Crystallographic Pattern Research Articles

Systematic evaluations and integration of Assam indigenous Joha rice starch in intelligent packaging films for monitoring food freshness using beetroot extract

It is becoming increasingly important to have starch sources with different physicochemical properties to meet the needs of new applications in food, packaging, bioplastic, and pharmaceutical industries. The first part of this study dealt with the isolation of starch from culturally, geographically, nutritionally esteemed, and high-yielding Assam Joha rice. Fine and uniform particle size (6.3 ± 0.09 μm), high amylose content (28 ± 1.03 %), swelling behavior, viscoelastic rheological behavior, moderate gelatinization temperature (66 ± 1.7 °C), thermostable nature, type A crystallographic pattern with high (45 ± 3.3 %) crystallinity, and suitable microbial quality make the Joha rice derived starch physico-chemically and functionally suitable for potential applications in diverse domains. The latter part of the study focuses on one of the applications of derived starch as a suitable matrix for intelligent packaging films with the incorporation of betanin-enriched beetroot extract (BRE) as a bio-based pH sensor. The addition of 1.0 % w/v BRE to the starch film (starch-BRE III) significantly increased its functionality by reducing UV–visible light transmittance and water vapor permeability, along with enhancing flexibility and hydrophobicity due to intermolecular bonding between BRE and the starch film matrix. Moreover, starch-BRE films with different BRE concentrations were successfully used to monitor the real-time freshness of white meat (chicken and fish) and Indian cottage cheese samples. Overall, the results indicated that starch-BRE III has great potential as an intelligent packaging material for monitoring food freshness.

Zygnema sp. as creator of copper oxide nanoparticles and their application in controlling of microbial growth and photo-catalytic degradation of dyes

Recently, focus has been placed on renewable sources, as they can be provided in large quantities at the lowest possible cost, in order to create nanoparticles. One of these sources is Zygnema moss which used in the present investigation to create Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). Several phenols and flavonoids were identified the extract of Zygnema sp. via analysis of High performance liquid chromatography. These constituents served as reducing and stabilizing agents for CuONPs. Characterization of CuONPs was performed via UV-visible spectrum that demonstrated peak at 252 nm, Transmission electron microscopy that showed spherical CuONPs with mean diameter of 30.06 nm, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that confirm that presence of several functional groups aided to formation of CuONPs. The crystallographic pattern of CuONPs was recorded via X-ray diffraction analysis. Antimicrobial potential of CuONPs was compared to copper acetate and antibiotic/antifungal drug. CuONPs exhibited more inhibition zones against S. aureus (32 ± 0.1 mm), E. coli (36 ± 0.1 mm), S. typhi (27 ± 0.2 mm), E. faecalis (37 ± 0.1 mm), C. albicans (34 ± 0.3 mm) than copper acetate and antibiotic/antifungal drug. Promising MIC values of were recorded against S. aureus, E. coli, and S. typhi. CuONPs at 200 ppm inhibited the growth of C. lunata, F. oxysporium, A. flavus, and Mucor circinelloid with inhibtion of 76.92, 73.33, 63.63, and 53.84%, respectively regarded the control 100% growth. The photocatalytic role of CuONPs was recorded for degradation of reactive red (RR195) and reactive blue (RB) dyes with maximum degradation of 84.66% and 90.82%, respectively at 75 min. Moreover, the optimal dyes degradation was 84.66 and 90.82%, respectively at 40 °C.

Ultrasonication-mediated formation of V-type lotus seed starch for subsequent complexation with butyric acid

V-type starches comprise single helical structures that can be complexed with other small hydrophobic molecules. The development of the subtypes of these assembled V-conformations is dependent on the helical state of the amylose chains during complexation, which is influenced by the pretreatment employed. In this work, the effect of preultrasonication on the structure and in vitro digestibility of preformed V-type lotus seed starch (VLS) and its potential for complexing with butyric acid (BA), was investigated. The results showed that ultrasound pretreatment did not affect the crystallographic pattern of the V6-type VLS. The optimal ultrasonic intensities increased the crystallinity and molecular ordering of the VLSs. With an increase in the preultrasonication power, the pores on the VLS gel surface decreased in size and were more densely distributed. The VLSs formed at 360 W were less vulnerable to digestive enzymes than their untreated counterparts. Additionally, their highly porous structures could accommodate numerous BA molecules, and thus generated inclusion complexes via hydrophobic interactions. These findings would provide valuable insights into the ultrasonication-mediated formation of VLSs and suggest their potential application as carriers for the delivery of BA molecules to the gut.

Structural Consequences of Post-Synthetic Modification of Cu2P3I2

In an attempt to widen the family of Phosphorus Metal Halides (MxPyXz) and enable new applications, post-synthetic modifications to the MxPyXz, Cu2P3I2 have been reported. While such a technique suggests access to an entirely new family of MxPyXz-based materials, we report, in this work, that the ion-exchange process seemingly influences important properties such as the crystallographic pattern and vibrational modes.

Cobalt oxide based inorganic-organic hybrid composite as novel anodic material for ultra-stable Li-ion battery

Energy demands for modern society with improved life quality are totally based on materials, which are fossils free to overcome the challenges affecting the health and climate. In the present work, a 3D hierarchical composite of Cobalt oxide@Copper Acetate@Benzenetricarboxylate (Co@CuAc@BTC) is prepared by using Cobalt oxide nanoparticles as a base material to act as an efficient anode material for LIBs. The coating of metallic organic frame work (MOF) of BTC and Cu(II)Ac alternatively, was applied through versatile layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly method. Presence of π-conjugated benzene rings in the composite was identified by analysis of FTIR. Face centered cubic crystal structure aligned with crystallographic pattern was confirmed by pXRD analysis. The surface morphology and elemental composition was predicted by SEM-EDS, Specific surface area through BET and the thermal stability through TGA analysis. Nyquist plots show that the charge transfer resistance Rct for composite is lower (377.2 Ω) comparative to Co-oxide Nps (590.2 Ω). Electrochemical studies showed that Co@CuAc@BTC composite, as an active anodic material for LIBs, exhibited a higher discharge capacity of 1380 mA h/g and remarkably good rate performance with a charge capacity of 1060 mA h/g at 100 mA/g with 78% (10% increase comparative to that of Co-oxide Nps) initial columbic efficiency. At 100th cycle material show 97% columbic efficiency with reversible capacity of 1064 mA h/g. outstanding electrochemical performance of Co@CuAc@BTC composite offers an easy, large-scale and low cost route to produce anode materials for LIBs.

FEATURES OF MICROCRYSTALLIZATION AND MINERALIZATION POTENTIAL OF ORAL FLUID IN 15-YEAR-OLD ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ANXIETY

Aim of the research. Study the features of microcrystallization of oral fluid in children; monitor the relationship between the level of anxiety, the type of microcrystallization and the mineralizing potential of children's oral fluid.
 Materials and methods. 75 adolescents aged 15 years of Ivano-Frankivsk region, which belongs to the regions with iodine deficiency in the environment, were examined. Among the examined teenagers there were 25 people with low, medium and high levels of anxiety. The morphological type of microcrystallization was studied by the method of dehydration of a drop of oral fluid. Evaluation of the level of mineralizing potential of saliva was carried out on a 5-point scale, taking into account the nature of crystal formation in three fields of vision, and the average value was calculated. The assessment of the psycho-emotional state was carried out on the basis of the results of questionnaires of children using the "Scale for assessing the level of reactive and personal anxiety" by Ch.D. Spielberger and Y.L. Khanina (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI).
 Results. The study of the crystallographic pattern of oral fluid of adolescents revealed the predominance of type II crystals (44.00±5.73% of cases). Crystals of the most favorable type I occurred in 30.67±5.32% of cases, and crystals of type III, the most unfavorable in prognostic relation to the occurrence of dental caries, occurred in 25.33±5.02% of cases. We have studied the type of oral fluid crystals in children, taking into account the level of anxiety. In the mixed saliva of children with a low level of anxiety, type I crystal formation predominated (52.00±9.99%). Crystal formation according to the second type was recorded in 40.00±9.80%, and according to the III type - in 8.00±5.43% of cases. In children with an average level of anxiety, the number of cases of observation of type II crystals did not change (40.00±9.80%). In addition, a 1.3-fold decrease in the specific gravity of type I crystals was noted from 52.00±9.99% to 40.00±9.80%, p˃0.05, resulting in 20.00±8.00 % of cases, type III crystals occurred in the oral fluid. In children with a high level of anxiety, the specific weight of type II crystals increased from 40.00±9.80% to 52.00±9.99%, p˃0.05, and the specific weight of type III crystals increased from 20.00±8.00 % to 48.00±9.99%, p<0.05. On the other hand, not a single case of crystal formation according to type I was recorded. In this group of children, extremely unfavorable type III crystals dominated in the oral fluid. The evaluation of the mineralizing potential of saliva revealed that its average value was 2.48±0.12 points. This testified to the satisfactory level of this indicator. We investigated the mineralizing potential of oral fluid in children, taking into account the level of anxiety. Among adolescents with a low level of anxiety, the MPS was rated as satisfactory, and the average value was the highest (3.04±0.16 points). In children with an average level of anxiety, the MPS was also satisfactory, but the average value was slightly lower - 2.76±0.21 points (р˃0.05). In adolescents with a high level of anxiety, the MPS had the lowest value (1.64±0.14 points), which was interpreted as low (р˂0.05). It was found that with an increase in the level of anxiety, there was a tendency to a decrease in the specific gravity of type I crystals, an increase in the specific gravity of type III crystals, and a decrease in the mineralizing potential of mixed saliva. The lowest indicators of mineralizing potential were at a high level of anxiety.
 Conclusions. Analysis of the morphological picture of mixed saliva in children with different psycho-emotional states showed that adolescents with a high level of anxiety in the oral fluid are predominantly type III crystals, and the mineralizing potential is low. Reduced mineralizing properties of oral fluid lead to demineralization with subsequent progression of the carious process. Therefore, there is a need for differential prevention measures for children with different psycho-emotional states.

Structures of Ca5(VO4)3Cl and Ca4.78(1)Na0.22(PO4)3Cl0.78: positions of channel anions and repulsion on the anion in apatite-type compounds

Single crystal specimens of apatite-type compounds Ca5(VO4)3Cl and Ca4.78 (1)Na0.22(PO4)3Cl0.78 were prepared with a flux-growth technique and their structures were examined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The anion channel is defined by a face-sharing array of nearly regular Ca octahedra, which run along c, together with flat O3 trigonal antiprisms that are concentric with the Ca octahedra and highly oblate in [001]. The position of the channel anion in Ca5(VO4)3Cl is split into two at [0, 0, ±0.1691 (6)] with half occupancies. Dynamic disorder among these two positions is suggested from a saddle-shaped electron density distribution through the Ca regular triangle, i.e. the shared face of the Ca octahedra at z = ¼. The position of Cl− was too close to Ca2+ under bond-valence consideration. This is due to repulsion on Cl− from the flat O3 trigonal antiprism which is located at z = 0, namely, in between pairs of split Cl site positions. Ca4.78 (1)Na0.22(PO4)3Cl0.78 crystallizes as a disordered hexagonal structure in which the crystallographic pattern is not an intermediate state but a projection of two distinct halves of the monoclinic pattern [doubled in b; Mackie, Elliot & Young (1972). Acta Cryst. B28, 1840–1848] in one hexagonal cell. In spite of quite different environments, the bond-valence sums for Cl− in these structures are large and similar to each other. The repulsion between O2− and Cl− and a demand for keeping Ca2+ and Cl− apart are balanced at the positions where bond-valence sums for Cl− are around 1.2.

Effect of the grain arrangements on the thermal stability of polycrystalline nickel-rich lithium-based battery cathodes

One of the most challenging aspects of developing high-energy lithium-based batteries is the structural and (electro)chemical stability of Ni-rich active cathode materials at thermally-abused and prolonged cell cycling conditions. Here, we report in situ physicochemical characterizations to improve the fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanism of charged polycrystalline Ni-rich cathodes at elevated temperatures (e.g., ≥ 40 °C). Using multiple microscopy, scattering, thermal, and electrochemical probes, we decouple the major contributors for the thermal instability from intertwined factors. Our research work demonstrates that the grain microstructures play an essential role in the thermal stability of polycrystalline lithium-based positive battery electrodes. We also show that the oxygen release, a crucial process during battery thermal runaway, can be regulated by engineering grain arrangements. Furthermore, the grain arrangements can also modulate the macroscopic crystallographic transformation pattern and oxygen diffusion length in layered oxide cathode materials.

How fluid-mediated rock transformations can mimic hydro-fracturing patterns in hydrothermal dolomite

Numerous studies of hydrothermal dolomite bodies describe brecciated rocks characterized by dark angular fragments of dolomicrite bounded together by saddle dolomite crystals forming veins. Often associated with ore deposits, these hydrothermal dolomite breccia (HDB) patterns are usually interpreted as related to hydro-fracturing and so are considered as univocal markers of fluid overpressure. In this contribution we report an occurrence of typical HDB pattern in a dolomitized sedimentary breccia related to Mesozoic hyper-extension located in the Northern Pyrenees (France). We propose a model that accounts for the textural and crystallographic patterns of a HDB, without any fluid overpressure. The following observations lead us to propose that this HDB results from texturally controlled, hydrothermal fluid-initiated recrystallization of the initial sedimentary breccia by grain boundary migration: (1) the occurrence of rough contacts between the dolomite crystals and an initial dolomitized sedimentary breccia structure; (2) the crystallographic pattern of the hydrothermal dolomite; (3) the different grain size distribution in HDB texture and initial breccia structure; (4) the spatial distribution of oxide particles. Our alternate interpretation was further tested by 2D numerical simulations of the replacement process using the ‘ELLE’ modelling toolbox. Simulations confirm that advection of hot fluids along porous zones can locally trigger recrystallization by grain boundary migration, a replacement of the initial breccia texture and a preservation of larger, less permeable and cold fragments. We propose key features in textural evidence to assess whether HDB texture is pinpointing towards episodes of fluid overpressure and fracturing in carbonates, or if it rather is related to fluid-mediated rock recrystallization.

Double charge polarity switching in Sb-doped SnSe for enhanced thermo-electric power generation

The pristine and antimony (Sb) doped tin selenide (SnSe) has been prepared by vacuum melting followed by ball milling process. The crystallographic pattern of both doped and undoped samples shows the formation of orthorhombic SnSe without any impurities. The influence of Sb on SnSe were confirmed from Projected Density of States (PDOS) and electron density analysis. The Elemental Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA) technic used to confirm the presence of Sn, Se and Sb elements along with homogenous distribution. HR-TEM micrographs reveal highly crystalline nature of the samples as well as the formation of defects and distinguishable grains and grain boundaries, which helps to reduce the thermal conductivity of 10 wt% Sb doped SnSe samples to 0.55 W/mK at 600 K. Seebeck coefficient analysis has been discloses the double charge polarity switching in Sb substituted samples. Thus, 10 wt% Sb doped SnSe samples achieved a comparable negative Seebeck coefficient with respect to pristine SnSe, which can be a breakthrough in thermoelectric devices.

Functional and Structural Characterization of Melanin from Brevibacillus invocatus Strain IBA.

Melanin is a polyphenol or indolic dark brown to black pigment of macromolecules that has a variety of biological functions including UV defence, desiccation, and oxidation. The pigment is classified as a heterogenic polymer. Analytical characterization of melanin can be difficult due to its heterogeneity. In this study, a newly isolated strain of Brevibacillus invocatus strain IBA capable of extracellular melanin production was grown on nutrient agar and the bacteria were molecularly identified. Chemical and physical methods were used to characterize melanin. The solubility of melanin in organic and inorganic solvents was used to characterise it chemically. According to the UV-visible wavelength scan, physical characterization revealed absorption in the UV region 200 to 300 nm, but declining towards the visible region. Functional group identification of extracted melanin was carried out by FTIR with different stretching vibrations at 3226, 2920, 2849, 1628, 1555, 1340 cm-1 and weak absorption bands at 1104 and 1015 cm-1. Structural characterization was carried by SEM of extracted melanin which showed irregular shape and size at different magnifications. The crystallinity of melanin was studied using X-ray crystallography, with a lattice parameter of approximately a = 8.54. The XRD spectrum of the extracted melanin crystallographic pattern revealed peaks at 2θ = 27.32, 31.66, 45.41, 53.84, 53.84, 56.44, 66.18, 73.10, 75.26, and 83.94, which correspond to reflections (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (400), (331), (420), and (422), respectively. The analytical methods available for melanin analysis are largely complementary, providing detailed knowledge required to draw reliable conclusions about the sample under investigation.

Crystallographic Pattern Mediates Fungal Nanoadhesion Bond Formation on Titanium Nanotubes.

The development of nanoadhesion bonds at the cell–material biointerface has been considered as a current prospective mechanism of microbial adhesion and colonization. However, there is a tremendous lack of evidence for the rational design of outstanding antifungal nanoconfigured materials. Therefore, extending our previous insights of evidence, we found that blocking the adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans on NTs requires the inhibition of fungal nanoadhesion bonds. This work reports a concept for understanding the antifungal behavior of the crystallographic phase for anatase (NTs-annealed) and amorphous NTs. Herein, we demonstrated that the crystallographic orientation is a predominant parameter to reduce C. albicans, over the surface roughness and chemistry. We showed that the anatase phase conducted to an invasive phenotype, cellular envelopment insertion, followed by the improved cellular spread. Meanwhile, the amorphous configuration imposed reduced nanoadhesion bonds mainly appreciated over the mouths of the NTs, as revealed by cross sectioning. Moreover, our results showed that under fungal conditions, the experimental materials could reduce the surface energy. This work highlights that the crystallographic pattern predominantly controls the antifungal activity of NTs. The evaluated systems proposed that the NTs-annealed conducted an optimized insertion of fungal cells. Nonetheless, amorphous NTs inhibited the deposition of C. albicans via blocking the insertion and the development of nanoadhesion bonds, without morphology aberrations. The present discoveries can further inspire the rational design of upgraded nanoconfigured surfaces with noteworthy antifungal characteristics for antimicrobial coating technologies.

Physicochemical and structural characterization of starches from Andean roots and tubers grown in Colombia.

The preservation of Andean roots and tubers (ART) depends on the recognition of their health-promoting and nutritional metabolites and their transformation into other products such as starches. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical and structural properties of native starches obtained from Canna edulis K., Oxalis tuberosa M., and Ipomoea batatas L. from the Colombian Andean agroecosystem. The physicochemical properties of starches were determined by traditional methods of analysis. The thermal properties were determined by gravimetric thermal analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the structural characteristics were studied with X-ray diffractometry and infrared spectrometry. The ART showed a starch yield of between 53.3% and 75.4% (dry basis) and amylose content between 28.4% and 35.6%. Starches from I. batatas showed the highest percentage of amylose, lowest gel clarity, lowest water absorption index, and highest gel temperature. X-ray diffractograms showed a type A crystallographic pattern for I. batatas starch, and a type B pattern for C. edulis and O. tuberosa starches, while infrared spectra (FTIR-ATR) corroborated the structural characteristics of each type of starch. The results suggest that starches from Andean resources can be used as a substitute for traditional starches from corn and potato. In addition, their amylose content makes them potential sources of resistant starch and dietary fiber.

Investigation on structural, optical and electrical nature of pure and Cr-incorporated cobalt oxide nanoparticles prepared via co-precipitation method for photocatalytic activity of methylene blue dye

Spinel-type cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles have been the subject of great deliberations for material scientists in the recent tenner, owing to their favorable and distinct combination of its thermal and optical properties. Cobalt oxide nanocrystalline powder was synthesized by a lucid co-precipitation technique maintained at low calcination temperature. Pure and different concentrations of chromium-doped cobalt oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by adding various concentrations of chromium nitrate to cobalt nitrate. The crystalline size of the as-synthesized sample was found to be decreasing on increasing the chromium concentration as dopants in ranging ratios outlined by powder X-ray diffraction and portraits the crystallographic pattern formed as a salient peak at (311). The stretching bands from the range 400–4000 cm−1 were substantiated from FTIR spectra confirming the spinel structure. Two broad absorbance peaks of energy bandgap were observed in Co3O4 nanoparticles and optical bandgap was further estimated using Tauc & Davis–Mott relation. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image indicates the sphere-like morphology. The dielectric property of the samples was studied in the frequency at room temperature also the electronic properties like valence electron plasma energy, Penn gap, and Fermi energy was calculated the AC conductivity due to the narrow size distribution of grains was also displayed. The synthesized chromium-doped cobalt oxide was studied for its application in photocatalytic degradation of organic Methylene Blue (MB) dye under visible light illumination.

Pasting properties modeling and comparative analysis of starch exposed to ionizing radiation

The paper presents a comparative analysis and the modeling of the behavior of the viscosities associated with the pasting profile of starches subjected to ionizing radiation processing in the range of 0–20 kGy. The study was performed using both experimental data reported in literature over the last decade and the authors’ experimental data. Thus, a mathematical model describing the exponential decrease of the viscosities as the increasing of irradiation dose was proposed. As a result, the values of irradiation dose specific to each starch for each viscosity of pasting profile were determined. These specific irradiation doses are strongly related to the starch sensitivity to irradiation, being influenced by the native starch characteristics (moisture, content, amylose proportion, relative crystallinity and crystallographic pattern). The verification of the model was performed by new experiments of electron beam irradiation on maize starch with irradiation doses up to 20 kGy at a dose rate of 2 kGy/min. Also, an algorithm for the practical use of the developed model and the specific irradiation dose was described.

Adsorption of soluble Pb(II) by a photocrosslinked polysaccharide hybrid: A swelling-adsorption correlation study

A biosorbent for adsorption of soluble, inorganic Pb(II) was prepared through a photocrosslinking of a mixture of xanthan gum and guar gum at various mass ratios. The polysaccharide mixes were irradiated using UV A in presence of benzophenone. Chemical crosslinks were formed which led to a controlled swelling of the polysaccharide mix (swelling ratio <20%), referred as crosslinked hybrid in the text. The hybrids were characterized for microstructure, rheology, surface area and surface charge behavior. Interesting changes in crystallographic pattern, both in the pre and the post adsorption stages, was investigated using x-ray diffraction technique. Adsorption efficiency was estimated in respect of blend composition, adsorbate-adsorbent concentration and pH under competitive and non-competitive conditions. A correlation between the swelling of the crosslinked hybrid and the metal adsorption was drawn at various pH to elucidate an interaction between the two phenomena.

Pathology markers in the peripheral area of oral fluid facies in patients with biomineralopathology

The authors studied the peculiarities of crystallographic pattern of the oral fluid facies in patients with biomineralopathology against the background of paradontium inflammatory diseases and in patients with the massive deposits of dental scale (aged from 22 to 60 years) by means of wedge dehydration. The control group consisted of the patients with paradontium inflammatory diseases without the massive deposits of dental scale. The authors identified the characteristics of peripheral area of the oral fluid facies, pathognomonic for each kind of biomineralopathology: urinary stone disease – predominantly straight cracks; gallstone disease – mainly branched cracks with 1, 2, 3 nodes; sialolithiasis – predominantly arcade cracks. Based on the obtained data, the authors developed the criteria for diagnostics of urinary stone disease, gallstone disease and sialolithiasis in dental patients with paradontium inflammatory diseases.

Alternative route for LiFePO4 synthesis: Carbothermal reduction combined with microwave-assisted solid-state reaction

LiFePO4 was synthesized via a microwave-assisted solid-state reaction. The precursors LiOH·H2O, FePO4·4H2O, glucose, and graphite were first subjected to carbothermal reduction at 200°C during 3h and subsequently calcined under microwave irradiation at 800W for very short times varying from 1 to 5min. The products obtained at different microwave calcination times were systematically investigated through thermal (TGA-DTG and DSC), structural (XRD), morphological (SEM), and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) analyses. The best results were attained for the product obtained at the microwave calcination time of 3min: smallest particle size (majority in the range of 100–150nm), crystallographic pattern of LiFePO4 and some by-products, and voltammetric profile characteristic of LiFePO4. Thus, the here-presented synthesis methodology implies a significant reduction in processing time while yielding LiFePO4 nanoparticles with good electrochemical activity for the Li ion intercalation process.

Abstracts from The Aerosol Society Drug Delivery to the Lungs 26 Edinburgh International Conference Centre Edinburgh, Scotland, UK December 9-11, 2015.

Abstracts from The Aerosol Society Drug Delivery to the Lungs 26 Edinburgh International Conference Centre Edinburgh, Scotland, UK December 9-11, 2015.

Physicochemical and structural evaluation of alkali extracted chickpea starch as affected by γ-irradiation

In this study, starch isolated from chickpea was exposed to gamma-irradiation at 0, 4, 8 and 12kGy doses. The irradiated starches were evaluated for their physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties. The results revealed significant (p≤0.05) reduction in apparent amylose content, swelling power, turbidity, syneresis, L (lightness) value, and pasting parameters whereas solubility and b (yellowness) value increased with increase in irradiation dose. X-ray diffraction showed C-type of crystallographic pattern. Relative crystallinity (RC) of irradiated starches was different at different irradiation doses. Prominent changes were recorded in the FT-IR spectra of irradiated starch samples with respect to intensity and shifting of major bands in specific regions. Analysis of O − H and C − H stretches, bending mode of water and glycoside bonds of irradiated starches revealed marked decrease in their absorbance intensities. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cracking and clumping of starch granules at elevated doses of gamma-irradiation. Radiation doses were negatively correlated to swelling power, pasting parameters (peak viscosity, hold viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity and pasting temperature), turbidity, syneresis and apparent amylose content except solubility.