Human cooperation involves a set of interconnected behaviors that develop in conjunction with the cultural environment. Despite recent advances in Western, industrialized contexts, we know far less about how cooperative behaviors emerge across cultures, how normative environments shape their development, and how these behaviors relate to one another. Here, we examined the development of four cooperative behaviors-fairness, trustworthiness, forgiveness, and honesty-in children (N=413) aged 5 to 13 from five societies: urban United States, rural Uganda, Canada, Peru, and the hunter-horticulturalist Shuar of Ecuador. We also collected normative judgments from peers (N=163) and adults (N=86) of each community. We find substantial variation in cooperative behaviors and norms across populations, but, more generally, that children's behaviors and norms tend to converge toward community-specific norms in middle childhood. We also identify three cooperative strategies-maximization, generic cooperation, and partner-contingent cooperation-whose prevalence shifts with age and differs across societies. Together, these findings illuminate how cooperative behavior develops within and across cultures.

This study examines why Team USA athletes who had been publicly engaged in activism at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games largely refrained from protest at Paris 2024. Drawing on Sidney Tarrow's framework of contentious politics, it analyses political opportunities, networks, framing, and institutional environments to explain shifting patterns of athlete expression. Using a comparative qualitative design, the study synthesizes media statements, institutional documents, and policy communications from 2020–2024 to trace changes in the political and organizational context. Findings show that the decline of activism was not driven by new repression or formal rule changes but by the erosion of public legitimacy, institutional support, and collective framing infrastructures that once legitimized protest. The analysis extends Tarrow's framework by showing how athlete activism unfolds as institutionally embedded contention , shaped less by formal access to power than by the symbolic permission and elite endorsement that determine when expression is tolerated. The study concludes that athlete activism rises and falls with the institutional and cultural environments that make dissent possible.

Purposes The study investigated the intention of account executives from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to employ artificial intelligence at their workplace. This study will examine the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), as well as technological and personal characteristics, and the role of SME account executives in adopting artificial intelligence. This study addresses the knowledge gaps in SME account executives’ understanding of artificial intelligence. Methodology employed an online questionnaire distributed in collaboration with SMEs in Malaysia to gather responses from 273 account executives who work in SMEs. The data were analyzed using PLS-SEM and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to investigate SME account executives’ intentions to employ artificial intelligence. The demographic information of the individuals was analyzed using SPSS software. Results The study’s findings revealed positive and significant relationships between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, system quality, employee awareness, and personal innovativeness toward artificial intelligence. Insignificant relationships were found between time-saving features and technological self-efficacy, and a negative, significant relationship existed with internet technology (IT) features toward artificial intelligence. Limitation The cross-sectional approach focuses on SMEs in Malaysia, where the study’s applicability to other industries and countries is limited due to changes in the cultural, economic, and regulatory environment. Because participants may give socially acceptable answers rather than honest ones, using self-reported data raises the possibility of bias. Because inquiry assumes a certain level of knowledge with AI technology, respondents’ varying levels of digital competency may influence the findings. Practical implication The findings of this study can help SMEs adopt artificial intelligence for their operations, particularly in accounting departments. Collaboration among organizations can help improve employee motivation to increase intention to use artificial intelligence. Originality/value This study uses the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), technical qualities, and individual traits.

Background/Objectives: Mental health screening in athletes is an essential process to support well-being and sustainable performance. The Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) represents the ten-item triage step of the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool-1 (SMHAT-1), created by the International Olympic Committee. We aimed to gather relevant information concerning the validity of the APSQ in different cultural settings. Methods: The study was designed as a scoping review and included 19 articles from Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Articles were written in English and tested the APSQ validity. Results: Different studies used the original or the translated version of APSQ and tested its benchmarked validity against other validated questionnaires, ran confirmatory and exploratory analyses, test–retest stability, calculated diagnostic metrics, and internal consistency. Most studies agreed on the good internal consistency, with optimal Cronbach’s alpha values, test–retest reliability, three-factor solution, convergent validity with scales assessing distress, divergent validity with well-being scales as demonstrated by significant correlation coefficients. The cut-off showed good accuracy for anxiety and depressive symptoms in terms of AUC, sensitivity, and specificity, but, in some cases, a limited ability (based on the AUC) to detect sleep concerns, alcohol misuse, substance use, and disordered eating (as measured by BEDA-Q). Some authors suggested that using different cut-offs, including all questionnaires from SMHAT-1 Step 2, or using a clinical interview, might mitigate these concerns. Conclusions: Different cultural environments might influence the validity of APSQ. A structured translation and validation study is advised before implementing APSQ in a different language.

Objectives . In the context of the internationalization of higher education and the growing role of the Russian language as a means of professional communication in educational environments, the search for effective methodological solutions for teaching foreign students in technical disciplines has become particularly relevant. The aims of this study are twofold: to provide a scientific rationale for the methodological relevance of the communicative-aesthetic principle in teaching Russian as a foreign language to students of technical specialties; and to identify the impact of the communicative-aesthetic principle on the development of student speech culture and the formation of professional communication skills. Methods . The methodological framework includes a comparative analysis of existing pedagogical approaches which incorporate communicative and aesthetic elements, along with classroom observation in multilingual technical university settings. In order to ensure objectivity in the findings, elements of both quantitative and qualitative analysis of student responses and speech production were used. Results . The findings indicate that the application of the communicative-aesthetic principle enhances precision and motivation amongst students learning the Russian language aligned with literary norms. A number of observations were made including: increased interest in language learning; improved integration into the academic and cultural environment; and the development of speech aesthetics. All these factors contribute to the formation of a professionally relevant linguistic worldview. Conclusions . The communicative-aesthetic principle can be considered as an effective methodological tool in teaching Russian as a foreign language in technical universities. Its implementation enhances the educational potential of speech instruction and fosters the integration of aesthetic components into professionally oriented communication. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential application of the developed methodological recommendations in educational programs and teaching materials. A promising area for further research is the creation of didactic resources aimed at developing professionally oriented speech and fostering creative thinking among students.

This research investigated how school culture influences teachers’ job satisfaction across 19 secondary schools within the DepEd Schools Division of Siquijor. Anchored in Stoll and Fink’s School Culture Framework and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, the study explored the impact of various school culture types namely Moving, Cruising, Strolling, Struggling, and Sinking on teachers’ levels of job satisfaction. The findings underscore the critical role of school culture in shaping key organizational outcomes within the educational setting. The primary goal of this study was to assess the extent to which different cultural environments affect teachers’ overall job satisfaction. A descriptive correlational design was utilized, drawing data from teachers through a school culture assessment tool and a modified job satisfaction survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results show that Moving Culture stood out with a strong positive correlation to teachers’ job satisfaction. In contrast, Cruising Culture, Strolling Culture, and Struggling Culture all showed non-significant negative correlations. Finally, Sinking Culture shows the strongest negative correlation with teachers’ job satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of school culture in cultivating supportive and motivating work environments for teachers. The study recommends targeted interventions concerning culture enhancement strategies for schools exhibiting less desirable cultural characteristics to elevate teacher morale and institutional performance.

With the announcement and initial proposal for transformation of the Science System in Aotearoa, there is a generational opportunity to recognise and invest in Māori research centres as hubs of Māori research excellence. However, there is no explicit recognition of Māori research centres within this vision, despite literature consistently highlighting the need for greater Māori research capacity. This article uses a case study of Whakauae Research Services Ltd, a Ngāti Hauiti‐owned research organisation, to shine a light on how Māori research centres support Māori research capacity and capability. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 recipients of Whakauae support during their tertiary studies. Using reflexive thematic analysis, three themes were generated exploring how Whakauae supports tertiary students and supports Māori health research capacity and capability building: nurturing excellent researchers , cultural understanding and community‐driven purpose . These themes explore how Whakauae provides a unique lens to student support that differs from universities. Through focusing on practical skills, a supportive cultural environment and a shared vision for thriving Māori communities, Whakauae inspires and motivates emerging researchers. We argue that any sector‐level transformation needs to include specific recognition and resourcing of Māori research centres, as emerging powerhouses of Māori research and development.

Sensemaking in action: A multi-case study on the formation mechanism of high reliability teams in Chinese organizational contexts.

Background: Sexual harassment is a persistent social and public health problem, particularly in urban contexts where complex social interactions and power relations are prevalent. While existing research has largely centered on victims’ experiences, limited attention has been directed toward understanding the motivations and behavioral patterns of perpetrators, especially within the Indonesian sociocultural context. Objective: This study aimed to explore the motivations, behavioral processes, and cognitive patterns underlying sexual harassment perpetration based on perpetrators’ own perspectives in Bandung City, Indonesia. Methods: A qualitative study employing a phenomenological approach was conducted among individuals convicted of sexual harassment and currently serving sentences in a correctional facility in Bandung City. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes related to motivations, behavioral development, rationalization strategies, and moral awareness. Results: Six interrelated themes emerged from the analysis. Sexual harassment behavior was driven by internal psychological factors, including sexual desire, curiosity, emotional dysregulation, and low self-control. Social and cultural environments that normalized harassment reinforced these behaviors. Power imbalances between perpetrators and victims facilitated domination and reduced resistance. Harassing behaviors typically developed gradually, starting with minor boundary violations and escalating over time. Perpetrators employed cognitive rationalization and strategic risk management to justify their actions and avoid detection. Moral awareness and remorse varied and often emerged only after legal consequences were experienced. Conclusion: Sexual harassment perpetration is shaped by a complex interaction of individual, social, and structural factors. Understanding perpetrators’ motivations and behavioral patterns is crucial for informing comprehensive prevention strategies, rehabilitation programs, and policy development. Integrating perpetrator-focused education on consent, emotional regulation, and ethical behavior alongside victim-centered approaches is essential to effectively reduce sexual harassment

This study examines the professional conditions and job satisfaction of graduates in Korean traditional music and uses these findings to propose improvements and a practical framework for career education. An online survey (n=131) and follow-up interviews with five participants were conducted after IRB approval. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and qualitative responses were coded and thematically classified. Results show that participants were mostly women in their thirties and forties with graduate-level training, frequently working as freelancers or on temporary contracts, reflecting a flexible yet unstable employment structure. Job satisfaction was slightly above the midpoint (M=3.43), with artistic identity and pride rated highest and financial reward lowest. Qualitative insights further revealed challenges, including inconsistent income, administrative workload, limited institutional support, and insufficient digital skills. Based on these findings, a four-week program emphasizing economic literacy, self-branding, and digital competencies is proposed. This study contributes empirical evidence for refining career education within Korean music programs and offers a practical model to support professional sustainability in a rapidly evolving cultural environment.

This study examined that how sustainable leadership is responsible to the sustainable performance in higher education through sustainable culture as mediating phenomenon. Based upon quantitative survey of academics, results show that sustainable leadership is positively related to sustainable performance, that includes environmental prudence, social responsibility, & institutional sustainability. The relationship amid sustainable leadership and sustainable performance is mediated by sustainable culture implies that sustainable leadership practices based on ethical values, stakeholder engagement, and long-term thinking create the cultural environment that supports sustainable behaviors as well as decision-making throughout the institution. The results provide significant information by extracting the desired information for reaching the conclusion of the study. The findings emphasize the leading fact that sustainable performance is not merely the outcomes of leaders’ actions but it is reinforced when leaders develop the common cultural orientation of sustainability. The practical implications highlight the need to ensure that higher education institutions syndicate the sustainable leadership development with the cultural transformation strategies in efforts to produce the sustainable & long-term sustainability outcomes for success.

Objective of this study is to explore the culture shock experienced by Sudanese students studying at a university in Palembang, Indonesia, focusing on both students' psychological and sociocultural adaptation challenges and strategies when adapted to a new cultural environment. The method is qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through questionnaires and unstructured interviews to obtain a deeper exploration of students’ perspectives. As a result, the findings reveal that Sudanese students experienced the four stages of culture shock such as honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment. During the crisis stage, students reported difficulties related to language barriers, food, climate differences, and communication patterns with local students. Over time, in the recovery and adjustment stages, students gradually adapted by building social networks, improving language skills, and engaging in local cultural practices. Furthermore, this study offers novelty by integrating intercultural adaptation theories and exploring the under-researched experiences of African students in Indonesia by providing insights into how they enhance academic adaptability and sociocultural competence during classroom activities. The findings reveal that social adaptation strategies significantly improved students' English ability by encouraging actual language exposure, improving academic confidence, and promoting greater understanding and production of academic texts.

The Yongin Seori site not only revealed that the site began as a kiln producing celadon in the early Goryeo Dynasty, but also transitioned to producing early white porcelain. Furthermore, various physical evidence has provided insight into the nature of early white porcelain. Furthermore, the Yongin Seori site is the first brick kiln discovered in Korea, producing celadon and white porcelain from the mid-9th century to the 12th century. The site is considered a crucial site for elucidating the origins and development of Goryeo porcelain, as it also uncovered a well-defined archaeological deposit of waste. The Yongin Seori Jungdeok kiln site shares similar characteristics with the Wonsan-ri kiln site, as numerous vessels were excavated from the second layer of sedimentary deposits, corresponding to the pre-construction kiln period, and the third layer, representing the full-scale operation of the earthen kiln. However, the absence of the craftsman's inscriptions found at the Wonsan-ri kiln site highlights the early completion of celadon vessels, sufficiently large for use in royal tombs. This difference ultimately indicates that the Wonsan-ri site achieved the level of perfection required for early celadon vessels, even for royal tombs. Therefore, the Yongin Seori kiln site can be considered a test kiln, marking the beginning of ritual craftsmanship. In other words, a large-scale state-run porcelain kiln was established in the Seori area to produce ritual vessels needed by the royal family in the early Goryeo Dynasty. An examination of the fortress walls of the Yongin area and the maps of the Goryeo Dynasty reveals that transportation routes branched out around the Guseong area. All routes from Gaeseong and Namgyeong to the southern regions passed through Guseong. This demonstrates its strategic importance as the southern gateway to Gaeseong. The Yongin area, with its mountainous terrain and limited flatland, does not offer significant productivity. However, its strategic location afforded it the potential to become a hub for the exchange of people and goods. The administrative districts governing Yonggu County and Cheoin Bugok differ, with one being Gwangju Mok and the other being Suju (Suwon). While both regions are considered peripheral areas, far from the central administrative center, their shared geographic, cultural, economic, and transportation environments likely contributed to their merger into Yongin in the early Joseon Dynasty. In particular, from a ceramics perspective, the geographical proximity of the two regions likely facilitated the smooth maintenance of key elements of the industry, such as raw material and fuel supply, distribution, and transportation. However, it is believed that the operation of the Seori kiln in the early Goryeo period was primarily controlled by a higher-level state than the Suju, and that the production system shifted to a small-scale industrial system after the mid-Goryeo period. Ultimately, rather than being divided by administrative district, it would be more appropriate to recognize the Yongguhyeon and Cheoinbugok regions as integrated cultural and economic zones, a transportation hub in southern Gyeonggi Province, connecting Gaeseong and Namgyeong to the south of Chungcheong Province. This is especially true if the Yongin Seori Jungdeok kiln was a test kiln, as it would have been possible to transport large quantities of ceremonial vessels by land, rather than by water or sea to Gaeseong. There is a prevailing tendency to link the operation of the Seori kiln to local powers. However, if the royal family or other state had been directly involved in its operation, their intervention would have been impossible. The local seigneurs who controlled the surrounding area around Seori were merely consumers of the porcelain produced at the Seori kiln.

This article examines Jadidism as a cultural, educational, and social reform movement of the Muslim intelligentsia in Turkestan in the early twentieth century. The study explores the historical prerequisites for the emergence of Jadidism, its ideological foundations, and its principal areas of activity, including educational reform, the development of the periodical press, and the formation of a new cultural environment. Particular attention is paid to the leading figures of the Jadid movement and their contribution to the modernization of Muslim society, as well as to the resistance they encountered from traditionalist religious circles and the colonial administration of the Russian Empire. The article highlights the role of Jadidism in shaping national consciousness among the peoples of Turkestan and assesses its significance for subsequent socio-political and cultural transformations in the region. It is argued that Jadidism constituted a crucial stage in the cultural modernization of Central Asia and laid the foundations for the emergence of a modern national intelligentsia in the twentieth century.

The study presents a comprehensive analysis of semantic changes in Indian loanwords within the Russian language, employing a mixed-methods approach combining corpus linguistics and psycholinguistic experimentation. The research analyzes a systematically compiled dataset of 83 lexemes, examining their frequency, collocational behavior. To outline the cognitive representation in Russian consciousness 6 most frequent loanwords were subjected to a free-association experiment with 135 native speakers. Grounded in theoretical frameworks linking semantic change to cognitive factors, the study specifically investigates the roles of word frequency and concreteness.The principal findings reveal a clear dichotomy in assimilation patterns. High-frequency, concrete loanwords demonstrate remarkable semantic stability, largely retaining their original meanings and showing predictable collocational patterns. In contrast, abstract and low-frequency terms, particularly from religious and philosophical domains, undergo profound semantic reconceptualization. The key transformations identified include: secularization of sacred concepts, metaphorical extension and semantic widening, development of pejorative connotations, and cultural re-attribution where modern Western cultural references displace original Indian cultural contexts.The research confirms that loanwords follow the same cognitive principles of semantic change as native vocabulary, with frequency and concreteness being primary determining factors. Methodologically, the triangulation of corpus data with associative experiment results proved particularly valuable, capturing emerging semantic shifts not yet fully conventionalized in written texts. The study concludes that lexical borrowing represents an active process of cognitive and cultural adaptation rather than passive assimilation, fundamentally reshaping conceptual structures through interaction with the recipient language's cognitive and cultural environment. This research contributes to contact linguistics by providing an integrated framework for analyzing loanword assimilation across linguistic and cognitive dimensions.

As intangible cultural heritage (ICH) becomes increasingly visible in global cultural, creative, and digital markets, questions surrounding ownership, interpretation, and sustainable transmission have taken on new urgency. This article offers an integrated review of the evolving intersections among ICH, intellectual property protection (IPP), and globalization, with a specific focus on China—the world’s most active ICH-bearing nation. Drawing on legal scholarship, bibliometric studies, ethnographic research, and emerging digital-innovation literature, the study develops two analytical frameworks: a pathway model tracing how ICH is transformed into cultural intellectual property within domestic institutional settings, and a multi-level embedding model explaining how ICH is reinterpreted and reorganized in destination cultural and legal environments. Findings highlight three major tensions. First, the ontological mismatch between ICH and IP systems—most notably the conflict between the communal nature of heritage and the novelty requirements of patent law—generates persistent dilemmas around collective authorship, dynamic evolution, and cultural obligations. Second, cross-border dissemination produces both opportunities for global visibility and risks of cultural discount, symbolic dilution, and inequitable benefit-sharing. Third, while digitalization and generative AI provide novel modes of revitalization, they also raise concerns about data sovereignty, algorithmic appropriation, and community exclusion. The study argues that effective governance requires culturally sensitive IP strategies, participatory decision-making mechanisms, and ethical digital infrastructures that ensure the sustainability of living heritage. By bridging fragmented research strands, this article contributes a comprehensive theoretical and empirical foundation for understanding how Chinese ICH navigates the legal, cultural, and technological conditions of the global era.

The purpose of the research: The main purpose of this study is to systematize the impact of moral values on economic development through a multidimensional theoretical and empirical approach and to define the analytical boundaries of the concept of “moral values” within the context of economic behavior and institutional stability. The research aims to clarify how moral values manifest both in religious-ethical and socio-cultural dimensions, as well as to identify the indirect mechanisms through which these values influence economic activity and welfare indicators. The methodology of the research: Methodologically, the study is based on a ystematic literature review and comparative analysis. Through the literature review, theoretical and empirical studies examining the influence of moral and cultural factors on economic development were classified; through comparative analysis, differences in approach, conceptual similarities, and methodological boundaries among these studies were identified. The originality and scientific novelty of the research: The novelty of the study lies in integrating moral and cultural values not merely within the religious and ethical context but within the framework of a “cultural-moral software” that connects them to the behavioral and institutional foundations of economic activity. This approach analytically demonstrates the formative role of moral values in economic development through mechanisms such as cultural codes, social capital, and institutional environment.

Consumption economics education in children has an important role in shaping rational and responsible consumption mindsets and behaviors, Economic developments and advances in information technology have brought changes to people's consumption patterns, including adolescents. This study uses a qualitative design with a case study approach with a number of key informants and supporting informants as many as 40 people, key informants of junior high school students in Padang City as many as 28 people. The supporting informants are social studies teachers, parents and curriculum representatives with a total of 12 supporting informants. This research produced four themes, namely: (1) students' understanding of the concept of consumption economics (2) consumption behavior of junior high school students in daily life (3) The role of schools in consumption economics education (4) The role of the family in shaping children's consumption behavior, (5) The influence of the local social and cultural environment. The results of this study show that consumer economics education for junior high school students in Padang City has not been fully effective in shaping rational consumption behavior. There is a gap between understanding economic concepts and daily consumption practices. This condition reinforces the view that consumer economics education needs to be directed towards contextual learning and real-life experiences

Abstract: The topic of the article is the implementation of Urban linguistic landscape (ULL) studies in teaching philology students. The article focuses on an interdisciplinary project used to develop the language skills of the students and their analytical skills. Such tasks are adequate for multilingual and multicultural environment. By recording and analyzing examples from the ULL students explore various language combinations. English has an important role in our globalizing world because of its influence on other languages and combinations with different alphabets in the ULL. The advantages of ULL integration within philological education аre: 1. Combining language learning and learning about the language. 2. Students’ critical thinking is stimulated, as well as their analytical skills, as far as the motivation for the choice of English is concerned (following Sayer’s model). 3. The students’ attitudes and responses towards such project tasks are very positive as their productive language skills and their reflections on the cultural and linguistic environment are stimulated. Key words: urban linguistic landscape analysis, multilingualism, ELT.

This narrative review examines how critical thinking functions as the cognitive foundation ofintercultural competence in the context of globalization. Across major intercultural competence models and recentempirical studies, critical thinking skills such as analysis, evaluation, interpretation, and self-regulationconsistently align with the cognitive processes required for cultural reasoning, bias monitoring, and adaptivejudgment. Evidence shows that critical thinking enhances perspective-taking, reduces stereotyping, and supportsreflective, flexible engagement in diverse cultural environments.