Terms Of Culture Research Articles

MANAGEMENT OF PRESS ACTIVITIES OF THE CHINESE IN THE SOUTH OF VIETNAM UNDER THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM (1955-1975)

Due to the geographical and cultural proximity to Vietnam, the Chinese came to settle in Vietnam early, often and in large numbers. Depending on historical, political and economic circumstances, most Vietnamese governments have their own policies towards the Chinese in Vietnam. The government of the Republic of Vietnam established in 1955 in South Vietnam, there are also “concerns” about the growth of the Chinese community in areas such as nationality, economy and culture. Therefore, this government soon introduced measures to manage the Chinese community in South Vietnam, especially in terms of culture. This article focuses on understanding a number of measures taken by the government of the Republic of Vietnam to manage press activities of the Chinese community. The research presents an overall picture of the journalistic activities of the Chinese community in South Vietnam, along with initial assessments of the management of the Republic of Vietnam government over the press activities of the Chinese community in South Vietnam in the period of 1955-1975.

Analisis Sosiologi Hukum atas Polemik dan Dampak Meningkatnya Permohonan Dispensasi Perkawinan di Jawa Timur tahun 2022

Marriage is an important institution in human social life, both in terms of religion, culture, and law. However, in some cases, there are situations where couples who want to marry must request dispensation from the applicable law, as was the case in East Java in 2022, where there was an increase in the number of applications for marriage dispensation. This study aims to analyze social and legal factors with a sociological-jurisprudence approach. The research method used is a qualitative approach using literature study techniques and relevant skunder data related to the dynamics of the marriage dispensation. The results showed that factors influencing the decision to apply for marriage dispensation include economic, cultural, religious factors, also influenced by social changes and policies related to the minimum age of marriage. The polemic regarding the marriage dispensation needs to get deeper attention, so that the judiciary and the government can determine the right policy to deal with the phenomenon.

TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY ON MUALLAF NOVEL: VIEWED FROM PROCEDURE APPLIED

Muallaf novel contains many cultural terms and concepts that translator was faced with translation ideology, whether translator will maintain cultural concept of source text or adapt it to cultural concept of target text. This choice has implication for the application of translation procedures. This research was focused on two objectives, namely translation procedure used by translator and translation ideology chosen by translator. Researchers used qualitative research as the approach and descriptive qualitative as type of research. Primary data was Muallaf novel by John Michaelson and secondary data were some appropriate journals and related books. Data collecting technique used was documentation. Sample was gained from four subparts of novel. Data analysing technique used was data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. First research result indicated that there were 11 procedures used in translating the novel that categorized into foreignization (SL-oriented) including literal, borrowing and calque and other procedures that categorized into domestication (TL-oriented) including free, adaptation, transposition, description, modulation, reduction, amplification and word for word. The finding about procedures was then used to generate second research result which showed that translator applied foreignization and domestication to be carried out in translating novel. The results of this research can provide input and new insights for translators to combine two ideologies rather than to adopt one of two ideologies in order to produce translation that can still reflect cultural aspects of SL while on the other hand readers do not feel if what he is reading is a work of translation. Due to previous researches that use this novel as an object of study this research can add findings from different point of view. This research also become input for next researchers to study translation ideology to improve translation quality.

A MOSQUE BEARING DEPICTIONS OF DERVISH LODGE ITEMS: AFYONKARAHİSAR BAŞMAKÇI RECEP BEY MOSQUE

Wall paintings, which started to be seen in Ottoman society from the 15th century, became widespread in civil architecture in Istanbul from the second half of the 18th century. They spread to all Anatolia and the Balkans in a short time anda re observed even in small-scale village mosques. In this study, the architecture of the Recep Bey mosque, which is located in the center of Başmakçı district in the southeast of Afyonkarahisar, was assessed in terms of Sufi culture by considering the embroideries made using the hand-drawn technique in the interior part, depictions, writing program, possible iconographic meanings that the depictions may have, and depictions of tekke items found in the structure. Mosques with two and four minarets, salsabil pool with arch and curtain on it, curtain and oil lamp placed in the niche of the mihrab, pitcher, clock, scales and scissors, eight-door, five-story paradise with a tree of heaven placed upside down on it and tekke items depictions were used on the walls of the work. According to the master inscription found on the west wall, the hand-drawn decorations were made by a master named “Hüseyin Arif” on “5 Muharram 1310” (G. July 30, 1892). The depiction of many tekke items found on the same wall suggests that “Hüseyin Arif” was working with a tekke. In the study, the depictions of the tekke items in the structure and the writing program were examined in detail, and it was concluded that the master could be Bektashi or Rifai, and the relations of these sects with each other as well as the futuwwa and ahi organizations were examined. With its depictions, the mosque is an original example of small-scale village mosques, which are frequently encountered in the region, and is an important representative of tekke art with its tekke item depictions. Keywords: Turkish Art, Afyonkarahisar, Recep Bey Mosque, Wall Paintings, Hand- drawn Decoration, Bektashism, Rifaism, Ahi Order and Futuwwa.

Evaluation of the Most Common Viral Causes of Fever and Neutropenia in Children Hospitalized in Abuzar Children’s Medical Center in Ahvaz, Iran

Background: Viral infections are the most common cause of fever and neutropenia in children without underlying disease, and data are still limited in this regard. Objective: This study aimed to identify the most common viral causes of fever and neutropenia in pediatrics. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on pediatric patients younger than 18 years old referred to the pediatric emergency ward with fever as the chief complaint and no underlying diseases; patients with neutropenia and no evidence of bacterial infections in terms of different cultures were included in the study. After obtaining parental consent, nasopharyngeal swab specimens were taken from patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and blood samples were analyzed to detect viruses in each patient. Results: Fifty patients (54.3%) had mild neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count (ANC): 1000 - 1500/μL), 40 patients (43.5%) had moderate neutropenia (ANC: 1000 - 500/μL), and 2 cases (2.2%) had severe neutropenia (ANC < 500/μL). Among all the cases, 19 cases were positive in terms of virus examination, including adenovirus (6.5%), enterovirus (5.4%), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (3.3%), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (3.3%), and Herpes virus 6 (2.2%). A significant correlation was found between enterovirus and neutropenia (P = 0.005). Conclusions: The most common viruses found in neutropenic children hospitalized due to fever without any underlying disease were adenovirus and enterovirus, respectively. Considering the good general condition and relatively quick recovery, consideration of viral causes is recommended in this category of patients, and it is better to avoid prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics, and careful follow-up should be carried out.

ISLAM IN THE MALAY HISTORY AND CULTURE: ITS IMPACTS ON THE MALAY CULTURE, LANGUAGE & LITERATURE

The origin of Malay language, culture and literature often being debated due to different reasons and interests. Some argued there are similarities between the Malay’s practices, words and literature influences to the Hindus as well as Buddhists while some strongly refuted, saying that all aspect are solely influenced by Islamic traits. This research was carried out to prove that Islamization serves as the key factor in the Malay society’s transformation particularly in terms of language, literature and culture. It is in accordance with a Western Philosopher’s ideology, "a revolution from within" which stated that the Malay’s strength was not attributed to its race, culture and literature, but it is because of Islam. The research methodology used encompasses the literature review and analysis of information obtained from previous studies. The data findings revealed that there were indeed Hinduism and Buddhism in the Malay Peninsula particularly and the Malay Archipelago however the arrival of Islam has resulted in numerous changes in the traditional Malay society. The religion introduced a new system of law and values, thus resulting in a significant transformation in the Malay worldview. Perhaps the most noticeable change it caused was the emergence and development of the Malay language and literature. Islam's arrival has also led to other cultural shifts in the Malay Archipelago from various aspects, for instance the learning development that was mostly driven by the introduction of the religion's holy scripture known as Quran which was written in the Arabic language. Following Islamization, the Malay society learned recitation of the Quran to enable them to perform prayers and other religious rituals. Conversion to Islam involving all Malays in the Malay peninsula occurred without disrupting the harmony among the societies. In the political aspect, Islamization has brought about a new system of law and government.

Indonesian Batik Study of Go Tik Swan at 1950-1990 Period in Surakarta

Batik is very closely related to the Majapahit Empire and Islamic kingdoms in Java in the past. The development of batik incessantly took place during the Mataram kingdom in 1600-1700. During this time, batik spread throughout Java, where it was used for ceremonial purposes and attire for royalty, and the craftsmen of the palace artists created various kinds of batik motifs. The treasury of batik designs developed from a variety of aesthetic orientations, in Central Java's palaces, designs were often inspired by ritual. The spread of batik culture to the birth of coastal batik, its emergence is a new period in the world of batik. This period deserves to be called modern batik, the form of coastal batik has developed very widely with various cultural influences brought by immigrants. One of the pioneers in the world of batik in Surakarta City is Go Tik Swan Panembahan Hardjoanagoro, he is the creator of the birth of Indonesian Batik which was inspired by President Soekarno's orders. Indonesian batik is a sophisticated blend of batik elements in the archipelago, namely classic batik and coastal batik in the design of the motifs and the use of colors. Go Tik Swan makes the concept of semi-delinquent as the basis for creating inner masterpieces. Indonesian batik is modern and multi-colored, but does not leave its roots, namely Javanese culture in terms of design motifs, production processes, and their meanings. The aims of this study were to study the rationale for Indonesian Batik based on the concept of semi-deferred by Go Tik Swan, to know the process of creating and realizing Indonesian Batik, and to understand the role of "semi-deferred" in the style of Indonesian Batik by Go Tik Swan.

The Changing Sacredness and Taboo in Life Cycle Ritual : A Comparative Analysis among Migrated Tribes of Periurban Area

Tribals are unique in their culture due to continued closeness to nature, forests, flora and fauna. They have different traditions, cultures, lifestyles, beliefs, food, languages, rituals etc. They are unique in their worship rites and sacraments of organized religions and cults, atonement and purification rites, oaths of allegiance, dedication ceremonies, coronations and presidential inaugurations, marriages, funerals etc. Krushnanagar is a small village is located in Chandaka tehsil of Khordha district in Odisha, India, having a population of 468 people, out of that 90% are tribal people and rest 10% are scheduled cast people. Bhubaneswar is nearest city to krushnanagar for all major economic activities, which is approximately 20 km away. The people in the villagers have migrated from Mayurbhanj district to Krishnagar of Chandaka Tahsil around 30-50 years ago, in search of better livelihood. I have taken two majority tribes in krushnanagar i.e Bhumij and santal for the study and observed that there has been socio cultural changes in tribal societies in terms of culture, religion, and economic aspects. They perform rituals very similar to Hinduism and very similar to the culture followed in nearby cities Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. This article, with an aim to describe the changing sacredness and taboo among the tribals of Krushnanagar village due to the impact of modernisation and close proximity to culturally rich city of Odisha. Primary data collected through census analysis and discussion with village headman and other villagers vis a vis literature available in this context have been made as base. It is observed that the sanctity of most of the rituals are not being practiced anymore or some new rituals are being adapted. Now taboo is a different concept in all society. There has been a continuous acculturation process in the practices of life cycle rituals. Newly conceptualized stages have emerged, such as “bridal shower”, “baby shower”, “bachelorette party”, “empty nest”, etc. These celebrations are derived from evolving stages of life and signify progression and change. They can be culminated and categorized under traditional classifications of the life cycle rituals and represent the dynamic growth of society and culture in today’s modern and technologically advanced world..

Lines, Points, Waves, Streams

From the 1860s, the Swiss house researcher Jakob Hunziker sought an ethnic typology of housing that he, like others in Central Europe, believed would help reconstruct the history of settlement and relatedness of European peoples. Heinrich Brockman-Jerosch and Richard Weiss later reinterpreted the diversity of Swiss material culture in ecological and functional terms. Throughout, ethnography drew on the naturalist collecting sciences for its diagrammatic and conceptual toolkit. Consistent across the period was the role of maps as a conceptual language, a means of organizing empirical work, and a medium of argument. Maps could contain various logics of relatedness and also, with the ecological turn in Swiss botany, help sever the link between biological descent and cultural forms.

Leadership factors of educational leaders, organizational culture and teacher competence in Selected Private Higher Education Institutions (HEIS) in Binan, Laguna

The study aimed to identify the relationship between leadership factors, organizational culture and teacher competence in private higher education institutions. Descriptive correlational research design was used in this study. The study revealed that leadership factors of the educational leaders was highly favorable with an average weighted mean of 3.39, the organizational culture was highly favorable with an average weighted mean of 3.37, the teacher competence was very high with an average weighted mean of 3.38. Correlations indicated that there was a significant relationship between Leadership Factors and Organizational Culture, Leadership Factors and Teacher Competence as well as Organizational Culture and Teacher Competence. The results also showed that there was a high level of prediction of the dependent variable (level of Teacher Competence). The obtained R square of 0.823 shows that independent variables (leadership factors and organizational culture) explain the variability of the dependent variable (level of teacher competence). Further, the independent variables leadership factors along attitude, determination and motivation and organizational culture in terms of create, collaborate and control are the drivers of teacher competence in higher education institutions.

From affordances to cultural affordances: An analytic framework for tracing the dynamic interaction among technology, people and culture

This paper proposes a novel framework called ‘cultural affordances’ to examine the dynamic interplay among technology, users and culture, as multilevel and multidirectional interactive networks. The framework includes three dimensions. 1) Cultural affordances of technology describe what technology can offer users and culture in terms of behavioural or cultural changes. 2) Cultural affordances of users describe what users can offer other users, technology and culture in terms of behavioural, technological or cultural changes. 3) Affordances of the cultural describe what culture can offer users and technology in terms of the design and use of technology as well as related changes. To establish the need for a culturally oriented extension to affordance theory, we first revisit Gibson's original definition of affordances of the environment and discuss its significance and limitations, including the need to understand the interplay between technology and users in the digital era. We contend that culture, as an assemblage of all relations and practices, should be included as an indispensable part of affordance theory, and we provide a detailed explanation of the novel, three-dimensional framework of cultural affordances. We then apply the framework to three prior empirical studies and one ongoing study to demonstrate how the framework can be used as an analytic tool to deepen our understanding of the multilevel and multidirectional interplay among technology, users and culture, and we identify related changes, focusing on WeChat. We also discuss how the framework can provide directions for designing new technologies to improve collaborations among users, between users and designers, and between an online platform and the offline world.

Memorialising and Forgetting in the City: Recovering Azimabad from the Many Pasts of Patna

This article interrogates the conventional idea of urban by historicising Patna, a provincial town neglected in urban studies. We argue that behind this neglect is the perception of urbanity as a project of modernity, development and infrastructure. The article foregrounds the role of culture in terms of literary productions and activities as significant yet ignored markers to define and reconceptualise urbanity. By studying the cultural activities of Patna from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, we not only redefine the urban but also the view of Patna as a provincial region. The article uses two occasions in the history of Patna, the formation of the New Capital and the construction of the Patna Museum, to underline the state’s desire for ‘monumental’ representation in the urban sphere and reveals how these instances were used to overwrite a certain kind of past for the city and create a formidable ancient identity for Patna.

Differentiating ensartinib from lorlatinib and alectinib for first line use in an ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer preclinical model (ResCu).

e20607 Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether Ensartinib with its high potency and resistance suppressing properties creates a more favorable treatment profile when used as first-line therapy in ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer compared to two other ALK inhibitors, Alectinib and Lorlatinib. Methods: The ResCu system, a novel culturing system, allows for long term culture of cells without the need for passaging, allowing determination of treatment resistance that can develop over time in a physiologically relevant system that conserves the resistance pathways found in patients. Two ALK-dependent lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, H3122 and H2228 were used to derive starting populations for this study. Using ResCu, we drove resistance to three ALK inhibitors: alectinib, lorlatinib, and ensartinib by using a clinically equivalent dose. The evolved cells were characterized for cross-sensitivity and resistance to a representative panel of 21 drugs. Cell viability was assessed by luminescence after 7 days of exposure to these secondary drugs. Additionally, BulkRNA Seq and WES were performed on the resistant evolved cells. Results: The ResCu system developed resistant cell populations by evolutionary steering of H3122 and H2228 cell lines treated with ensartinib, alectinib, and lorlatinib. Genetic background had a significant effect on which ALKi exhibited the most durable response. The H2228 derived cell population became resistant to alectinib and lorlatinib by 14 days while ensartinib remained effective for at least 42 days. In contrast, H3122 derived cells became resistant to all ALK inhibitors tested by 14 days. Rate of cross-resistance generation also varied between ALK inhibitors. Alectinib led to the highest levels of cross-resistance to other ALKi, approximately 3x higher. Lorlatinib led to highest levels of cross-resistance to other drug classes. Treatment with lorlatinib led to resistance in 13 other drug classes. Ensartinib led to least cross-resistance to ALKi and other drug classes. While the H3122 derived cells more rapidly evolved ALKi resistance, first line treatment with ensartinib sensitized them to lorlatinib, extending overall response to ALKi. Conclusions: The ResCu system developed two ALKi resistant cell populations from distinct genetic backgrounds under physiologically relevant conditions. In one of the two genetic background ensartinib response was durable for greater than 42 days compared to 14 days with alectinib and lorlatinib. Alectinib led to the most cross-resistance to other ALKi while lorlatinib led to the most cross-resistance to other drug classes in both backgrounds. Biomarkers of ALKi escape and cross-resistance were derived from RNA-seq, and we are currently validating these alterations against clinical samples.

Correlation of drug susceptibility testing on short term cultures of CTCs positively with clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer.

e21177 Background: Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is rapidly emerging as a minimally invasive and reliable technique for monitoring disease progression and patient’s response to treatment. However, its utility beyond enumeration in clinical management of cancer remains scarcely explored. Being biologically similar to both primary and secondary tumors, CTCs may help in identification of most efficacious therapies. In this study, we propose a method for short term culture of CTCs thereby allowing to evaluate the drug susceptibility testing in individual patients. Methods: We obtained peripheral blood samples from 20 advanced stage lung cancer patients undergoing treatment at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India. These blood samples were processed and cultured on ellipsoidal microwells maintained at hypoxic conditions (1% O2). The CTC clusters were seeded onto 96 well plates coated with Matrigel and treated with the same drug regimen as the respective patients. The viability of the cells was measured using CellTitre-Glo. Results: Of the 20 samples, tight cluster formation was observed in four samples and drug susceptibility testing was performed. Based on clinical treatment received, we treated CTCs with combination of pemetrexed and carboplatin at respective Cmax concentrations of 5.68 and 3.68 µg/ml. The combination drug treatment resulted in decreased viability of CTCs to 30.7%. Notably, the CT scan images demonstrated significant reduction of pleural effusion in patient following treatment with carboplatin and pemetrexed, thus correlating with our in vitro drug susceptibility finding. Conclusions: In this proof of concept study, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing in vitro drug susceptibility testing on CTCs as an approach to guide patient specific chemotherapeutic treatment approaches, thus opening avenues for personalized treatments.

Study Multiculturalism Based on The Koran

Multiculturalism is an understanding of differences, tolerance, mutual respect, and respect between human beings. Islam is a religion of Rahmatan Lil-Alamin throughout human life and the Qur’an is a guide for Muslims in it contains multicultural values. The importance of multicultural education is expected to be a solution to the reality of a diverse society both in terms of religion and culture as a potential development process that can appreciate the plurality and heterogeneity of religion, language, and culture. Philosophically, this multiculturalism departs from the assumption of human dignity and honor. And this principle is found in all the world's major religions. Because humans have a noble position, the rights attached to them must be respected and protected. The desecration and violation of these human rights are the suppression of universal humanity. To that end, there are several ways proposed by the Qur'an to respect differences and avoid conflict in a multicultural society. This paper aims to reveal the solution efforts of the Qur'an in realizing harmony in a multicultural society so that prolonged social friction does not arise.

Model of Productive Behavior of Public Elementary School Principals in Surabaya

This study aims to analyze the Productive Behavior Model of Public Elementary School Principals in Surabaya in terms of Psychological Capital and Organizational Culture with Public Service Motivation as a mediator. The approach used is a quantitative approach. Respondents in this study were 211 principals of public elementary schools in Surabaya. The data collection tool used is a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The data obtained were then analyzed using the SmartPLS 3.0 program. Testing the hypothesis with the PLS approach is carried out in two stages, namely testing the outer model and the inner model. The outer model test is carried out to prove the validity and reliability of all indicators for each variable. The inner model test is used to test the influence between variables according to the hypotheses previously set. The results showed (1) Psychological Capital has a direct and significant effect on productive behavior, (2) Psychological Capital has a direct and significant effect on Public Service Motivation, (3) Organizational Culture has a direct and significant effect on productive behavior, (4) Organizational Culture has a direct effect and significant to Public Service Motivation, (5) Public Service Motivation has a direct and significant effect on productive behavior, (6) Psychological Capital has an indirect effect on productive behavior through Public Service Motivation as a mediator.

Exploring the Role of Communication in Enhancing the Gastronomic Tourism Experience

This article highlights the increasing prevalence of gastronomic tourism, which emphasizes tasting local cuisine and experiencing local culinary culture. In terms of language, culture, and cuisine, the significance of effective communication in facilitating this experience is emphasized. The article explains that translation applications and social media are playing an increasingly significant role in how travellers communicate with natives. Effective communication is regarded as essential for a successful gastronomic tourism experience, as it enables tourists to interact with local communities and develop a deeper appreciation for culture and cuisine. Additionally, the article highlights the significance of sustainable and responsible gastronomic tourism policies, which can promote locally sourced and diverse cuisines, responsible consumption, and support local food producers and suppliers. Gastronomy is an essential element of a region's cultural heritage, and it has a substantial impact on tourism, job creation, and economic development. Gastronomy plays a significant role in attracting travellers and enhancing the overall tourism experience of destinations.

The Combined Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Galactomyces geotrichum Fermentation on the Aroma Composition of Sour Whey.

The increase in demand for food flavorings due to the shortening and simplification of food production technology also entails an increase in the demand for new technologies for their production. The biotechnological production of aromas is a solution characterized by a high efficiency, an independence from environmental factors and a relatively low cost. In this study, the influence of the implementation of lactic acid bacteria pre-fermentation into the production of aroma compounds by Galactomyces geotrichum on a sour whey medium on the intensity of the obtained aroma composition was analyzed. The monitoring of the culture in terms of biomass buildup, the concentration of selected compounds, and the pH resulted in the confirmation of interactions between the analyzed microorganisms. The post-fermentation product underwent a comprehensive sensomic analysis for the identification and quantification of the aroma-active compounds. The use of gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis and the calculation of odor activity values (OAVs) allowed 12 key odorants to be identified in the post-fermentation product. The highest OAV was found for phenylacetaldehyde with a honey odor (1815). The following compounds with the highest OAVs were 2,3-butanedione with a buttery aroma (233), phenylacetic acid with a honey aroma (197), 2,3-butanediol with a buttery aroma (103), 2-phenylethanol with a rosy aroma (39), ethyl octanoate with a fruity aroma (15), and ethyl hexanoate with a fruity aroma (14).

Comprehensive Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Assessment of the First Large-Scale Biogas Generation Plant in West Africa

More than 500 million people will be added to Africa’s cities by 2040, marking the largest urbanization in history. However, nonrenewable fossil energy sources are inadequate to meet Africa’s energy needs, and their overexploitation leads to intensified global warming. Fortunately, Africa has a huge potential for biomass energy, which will be an important option for combating climate change and energy shortage. In this study, we present a typical large-scale biogas plant in Burkina Faso, West Africa (Ouagadougou Biogas Plant, OUA), which is the first large-scale biogas generation plant in West Africa. The primary objective of OUA is to treat human feces, and it serves as a demonstration plant for generating electricity for feed-in tariffs. The objectives of this study are to assess the greenhouse gas reduction capacity and economic, environmental, and social benefits of OUA and to analyze the opportunities and challenges of developing biogas projects in Africa. As a result, the net economic profit of the OUA biogas plant is approximately USD 305,000 per year, with an anticipated static payback period of 14.5 years. The OUA plant has the capacity to treat 140,000 tons of human feces and 3000 tons of seasonal mixed organic waste annually, effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 5232.61 tCO2eq, improving the habitat, and providing over 30 local jobs. Finally, the development of biogas projects in Africa includes advantages such as suitable natural conditions, the need for social development, and domestic and international support, as well as challenges in terms of national policies, insufficient funding, technical maintenance, and social culture.

Integrating Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Training in Graduate Nursing Curriculum

Faculty in graduate nursing programs are being tasked with increasing content on diversity, equity, and inclusion into the curriculum. Previous experiences with health care, cultural bias, as well as societal events impact how health care is perceived by patients. Instilling the necessity for cultural humility into the curriculum is necessary to prepare nurse practitioners to deliver culturally appropriate care and reduce health care disparities. Focused foundational training on implicit biases, cultural awareness, important cultural terms, inclusive environments, and bystander intervention is an essential step to thread these concepts throughout the curriculum.