Cruise Passengers Research Articles

The first 2 months of COVID-19 contact tracing in the Northern Territory of Australia, March-April 2020.

The Northern Territory (NT) Centre for Disease Control (CDC) undertook contact tracing of all notified cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) within the Territory. There were 28 cases of COVID-19 notified in the NT between 1 March and 30 April 2020. In total 527 people were identified as close contacts over the same period; 493 were successfully contacted; 445 were located in the NT and were subsequently quarantined and monitored for disease symptoms daily for 14 days after contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case. Of these 445 close contacts, 4 tested positive for COVID-19 after developing symptoms; 2/46 contacts who were cruise ship passengers (4.3%, 95% CI 0.5-14.8%) and 2/51 household contacts (3.9%, 95% CI 0.5-13.5%). None of the 326 aircraft passengers or 4 healthcare workers who were being monitored in the NT as close contacts became cases.

Selecting a coastal cruise port of call location in mainland China using the AHP method

Increasing needs of mass tourism give the cruise industry opportunity to booming rapidly. The remarkable contribution of the cruise industry makes the port cities incorporate cruise tourism into development strategy. Whether a cruise port was included in the cruise lines’ itineraries design will directly affect the profitability and survival of the port. As the contribution to cruise ports and hinterland cities, it is necessary to analyze the factors that affect the selection of cruise ports and design of itineraries. In contrast to ocean cruising, the coastal cruise market is rarely addressed in the academic literature. Particularly, there is a substantial gap regarding the changes taking place in the China coastal cruise market, and this paper seeks to address this issue. To respond to the need of cruise liners and passengers more accurately, this paper aims to identify the main issues affecting the coastal cruise port of call process exactly, reasonable and scientifically. And build a fruitful partnership relation between ports and cruise companies so that to provide valuable information for cruise lines and destinations to develop continuous attracting cruise tourism offerings as well as improve marketing communications, thereby make contribution to the port and regional economy. Valuable information for cruise lines and destinations to develop continuous attracting cruise tourism offerings as well as improve marketing communications, thereby make contribution to the cruise economy.

Cruise tourism

Cruise trips have been rising in popularity since the 1970s as a result of the need of attracting passengers due to the air transport development and aircraft travel range increasing. The cruise companies had to find new markets and currently cruising is a strong trend in the tourism market with multiple destinations, themes and purposes. Nowadays, larger cruise liners are also seen as mobile and floating resorts because of their diverse offer onboard. Hence, these ships are considered the primary destination of tourists, while all other (land) destinations where the ships dock are secondary. With this increase of size and services, the impacts have been getting more significant. This constant growth in the number and size of ships has economic, but also social and ecological impacts on the destinations. The general upward trend in the number of cruise passengers and dockings is also present in Croatia’s most popular cities, Dubrovnik and Split (in the context of the Mediterranean routes), and in Portugal (in the context of the North Atlantic routes), through the cities of Lisbon and Oporto, among others. In this sense, this investigation intends to explain the influence that cruise tourism performed in these maritime destinations and two countries of the European south. The purpose of this research is to collect and analyse data related to the passenger and ship traffic in the cruise destinations. The objective is to highlight the multiple impacts of cruise tourism for both countries. Specifically, analysing positive and negative impacts of cruise tourism on the destinations, instead of the importance of cruises for the national economies.

La construcción de significados de un destino turístico a partir de la experiencia de los visitantes de crucero. El caso de Ushuaia

Ushuaia está posicionada como un interesante destino para las líneas de crucero. Este estudio se enfoca en la experiencia de los cruceristas que visitan la ciudad como parte de un viaje más extenso por América del Sur. La metodología comprende un enfoque cuantitativo a partir de encuestas que fueron realizadas durante las temporadas de verano 2015/2016, 2016/2017 y 2017/2018. Los resultados muestran que las motivaciones están relacionadas con la posibilidad de conocer Patagonia, mientras que Ushuaia es altamente valorada por su paisaje y la idea de ‘fin del mundo’, alcanzando un alto grado de satisfacción en la experiencia. Estos resultados brindan a los tomadores de decisiones herramientas sobre cómo optimizar los productos y servicios para satisfacer las necesidades de los visitantes, posicionar mejor al destino y lograr que los beneficios derivados de la actividad redunden en la localidad.

Nakreu: Evaluations of Cruise Passengers' Attitudes Towards Sustainability in Cruise Contexts

In the pursuit of sustainability in tourism, a rethink is necessary. The individual decision-making process merits more attention, because it is decisive for sustainable behavior both in a regulated environment as in noncodified contexts. This is particularly true in those areas that are experiencing high growth rates and are thus developing rapidly—partly controlled, partly uncontrolled—as can currently be observed in the cruise segment. Attitudes are to be understood as the basis for decisions. Once one has gained an understanding of these, one knows starting points for tapping sustainability potentials. Because little attention has been paid to this connection so far, this research note is primarily intended to present the theoretical background considerations of the "NaKreu" study, which was carried out in cooperation with TUI Cruises in 2019 in order to explore the attitudes of cruise passengers towards sustainability. In this, sustainability potentials in the segment are attributed to an interest in change, an ability to change, and structural factors. Additionally, sustainability is discussed as a quality facet of cruises. The present contribution introduces the methodical procedure of the project and gives an insight into its first results: By applying a mixed-methods approach, it can be shown that the attitudes of cruise passengers are generally neutral positive, but at the same time are permeated by strong skepticism. It is concluded that customers face the dilemma of a double claim. The results are to be interpreted as representative for the concrete project context; a transfer from the German-centered perspective of the project is still pending.

Food waste of Chinese cruise passengers

This paper investigates the food waste phenomenon concerning Chinese cruise passengers holidaying on international cruise ships. Data were collected through participant observation, casual conversation, and in-depth interviews with 76 Chinese respondents on three international cruise ships departing from Shanghai, China. The cruise ships offered all-inclusive pricing and most food was included. Food waste was common and serious. Food abundance and the all-inclusive nature of the cruise packages contributed to food waste. Further, onboard food waste was significantly influenced by Chinese culture, including food preference and the fear of missing out. Specifically, elderly passengers and those with a lower level of education were more likely to produce food waste. A conceptual framework explaining the phenomenon was developed as the outcome of this research.

Containing COVID-19 Among 627,386 Persons in Contact With the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship Passengers Who Disembarked in Taiwan: Big Data Analytics.

BackgroundLow infection and case-fatality rates have been thus far observed in Taiwan. One of the reasons for this major success is better use of big data analytics in efficient contact tracing and management and surveillance of those who require quarantine and isolation.ObjectiveWe present here a unique application of big data analytics among Taiwanese people who had contact with more than 3000 passengers that disembarked at Keelung harbor in Taiwan for a 1-day tour on January 31, 2020, 5 days before the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the Diamond Princess cruise ship on February 5, 2020, after an index case was identified on January 20, 2020.MethodsThe smart contact tracing–based mobile sensor data, cross-validated by other big sensor surveillance data, were analyzed by the mobile geopositioning method and rapid analysis to identify 627,386 potential contact-persons. Information on self-monitoring and self-quarantine was provided via SMS, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests were offered for symptomatic contacts. National Health Insurance claims big data were linked, to follow-up on the outcome related to COVID-19 among those who were hospitalized due to pneumonia and advised to undergo screening for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsAs of February 29, a total of 67 contacts who were tested by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction were all negative and no confirmed COVID-19 cases were found. Less cases of respiratory syndrome and pneumonia were found after the follow-up of the contact population compared with the general population until March 10, 2020.ConclusionsBig data analytics with smart contact tracing, automated alert messaging for self-restriction, and follow-up of the outcome related to COVID-19 using health insurance data could curtail the resources required for conventional epidemiological contact tracing.

Port of Rijeka as Cruise Destination

Cruise industry in Europe significantly contributes to the European tourism since many cruise ships visit various European destinations. Europe is the second most visited cruise destination, and the most significant part is the Mediterranean with its most popular ports – Dubrovnik and Venice. Even though the numbers of passengers in Dubrovnik and Venice decreased last year, they are still very attractive destinations for cruise tourists and have some advantages to which the port of Rijeka can look up. The aim of this paper is to analyse the importance of the port of Rijeka as cruise destination as well as to determine its condition and the necessary improvements. The results of the research show that the number of passengers in the port of Rijeka has been increasing over the past few years, which indicates that Rijeka is developing as a cruising destination. To determine the cruise passengers’ satisfaction with Rijeka as cruise destination, a survey was conducted among the passengers on cruise ships that visited Rijeka in 2018. The results of the survey show that the passengers were mostly satisfied with Rijeka as cruise destination although there are some aspects that need to be improved such as the offer of souvenirs and shopping in general. Cruise tourists in Rijeka mostly spent money on clothes and accessories, food and beverages, and organised sightseeing. The port of Rijeka has the potential of becoming an attractive cruise destination, but in order to improve, it constantly has to try to satisfy the cruise tourists’ demands.

Cruise Tourism for Sustainability: An Exploration of Value Chain in Shenzhen Shekou Port

Based on the support of governmental policies and the rapid growth of China’s economic development, residents’ living standards, and tourism consumption demand, cruise tourism has continuously developed and its service level has gradually improved, which have become the main driving forces for the sustainable growth of China’s cruise tourism industry. This paper took Shenzhen Shekou Port (SSP) as a research site and used an online text analysis method by Rost Content Mining 6 software to analyze 2552 Ctrip travel network, and then did further study through face to face interviews from the perspective of “tourists source” and “procurement” in the value chain theory. Only by understanding the developing trend of cruise tourists can we cultivate cruise culture, expand cruise tourism market, and finally realize the benign development of cruise tourism. The research results show that the cruise business in Shenzhen should strengthen the senior citizens market and marketing to kids and parents, and improve the satisfaction of cruise passengers in terms of enriching entertainment facilities, elevating service quality, and upgrading duty-free shopping centers. This paper not only focused on the study of cruise tourists in Southern China, but also enriches the research of the cruise value chain.

The moderating role of service recovery on customer loyalty in the context of cruise passengers

ABSTRACT The role of cruise shipping is gaining importance in the global tour industry because more customers are accepting this novel means of combining touring and hospitality while travelling. However, service failures are unavoidable because of anthropic factors or ‘acts of God’ while running this complex shipping business. Focusing on cruise caries, this study established a model to ascertain the antecedents of customer loyalty. Subsequently, the moderating effects of service recovery on the relationships between the antecedents and customer loyalty were tested statistically. The results of an empirical survey on Keelung Port demonstrated that for cruise carriers, service quality and customer satisfaction had positive impacts on customer loyalty. In addition, service recovery significantly moderated the impacts of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. This article is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled ‘The Moderating Role of Service Recovery on Customer Loyalty in the context of Cruise Passengers’ presented at the 2019 International Forum on Shipping, Ports and Airports (IFSPA 2019), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 20–24 May 2019.

Учет модернизаций и выбытия флота отечественных речных круизных пассажирских судов при оценке перспектив речного круизного рынка

При разработке проектов новых речных круизных пассажирских судов (РКПС) и модернизации существующих крайне важно иметь представление о реальной ситуации с фактической пассажировместимостью РКПС. Для решения поставленной задачи были исследованы 113 имеющих действующий класс на 2019 год РКПС. Существенно модернизировано с повышением уровня комфортабель-ности 43 круизных пассажирских судна (38,7 % от всех работающих в навигацию 2019 года). При существенной модернизации РКПС из первой группы (суда проектов 26-37, 588, 305, 646) пассажировместимость в среднем уменьшается на 52,3 %, при сохранении философии – на 32 %. При существенной модернизации РКПС из второй группы (проекты 301, 302, Q-040, Q-056, Q-065, 92-016) – на 37 %, при сохранении философии – на 16,1 %. К 2030 году прогнозируется уменьшение пассажировместимости на 52,72 % до 11631 человека, и это, не считая возможного уменьшения пассажировместимости за счет глубокой модернизации существу- ющих круизных судов для повышения уровня комфортабельности в 2019-2030 годы. При этом также не учитываются возможные новые РКПС, которые будут заказаны и построены (либо переоборудованы из других типов судов), начиная с 2020 года. Для сохранения понятия «речной круиз», и не только для иност-ранных туристов, рекомендуется на среднесрочную и долгосрочную перспективы строительство новых пассажирских судов, которые бы наиболее полно удовлетворяли запросам рынка. Это могут быть круизные пассажирские суда как для классических речных маршрутов в европейской части страны (PV300, PV500VB, PV09, ПКС-180 и т.п.), так и смешанного плавания суда для работы в прибрежных морях и на речных маршрутах в восточной части (PV300VD, PV11, PV11M и т.п.)

Yelp.com ratings and the businesses visited by cruise passengers in Bar Harbor, Maine

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of Yelp.com ratings on the businesses visited by cruise passengers that came to Bar Harbor, Maine. Results – based on survey data of where people report that they shop and eat – indicate that being a top-10 rated store or restaurant is associated with a large increase in the number of visits by cruise passengers. Furthermore, there’s a substantial drop-off in the impacts going from a ‘top-10’ to ‘second-10’ rated business.

Built environment and urban cruise tourists' mobility

The article studies the relationship between the characteristics of the built environment and the spatial behaviour of cruise passengers in a city. For this purpose, the mobility of cruise passengers visiting the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) is monitored by means of GPS tracking technologies and analysed through the use of GIS. Consideration has been given to diverse and multiple indicators related to the syntax of the urban space, its physical attributes, the economic activity and the visibility of tourist points of interest. Results show that the visibility of tourist points of interest and the type of economic activity have more influence than other factors related to the characteristics of the urban layout. The resulting information is particularly valuable for city management.

First deaths of cruise ship passengers fuel debate over Japan’s handling of quarantine

First deaths of cruise ship passengers fuel debate over Japan’s handling of quarantine

Tourism and Economic Growth in the Dominican Republic: 1985-2018

Tourists – overnight visitors – to the Dominican Republic have increased from 560,000 in 1984 to 6.6 million in 2018 – a nearly 12-fold increase in 34 years. Hotel rooms and tourism jobs have increased by similar factors. The eastern tip of the island was home to only a few families in the early 1980s, and Punta Cana now welcomes six of every ten tourists to the country. The Colonial Zone in the capital city of Santo Domingo, has seen its 16th century buildings transformed into museums, restaurants, shops, and boutique hotels. Cobblestone streets now afford higher priorities to pedestrian traffic; and cruise-ship passengers are welcomed into the Colonial Zone several times a week. Airports and sea port facilities have also expanded steadily in the Dominican Republic to accommodate and attract tourists. The Punta Cana International Airport inaugurated in 1982 was the first privately built international commercial airport in the world. In 2018, it handled around eight million passengers from some 100 cities in 28 countries, making it the leading airport in Central America and the Caribbean. The Dominican Republic currently has eight international airports and five ports that handle cruise ships. Over the same period of time, since the mid-1980s, the economy of the Dominican Republic has outperformed that of nearly every other country in Latin America. With tourism receipts equal to 9.5% of GDP in 2017, the DR is more dependent on tourism than any other country in Latin America. Given the visible changes that tourist growth has wrought in the Dominican Republic, it is easy to assume that tourism has been the key to the country’s remarkable economic growth since the mid-1980s. But it is not quite so simple. The Dominican economy has changed in numerous ways since the mid-1980s and has become a complex economy with lots of moving parts. This paper helps explain how economic growth from tourism fits into changes in the overall economy, with an overview of the Dominican economy and its growth and evolution since the mid-1980s.

Historical Replication Preserves Cultural Heritage

We propose a radically new approach to deal with major negative effects resulting from over-tourism. The major attractions of heavily visited historical sites are to be identically replicated in a new location emphasizing a vivid historical experience supported by modern technology. In the near future, an enormous increase in the number of tourists is predicted due to low flight prices and a great increase of cruise ship passengers. The local populations will be exposed to strong negative external effects, the cultural site will be damaged, and the environment polluted. Under our proposal, tourists will no longer visit the historical sites but will be exposed to Historical Replicas (HIRE) with more intense historical experience achieved through modern technology (such as holograms). Our proposal provides an alternative to today’s overcrowded historical sites doomed to destruction by over-tourism.

Sustainable Cruise Tourism in Marine World Heritage Sites

Cruise-ship tourism is one of the fastest growing industry sectors, with itineraries that regularly visit marine parks and protected areas. UNESCO Marine World Heritage (MWH) Sites feature some of the world’s most exceptional ecosystems, resulting in some cruise lines targeting these sites. To understand the extent of cruise ship visitation and determine perceptions of cruise ship sustainability within and across environmental, economic, and sociocultural dimensions, we conducted an online survey of 45 (out of 50) sites. The survey included responses about the characteristics of cruise ship visitation, strategies for sustainably managing ships, and ideas for encouraging sustainable practices. Among the 45 respondents, 30 (67%) indicated that their MWH site hosts cruise ships or cruise ship passengers, and 25 sites have cruise ships that enter the protected area marine waters. Most sites (62%) indicated an increase in cruise visitation over the last three years. While most sites regulate ballast water (73%) and wastewater (73%) discharge, common concerns focused on ship air emissions and wildlife interactions. Lack of funds generated by cruise ships toward community infrastructure was noted. MWH site managers expressed interest in developing site networks to facilitate sharing of ideas as a first step for increasing sustainability across all sites.

Arctic expedition cruise tourism and citizen science: a vision for the future of polar tourism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for using citizen science – defined as a data collection method through which non-professionals engage in contributing to authentic scientific inquiry – within the expedition cruise industry to contribute significantly to the collection of environmental data from hard-to-access Arctic areas. Design/methodology/approach The authors review trends in Arctic expedition cruise tourism and current needs in Arctic research and monitoring, and clarify where the expedition cruise tourism industry could have the most impact by providing data to the scientific community. The authors also compare the regulatory context in the Antarctic to that in the Arctic and discuss how these differences could affect the widespread use of citizen science. At last, the authors describe some general principles for designing citizen science programs to be successful on board, and highlight several existing programs that are being recognized for their contributions to a greater scientific understanding of the Arctic. Findings The authors find that citizen science data from the expedition cruise industry are underutilized as a tool for monitoring Arctic change. Numerous examples illustrate how citizen science programs on-board expedition ships can successfully collect robust scientific data and contribute to enhancing the knowledge and stewardship capacity of cruise passengers. Inclusion of citizen science data from the expedition cruise industry should be considered a critical part of international Arctic observing networks and systems. Social implications Active participation in Arctic citizen science by tourists on expedition cruise ships has many potential benefits beyond the collection of high quality data, from increasing passengers’ knowledge and understanding of the Arctic while on board, to affecting their attitudes and behaviors after they return home. Originality/value The potential for tourism to contribute to Arctic observing systems has been discussed previously in the scientific literature; the authors narrow the focus to citizen science programs in the expedition cruise industry, and provide concrete examples, in the hope that this will streamline acceptance and implementation of these ideas by researchers and tourism practitioners.

Taking Account of Asymptomatic Infections in Modeling the Transmission Potential of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess (DP) cruise ship provided empirical data to study the transmission potential of COVID-19 under quarantine with the presence of asymptomatic cases. Methods: We studied the changes in R0 on the DP from January 21 to February 19, 2020 based on chain-binomial models under two scenarios: no quarantine assuming a random mixing condition, and quarantine of passengers in cabins — passengers may get infected either by an infectious case in a shared cabin or by asymptomatic crew who continued to work. Results: Estimates of R0 at the beginning of the epidemic were 3.27 (95% CI, 3.02-3.54) and 3.78 (95% CI, 3.49-4.09) respectively for serial intervals of 5 and 6 days; and when quarantine started, with the reported asymptomatic ratio 0.505, R0 rose to 4.18 (95%CI, 3.86-4.52) and 4.73 (95%CI, 4.37-5.12) respectively for passengers who might be exposed to the virus due to contacts with asymptomatic crew. The overall R0 for both crew and passengers was decreased to 2.55 (95%CI, 2.36-2.76) and 2.90 (95% CI, 2.67-3.13). Results show that the higher the asymptomatic ratio is, the more infectious contacts would happen. Conclusions: We find evidence to support a US CDC report that “a high proportion of asymptomatic infections could partially explain the high attack rate among cruise ship passengers and crew.” Our study suggests that the effects of quarantine may be limited if the asymptomatic ratio is high, implying that a combination of preventive measures is needed to stop the spread of virus. .

Book Review Selling Destinations: Geography For The Travel Professional

Book Review Selling Destinations: Geography For The Travel Professional