Aiming to meet the critical need for user-friendly and sensitive clinical analysis platforms, an all-in-capillary SERS analytical system integrated with a visible-light-enhanced nanozyme for highly sensitive and convenient biomarker detection was developed. The system employs a hierarchical tandem heterojunction (TiO2/MoS2/CoFe2O4) as a peroxidase-like nanozyme, which significantly enhances separation and transfer of photogenerated charges under visible light. This nanozyme catalyzes the oxidation of leucocrystal violet to crystal violet, generating a characteristic Raman signal at 923 cm-1. To ensure analytical reliability, the inner wall of the capillary was modified with TiO2 as an internal standard, enabling signal self-calibration. This integrated platform allows direct sampling of finger blood without any pretreatment, performing all-in-capillary SERS detection. The proposed method achieves ultrasensitive detection of Alzheimer's disease biomarker Aβ1-42, with a wide linear range of 1.0 × 10-3 to 1.0 × 10-7 μg/mL, a low detection limit of 0.089 pg/mL, and satisfactory recovery of 94.3%-101% in human serum. The method was successfully applied to clinical serum samples from Alzheimer's patients and controls of different groups, revealing statistically significant differences in Aβ1-42 levels. Furthermore, the results showed excellent agreement with those obtained by the reference ELISA method, demonstrating high accuracy and practical applicability of our assay for early diagnosis and population screening. By combining rational nanozyme design with a miniaturized and calibration-free sampling interface, this work provides a streamlined bioanalytical strategy with great potential for point-of-care testing in early disease diagnosis.

The misuse of antibiotics has led to the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, posing a significant threat to global health. The shortcoming of new antibiotics with novel mode of action augments this challenge. Nanoparticles, particularly synthesized through green synthesis methods, have emerged as promising agents to combat the growing issue of MDR. The current study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using seed extract from the traditional medicinal herbaceous plant Phyllanthus maderaspatensis (PM). AgNPs were synthesized by mixing the PM seed extract (PMSE) with 3 mM silver nitrate at 80°C for 15min, followed by precipitation using acetone and drying at 70°C. Characterization of the derived AgNPs with UV spectroscopy resulted absorption maximum at 430nm. FTIR analysis revealed the capping of functional moieties such as alcohol, amine, aldehyde, alkene and halo to their surfaces. SEM and TEM analysis disclosed the spherical and quasi-spherical shaped nanoparticles, with smooth surface and notable lattice fringes appearance. The size of AgNPs ranges from ~ 5nm to ~ 78nm in diameter. The synthesised nanoparticles happen to be highly stable as deduced via mean zeta potential of -37.9 mV. XRD and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the synthesized AgNPs conforms the presence of silver in the synthesised nanoparticles. The antimicrobial potential of the synthesized AgNPs against different bacterial strains provides minimum inhibitory concentration values as low as 150 to 225µg/mL. Additionally, the AgNPs also exhibited outstanding anti-biofilm capabilities. Crystal violet uptake assay and light microscopy studies indicates that membrane disruption contributes to their bactericidal effect. Altogether, the utilization of PMSE as a reducing agent holds promise as a cost-effective, scalable, and eco-friendly alternative to traditional AgNP synthesis methods. This PMSE derived AgNPs demonstrate strong potential for broad applications namely in agriculture for management of PM seeds and across medicine such as development of anti-bacterial coating or as an active ingredient in wound dressing.

ABSTRACT Marine biofouling adversely affects the operational performance of marine infrastructure. A promising solution to this challenge involves fabricating PET fibers with inherent antifouling properties via chemical bonding. Inspired by the design concept that zwitterionic structures can form highly ordered hydration layers via electrostatic interactions, thereby reducing foulant adhesion, this study proposes a strategy for developing marine antifouling PET fibers. By grafting primary amine‐terminated sulfobetaine onto PET fibers, grafted fibers with antifouling capabilities were obtained. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to examine the adhesion of algae and proteins on the fiber surfaces. The results demonstrated that the grafted fibers exhibited significant resistance to algal and protein attachment, along with effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Furthermore, colorimetric crystal violet assays confirmed the inhibitory effect of the grafted fibers on biofilm formation. The development of this novel antifouling PET fibers offer a potential approach to addressing biofouling issues in deep‐sea aquaculture cages.

An eco-friendly mesoporous silica gel (SG) was synthesized from raw Tunisian sand and evaluated for the adsorption of the toxic crystal violet (CV) dye from water. The SG was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, N2 physisorption, TGA, and ZP. Structural analysis confirmed an amorphous phase and identified surface silanol (Si-OH) groups. The material exhibited a highly porous morphology and a pure SiO2 composition. N2 physisorption analysis revealed a high specific surface area of 103 m2/g and a mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter of 19nm. ZP measurements confirmed a negative surface charge, thereby promoting the uptake of CV. Effective adsorption conditionswere identified as pH 10, an adsorbent dosage of 0.05g, and a contact time of 30min. Equilibrium isotherms were well described by both Langmuir and Freundlich models, with a maximum uptake of 164mg/g. The adsorption kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The SG demonstrated remarkable stability, retaining 84% over three consecutive cycles.These findings confirm that the derived SG is reliable and stable, highlighting the successful valorization of natural sand for environmental remediation.

This study investigated the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of essential oils (EOs) extracted from cultivated Origanum compactum (Benth.) from two provenances (Chaouen and Toufliht) under arid Mediterranean conditions over two years. EOs, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity was tested against six bacterial strains using diffusion and microdilution assays, while synergistic effects with ampicillin, kanamycin, and streptomycin were assessed by the checkerboard method. Biofilm inhibition and eradication were evaluated by the crystal violet assay. Chemical profiles were dominated by carvacrol (34.3-81.48%), p-cymene (3.44-24.21%), and γ-terpinene (0.02-29%). All EOs exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with Toufliht oils showing the lowest MICs (0.020-0.313 mg/mL). Synergistic and additive interactions (FICI ≤ 1) were observed, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. Notably, Toufliht EO, with the highest carvacrol content, achieved strong biofilm inhibition (84.95%) and eradication (79.21%), representing a promising natural alternative to counter microbial resistance.

The rising concerns regarding the discharge of waste effluents and their side effects in our environment has ignited the minds of different researchers for finding feasible, economic and practical ways to mitigate the ongoing alarming issue. Several harmful organic dyes, pharmaceuticals and nitro-aromatic compounds etc. constitute the key harmful toxic contributors often found in the industrial wastes. This manuscript proposes the compositing of novel cauliflower leaves waste derived biochar (CF) with porous zinc-based metal organic framework (ZIF-8). The study of the crystalline planes, surface morphology, composition of different elements and optical features of the CF-ZIF-8 composite was examined through different analytical characterization methods including PXRD, TEM, FE-SEM, EDS, XPS, UV-DRS and PL analysis. The influence of the synergistic beneficial aspects of both the materials helped to boost the photocatalytic degradation performance of the CF-ZIF-8 catalyst with 92 ± 1.57% removal of victoria blue (VB) and 89 ± 1.21% removal of craystal violet (CV) and their degradation obeyed the first-order kinetics. The catalyst exerted a maximum degradation performance at an optimized catalyst dosage of 18mg, starting dye concentration of 30 ppm and pH 10. Under optimized conditions, the degradation rate constant for decomposition of VB and CV were 0.0474min-1 and 0.0454min-1 respectively. Moreover, from the scavenger analysis and PL investigations it was confirmed that the ·OH and ·O2- radicals were the key contributors for the photocatalytic breakdown of both the organic pollutant molecules. The CF-ZIF-8 catalyst also showed good sustainability as there was very little decline of the degradation efficiency until the fourth catalytic run and the intact of the crystalline structure revealed by the PXRD analysis with no appreciable changes in the PXRD pattern of the recycled catalyst.

Construction of aerogel-based composite photocatalytic materials is an effective way to completely eliminate pollutants in water. However, uniform dispersion of photocatalyst nanoparticles in porous aerogels and how to achieve efficient adsorption/photocatalysis synergy still face challenge. In this study, we have successfully addressed the challenge of achieving uniform loading of TiO2 photocatalyst nanoparticles in aramid nanofiber (ANF) aerogels using silica aerogel powder (SAP)-assisted dispersion, which significantly broadens the spectral response range of TiO2. The as-prepared ANF composite aerogel fibers exhibited excellent properties, such as low shrinkage (13.7%), high porosity (94.8%), and a high specific surface area (238.033 m2/g). Moreover, the as-prepared ANF/SAP/TiO2@TiOSO4 (M-TAST) composite aerogel film by using TiOSO4 aqueous solution as coagulation bath achieved a synergistic effect of internal/external photocatalysis, with further improved carrier separation and migration ability, and effectively inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Thus, the as-prepared ANF-based composite aerogel film demonstrated excellent adsorption/photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and organic dyes. In particular, the degradation efficiency of crystal violet (CV) reached 98% in 10 min, significantly outperforming P25. Additionally, the film also exhibited good photocatalytic performance within the pH range of 2-10 and excellent recycling stability. This unique photocatalyst loading strategy is crucial for achieving adsorption and internal/external photocatalysis synergy, and the constructed M-TAST composite aerogel film shows a promising prospect for application in environmental purification.

Seaweed-polystyrene composites reinforced with dye-loaded seaweed: structural characterization following batch adsorption of methylene blue, crystal violet, and malachite green

This work reports the synthesis and photocatalytic performance of TiO2–MgO/kaolinite nanocomposites for the degradation of crystal violet (CV) and butyraldehyde under UV irradiation. MgO incorporation enhanced charge separation by limiting electron–hole recombination, while the halloysite-type kaolinite support increased surface area and improved dispersion of the active phases. The materials exhibited strong synergy between adsorption and photocatalysis, as the clay support pre-concentrated pollutants and facilitated their rapid degradation. The composite containing 10 wt% MgO (TK10) showed the highest efficiency, achieving 99.8% CV removal and outperforming commercial P25. The catalyst also demonstrated efficient degradation of gaseous butyraldehyde, highlighting its dual applicability for water and air purification. Kinetic analysis indicated a pseud-second-order adsorption mechanism, and isothermal data fitted the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. The TK10 composite showed excellent stability and reusability over multiple cycles, underscoring its potential as a cost-effective and environmentally benign photocatalyst for integrated environmental remediation.

The development of multifunctional nanomaterials provides new opportunities to address both environmental and biomedical challenges. In this study, SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using Foeniculum vulgare seed extract and subsequently incorporated into independently synthesized polypyrrole (APS-mediated oxidative polymerization) to obtain PPy-SnO2 nanocomposites. Comprehensive structural, optical and morphological analyses, including FTIR, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, SEM-EDS, HRTEM, DLS, zeta potential, and BET, confirmed the successful formation of the nanocomposites and the uniform incorporation of SnO2 within the PPy matrix. The PPy-SnO2 nanocomposites demonstrated significant adsorption performance for crystal violet, achieving 92% removal under optimized conditions, including pH 7, a dye concentration of 10 ppm, 50 mg adsorbent, and 50 °C for 150 min. Adsorption behaviour followed a pseudo-2nd-order kinetic model, and a maximum capacity of 162.6 mg g−1 estimated from the Langmuir isotherm was achieved. The antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays in methanol and hexane showed higher radical scavenging efficiency in methanol, achieving 90.8% inhibition at 800 µg mL−1. PPy-SnO2 consistently outperformed pure polypyrrole, indicating the significant role of SnO2 in enhancing electron-transfer-based scavenging. Overall, these results highlight the PPy-SnO2 NCs as an effective dual-application material that combine strong antioxidant properties with high-efficiency dye removal to provide a sustainable approach for environmental remediation.

Mechanistic insights into selective removal of Cu(II) and gentian violet by tea residue-modified LDHs

Eriobotrya japonica-derived TiO₂-carbon dot/Fe₃O₄-chitosan hybrid nanocomposite for adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of crystal violet.

Synthesis of flexible SERS sensing platform of graphene/Ag-popcorns/ PMMA for ultrasensitive detection.

Xanthated Arbutus Pavarii leaves as a novel biosorbent for methyl violet 6B: A comparative nonlinear regression approach for kinetic isotherm, and thermodynamic modeling

Green synthesized ZnO-Ag functionalized electrospun PAN nanofibers for efficient crystal violet dye removal: A combined experimental and computational approach

Toward plant-based therapeutics: Unravelling the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum-sensing actions of Acacia saligna extract.

3D hollow structure of sodium lignosulfonate-modified Mg/Al-LDHs: A novel and efficient adsorbent for crystal violet removal

Development of a light-induced gas phase nitric oxide generator and its use in killing biofilm bacteria in vitro and ex vivo.

Development of chitosan-functionalized PLGA/alginate polymeric nanoparticles for controlled doxycycline release in pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

Biofilm growth is insufficient to retain large buoyant microplastics in constructed wetlands.