourist destination, the tourist product, the tourist activities, the promotion of tourism, and the infrastructure for tourists, particularly in the administrative district. Based on the findings of this study, it was found that there are various potentials that local authorities can highlight. The suggestions and perceptions expressed that rural tourism can revive and improve the tourism economy in Perak Teng

Istilah-Istilah Kuliner dalam Ritual Neloni di Kabupaten Malang: Studi Etnolinguistik

This study aims to reveal lexical and cultural meanings of neloni and describes the culinary terms within the ritual in Malang district. Neloni is a ritual for three months old baby in Java. The data source are the society of Desa Pandanajeng, Tumpang, Malang, East Java and other relevant literary sources. The data in this study is the information of lexical and cultural meanings of neloni along with the culinary terms in words or phrases within the ritual. The researchers utilize interview techniques to obtain the data and record the interview. In analyzing the data, the researchers employ agih method andBagi Unsur Langsung (BUL) technique. The results uncover that neloni has lexical meaning as three months celebration for the baby’s birth and the mommy’s pregnancy. Meanwhile, the cultural meaning reflects three kindness from God. They are character, ability, and feeling/emotions. The cultural terms involved in the ritual are ayam keting, jangan lodheh, jangan petang werno, jenang sengkolo, kuluban, trancam, tumpeng kuning, tumpeng putih and urap. Each culinary terms have lexical and cultural meanings.
 
 Keywords: Culinary term; ritual of neloni; ethnolinguistics

Development and testing of a diagnostic model of innovative organizational culture

Aim. This study presents the results of the development of a diagnostic model of organizational culture, which makes it possible to assess innovativeness as a formal characteristic that can be calculated using empirical methods.Tasks. The author systemizes methods for diagnosing and studying organizational culture; based on the resulting classification, proposes a diagnostic model of innovative organizational culture as a method for conducting socio-psychological research of organizational changes and assessing the organization’s innovativeness.Methods. The study uses general scientific methods of logical, structural, comparative, and systems analysis, qualitative methods of survey, observation, questionnaire, documentation analysis.Results. A review of methods for analyzing and diagnosing organizational culture in terms of innovativeness shows that in modern practice of organizational research there are many methods characterized by mosaic structure and absence of an empirically based model.Conclusion. The proposed model is a reliable tool for assessing the readiness of organizational culture for changes at the individual, group, and organizational level that have passed a psychometric test and are applicable for assessing socio-psychological phenomena in the context of organizational changes.

Negosiasi Identitas Budaya Jepang dalam Novel Tenki No Ko dan Terjemahannya dalam Bahasa Indonesia

The translator as a negotiator must ensure that all information contained in the source language text is conveyed to the target language reader. Because translation can be a way to overcome intercultural gaps. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to find the formulation of the translation of Japanese cultural terms that have been negotiated in Indonesian translation. The material objects of this research were the Japanese novel 'Tenki No Ko' and its Indonesian translation 'Weathering With You’. The frameworks for this study were Newmark's cultural terms categorizations, Eco's idea of negotiation, and Baker's strategies for culture-specific items. This study revealed that the negotiation of Japanese cultural identity can be identified and formulated through the translation strategy used by the translator. The strategies were using general words, omissions, paraphrasing with related words, using neutral words, and using unrelated words.

Psychometric Properties of the Indonesian Version of Youth Quality of Life-Weight Instrument (YQOL-W)

Quality of life refers to a broad concept that describes life satisfaction in terms of culture, value, and life experiences which are used to explain someone’s life aspect in general or specifically in relation to a particular condition, such as being overweight or obese. Obesity causes many health problems and affects the overall quality of life. As the obesity rate continues to be a growing public health problem in Indonesian adolescents, examining the perceptions regarding their weight is fundamental for planning a proper intervention. However, there has been little reported of available weight-specific instruments that measure the QoL in Indonesia. Youth Quality of Life-Weight (YQOL-W) is a multicultural measurement of QoL-weight that was specifically recommended by previous researchers to measure the QoL of adolescents with obesity and overweight conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adapted YQOL-W instrument for Indonesian adolescents. Twenty-one items were administered to 880 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age, of whom 54.55% were female and 71.14% were junior high school students. Data were collected with a convenience sampling technique. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a three-factor model had an acceptable model fit, including a Self factor (4 items), Social factor (12 items), and Environment factor (5 items) with p < .05. The YQOL-W instrument had good internal consistency reliability with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from .87 to .95 and acceptable test-retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) all greater than .70. The one-factor and three-factor scores were negatively correlated with BMI and positively correlated with PedsQL (all at p < .01 level). In conclusion, the Indonesian version of the YQOL-W shows good reliability and validity for assessing the weight-specific QoL of adolescents in Indonesia.

A Preliminary Study on the Landscape Design of the External Space of Commercial Complexes: Taking Happy Harbor as an Example

With the development of urban construction in China and the improvement of living standards among urban residents, people today have higher requirements for space quality, and the development of urban commercial complexes has also become an important part of urban development. In this process, the functions of urban commercial complexes, in terms of culture, leisure, commerce, tourism, and office work, are gradually compounded. The integration of the commercial complex landscape with the urban environment shapes a place that provides more humanized services to the urban population. The landscape facilities in the commercial complex square are no longer just a foil, but they are constantly improved and optimized for the benefit of the crowd. Beginning from the exterior space of commercial complexes, this study investigates and analyzes the landscape design, and based on the external landscape distribution of Happy Harbor and the environment created by the landscape, this paper expounds the commercial landscape design and development of a more comprehensive and humanized commercial urban complex space landscape.