Crowds Of People Research Articles

Pembuatan Purwarupa Alat Ukur Konsentrasi CO2 Berbasis NodeMCU ESP8266

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in an increase in global temperatures. Unfortunately, this knowledge is not yet widely known among the general public. Therefore, providing information on daily CO2 levels can serve as a means to educate and raise awareness about the dangers associated with CO2 levels. To simplify access to CO2 concentration information, a prototype of a CO2 concentration measurement device based on the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, which can be connected to Wi-Fi, has been developed. To ensure data accuracy, the CO2 measurement device was calibrated using the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller and data from an outdoor CO2 monitoring instrument at the BRIN (BPAA Pontianak) office, with an error value of 4.08%. The collected data from this device can be accessed through the Blynk application or a Google Sheets link. The test results demonstrate that the device can provide CO2 concentration levels with higher readings in areas characterized by high vehicle traffic, smoking, combustion activities, or a crowd of people.

Fish evacuate smoothly respecting a social bubble

Crowd movements are observed among different species and on different scales, from insects to mammals, as well as in non-cognitive systems, such as motile cells. When forced to escape through a narrow opening, most terrestrial animals behave like granular materials and clogging events decrease the efficiency of the evacuation. Here, we explore the evacuation behavior of macroscopic, aquatic agents, neon fish, and challenge their gregarious behavior by forcing the school through a constricted passage. Using a statistical analysis method developed for granular matter and applied to crowd evacuation, our results clearly show that, unlike crowds of people or herds of sheep, no clogging occurs at the bottleneck. The fish do not collide and wait for a minimum waiting time between two successive exits, while respecting a social distance. When the constriction becomes similar to or smaller than their social distance, the individual domains defined by this cognitive distance are deformed and fish density increases. We show that the current of escaping fish behaves like a set of deformable 2D-bubbles, their 2D domain, passing through a constriction. Schools of fish show that, by respecting social rules, a crowd of individuals can evacuate without clogging, even in an emergency situation.

TIMSS 2015 Fen Duyuşsal Özelliklerinin Cinsiyet ve Bölgelere Göre İncelenmesi

Various international and national tests are applied to assess curricula across the world. About 250.000 students’ knowledge and skills are tested via Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Many international and national comparisons are made with the test results. However, to be able to compare the test results of such a big crowd of people, the test results must not differ because of any other variable but achievement; in short, they must represent the same results of measurement. In the light of this information, the purpose of the study is to examine the measurement invariance of the model of the science affective factors of the eighth graders participated in TIMSS 2015 Turkey which is constructed via structural equation modeling, among Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – Level 1 regions and genders in Turkey, through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. The sample of this research consists of 5344 students and the analyses was made by using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 softwares. As a result of this study, the model met strict invariance for genders and scalar invariance for regions

The Role of the General Practitioner-Family Doctor in the Pharmacotherapy of Tuberculosis During the War

The role of the general practitioner-family physician in the pharmacotherapy of tuberculosis during the war is extremely important. The military conflict can cause an increase in cases of tuberculosis due to the deterioration of hygienic conditions, internal displacement of the population, evacuation of patients, insufficient medical and pharmaceutical assistance. In a wartime setting, family physicians may be the primary providers of early diagnosis and pharmacotherapy for many tuberculosis patients. Crowding of people in damp shelters, insufficient nutrition, stress. The role of family physicians is to properly treat and monitor patients, prevent the spread of tuberculosis, and collaborate with other specialists for optimal management of this disease.

UN-YOLOv5s: A UAV-Based Aerial Photography Detection Algorithm.

With the progress of science and technology, artificial intelligence is widely used in various disciplines and has produced amazing results. The research of the target detection algorithm has significantly improved the performance and role of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and plays an irreplaceable role in preventing forest fires, evacuating crowded people, surveying and rescuing explorers. At this stage, the target detection algorithm deployed in UAVs has been applied to production and life, but making the detection accuracy higher and better adaptability is still the motivation for researchers to continue to study. In aerial images, due to the high shooting height, small size, low resolution and few features, it is difficult to be detected by conventional target detection algorithms. In this paper, the UN-YOLOv5s algorithm can solve the difficult problem of small target detection excellently. The more accurate small target detection (MASD) mechanism is used to greatly improve the detection accuracy of small and medium targets, The multi-scale feature fusion (MCF) path is combined to fuse the semantic information and location information of the image to improve the expression ability of the novel model. The new convolution SimAM residual (CSR) module is introduced to make the network more stable and focused. On the VisDrone dataset, the mean average precision (mAP) of UAV necessity you only look once v5s(UN-YOLOv5s) is 8.4% higher than that of the original algorithm. Compared with the same version, YOLOv5l, the mAP is increased by 2.2%, and the Giga Floating-point Operations Per Second (GFLOPs) is reduced by 65.3%. Compared with the same series of YOLOv3, the mAP is increased by 1.8%, and GFLOPs is reduced by 75.8%. Compared with the same series of YOLOv8s, the detection accuracy of the mAP is improved by 1.1%.

Identifikasi Jumlah Manusia Dalam Kerumunan Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network

Public space is a place that generally used by the community in order to meet their needs and where crowds are usually formed. In a crowd, the number of people can be the first indicator in an anomaly in where the more number of people exists in a crowd, the more supervision is needed on the crowd to prevent chaos or other things that are not desirable in public spaces. The need for a crowd-counting is certainly needed to facilitate supervision and also the awareness of people in crowds. This research meant to develop a system that can identifies a crowd based on the number of people that exist in the crowd and also give the number of people as an output. The system applied the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm. The CNN model is trained using a labeled crowd dataset with a total of 4372 crowd photos. The CNN works as a regression model that will count the number of people from the feature extracted from the image. The evalution shows the Mean Absolute Error value achieved is 55.1176 in the test data.

Pendidikan dan Penyuluhan Mengenai Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Komunitas Cinta Berkain Indonesia di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred since the beginning of 2020 has had a social and economic impact on people's lives. The government is trying to stop the spread of the coronavirus by pursuing a Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) and Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru (AKB) Several communities are reported to have indications of the spread of the disease, including sports, worship, and hobby communities. This is because, among other things, the spread of Covid-19 is very easy to happens when there are crowds of people who don't pay attention to personal hygiene. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct counseling and training on dental and oral health for the Komunitas Cinta Berkain Indonesia during the adaptation of new habits to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. The training and counseling were conducted online using presentations on how to maintain oral health in the Indonesian cloth-loving community. Training and counseling were carried out for 20 community cadres for 60 minutes. Participants' knowledge was assessed by pre-test and post-test using Google Forms. From the results obtained, it was seen that there was an increase in the knowledge of the extension participants by 10% (the mean pre-test value was 70.26±9.05 and the post-test average was 77.1±6.08).

An integrated multi-level feature fusion framework for crowd behaviour prediction and analysis

<p>The uncontrolled outburst in population has led to crowd gatherings in various public places causing panic and disaster in certain unpleasant and extreme conditions. A study on the analysis of crowd accumulation has been carried out for various reasons that include management of crowd, design of a well-planned public space, the possibility for surveillance at every area and transportation systems. A lot of disasters also occurs due to uncontrollable crowd behaviour and poor crowd management. It could result in loss of property, fatalities or casualties. To avoid this, the conduct of a crowd of people has been studied and analyzed to control their movement and traffic. Hence, in this research work, integrated multi-level feature fusion (IMFF) framework is designed to predict the behaviour; further classification based on the local region is carried out to enhance the prediction. In the case of multi-level feature fusion; first level feature fusion utilizes the motion and appearance; second-level feature fusion utilizes the spatial connection and third-level utilizes the temporal connections. Further, the classification approach is integrated based on the local region is used to enhance the crowd behaviour prediction in terms of accuracy and faster. Moreover, performance evaluation is carried out considering the two distinctive datasets.</p>

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN AREAS OF MILITARY CONFLICTS AND ANTHROPOGENIC DISASTERS

This article presents an overview of the characteristics pointing out the deterioration of the epidemiological situation during military conflicts and anthropogenic disasters drawing form the latest literature. There are particular conditions that can provoke emergencies, among them military conflicts, natural disasters, humanitarian crises, man-made disasters, the use of biological weapons, particularly within the context of the Russian military invasion of Ukraine. The emergency conditions according to the principles of the sanitary and epidemiological service involve sudden and often unpredictable disruptions to normal everyday circumstances. These disruptions stem from disasters, natural calamities, and their aftermath, resulting in significant human casualties and widespread illness.
 The most important factors affecting the development of epidemiological circumstances include violations of the water supply system, contamination of food products, washing away various chemicals into water bodies, flooding of natural biocenoses, crowding, stress, increased sensitivity to infections, intensive migration processes. The complete or partial destruction of the material and technical base of health care and the sanitary-epidemiological service with disruption of the activities of medical and preventive institutions in the occupied territories also significantly affects the epidemiological situation. Given the eastern and southern regions in Ukraine, the emergency situation with severe epidemic complications has been observed for a year in the cities and villages occupied by Russians. As a result of serious violations of living conditions in disaster areas, war zones, and occupied territories, the epidemic situation regarding intestinal infections, including typhoid, paratyphoid, viral hepatitis, dysentery, and salmonellosis, has sharply worsened. Moreover, the increase in the incidence of them occurs in the first weeks after the action of the extreme factor. Crowding of people contributes to the intensification of aerosol contamination. Particularly dangerous in this regard are meningococcal disease, viral pneumonia, diphtheria and other contagious diseases. In addition, the high risk of critical deterioration of the epidemiological situation in Ukraine causes a high probability of the use of chemical and biological weapons by russians.

ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION ON THE OBSERVED SCENE CONTAINING MANY MOVING OBJECTS

Abstract. In many processes, control is based on the classification of the current states of objects of interest or situations and the selection of appropriate control actions. In the presented work, the task of classifying dynamic situations based on the analysis of the received video sequence is considered, for example, when monitoring traffic, observing the behavior of a crowd of people or animals, etc. abnormal, dangerous, etc.). At the same time, the classification of situations by separate static images of similar observed scenes can be difficult, physically unrealizable or impractical. The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of process management by using some features (signs) of dynamic situations for classification. Automatic classification of current dynamic situations in such processes will allow timely organization of measures to correct undesirable development of situations and/or reduce possible predicted losses. A technique for classifying dynamic situations based on the analysis of motion parameters identified by the transformer network and subsequent classification implemented by the perceptron is presented. As a demonstration example, the classification of street situations determined by people's behavior is investigated. Examples of distinguished classes of situations are given, confirming the possibility of implementing the proposed methodology.

View Birdification in the Crowd: Ground-Plane Localization from Perceived Movements

We introduce view birdification, the problem of recovering ground-plane movements of people in a crowd from an ego-centric video captured from an observer (e.g., a person or a vehicle) also moving in the crowd. Recovered ground-plane movements would provide a sound basis for situational understanding and benefit downstream applications in computer vision and robotics. In this paper, we formulate view birdification as a geometric trajectory reconstruction problem and derive a cascaded optimization method from a Bayesian perspective. The method first estimates the observer’s movement and then localizes surrounding pedestrians for each frame while taking into account the local interactions between them. We introduce three datasets by leveraging synthetic and real trajectories of people in crowds and evaluate the effectiveness of our method. The results demonstrate the accuracy of our method and set the ground for further studies of view birdification as an important but challenging visual understanding problem.

Geomatics Methods and Soft Computing Techniques for the Management of Public Transport and Distribution of Medical Goods

Initially used exclusively for military scopes, RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) have become increasingly common and versatile thanks to continuous technological innovations and today they find applications in many other fields. Two of the most interesting applications of drones concern the transport of goods and the monitoring/control of crowding in public transport for the management of the LPT (Local Public Transport). In the first case, drones can be used to deliver goods in different areas with the advantage of saving costs and delivery times; in the second case, drones can be used to monitor and control the flow of people inside public transport, to detect any situations of overcrowding and take prompt action to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers. This research aims to propose an innovative automatic management system for a group of RPAS used for the transport of essential medicines and for monitoring the crowding of people in relation to the use of Local Public Transport. This was possible through the creation of an experimental system for recharging drone batteries and above all the implementation of different soft computing algorithms and tools such as YOLO (You Look Only Once), SORT, and MAC address. All the information obtained in real-time and continuously updated, are transmitted to an Open GIS studied and programmed by us.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF COMBATING TERRORIST ACTS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Тhe article defines the concept of terrorism, outlines the directions that contribute to the implementation of a terrorist act. It is highlighted that the anti-terrorist security of Ukraine is being formed as a state system of combating terrorism. The content of protection and countermeasures against terrorism is determined in the conditions of the formation of a tendency to increase the levels of public danger. The need for urban planning and architectural and planning measures to counter terrorist acts in the urban environment is noted. The general theoretical principles of the formation of protection against terrorist attacks in the urban environment by urban planning and architectural and planning means are considered. Changes in the content, forms and methods of modern terrorism are identified: new styles of terrorism around the world – attacks on important educational, commercial or government buildings with large crowds of people, threats to disrupt everyday urban life, the growth of the number of terrorist groups and actions of individual terrorists, committing terrorist attacks in cities, the spread of terrorism in urban open spaces. The construction of physical protection of elements of the urban environment is considered, guided by the principles of adequacy to accepted models of threats through organizational and administrative measures, technical methods of implementing protection of elements of the urban environment, threats and models of violators; zonal construction through the organization and creation of free zones, restricted access zones and protected zones; ensuring the necessary level of effectiveness of the physical protection system for all methods of committing terrorist acts; adaptability to the technological features of the functions of elements of the urban environment.

A Latter-day Saint Apostle's Perception of the Southern Bazaar of Liverpool, October 1864

A Latter-day Saint Apostle's Perception of the Southern Bazaar of Liverpool, October 1864

The importance of contingently public goods

The importance of contingently public goods

Exploring the Factors for Successful Oral Presentation and The Source of Fear

Oral presentation requires some level of performance to a crowd of people, unlike reading, writing, or listening. Hence, fear of speaking in a foreign language is a common concern of students, especially when presenting in front of a large audience. Many people who fear public speaking avoid public speaking situations altogether, or struggle in those situations due to lack of confidence and skills. Therefore, learning a foreign language requires the use of communication strategies so that students face less difficulty and become proficient. ?This study aimed to identify the success factors of students in oral presentations and examined the causes of fear among Arabic language students in a Malaysian public university. For that purpose, a set of questionnaires was distributed to students studying three different levels of Arabic as a third language from various faculties at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Campus. The questionnaire was systematically designed from Endler (1980) for oral communication strategies with the addition source of fear adapted from Yaman and (Kavasog?lu, 2013). The survey has three sections which are demographic profile, communication strategies, and fear of oral presentation. The study involved 321 students that were selected through purposive sampling. The findings of the study show that oral presentation in Arabic is dominant despite being on a moderate scale of use. Also, students’ nervousness and the capacity of the audience have an influence on their speaking skills in simulations and role-play activities. The study recommends recognizing the anxiety sources and levels of anxiety when preparing ?for and delivering an oral presentation. It clearly represents a step closer to a successful ?presentation among non-native speakers. It also suggests that both lecturers and students ?be more aware of foreign language speaking anxiety. ? Overall, as this study investigates effective communication strategies and its associated factors of fear, it is hoped that the study will provide practical suggestions for teachers and meaningful recommendations for future research.

Armenia at the crossroads: between great power ambitions and transformation into a modern stat

Armenia at the crossroads: between great power ambitions and transformation into a modern stat

The Fatwas of Indonesian Ulema Council tn The Era of Covid-19 Pandemic: An Islamic Legal Maxim Perspective

One of the triggers for the spread of the COVID-19 virus is a crowd of people, while several Muslim religious ritual activities are carried out in the form of a crowd (congregation). To avoid crowds of people, the Indonesian Ulema Council issued religious fatwas so those ritual activities would not become a cluster for the spread of COVID-19. This study analyzes the Indonesian Ulema Council’s (MUI) fatwas during the COVID-19 pandemic using the legal maxim perspective. This study uses the literature review method. Some primary and secondary literature on MUI fatwas are analyzed critically to obtain a complete, detailed, clear, and systematic picture of MUI fatwas. The study results show that the entire MUI fatwa is based on the Islamic legal maxim theoretical framework, which aims to keep Muslims away from harm, eliminate difficulties and difficulties, and endeavor to benefit as many people as possible. Besides, the entire Fatwa refers to authoritative Islamic sources, namely the Koran, the Prophet’s Hadith, scholars’ opinions, and experts' views. This study’s results can be applied as a guideline for Muslims and Muslim medical personnel in implementing Islamic teachings in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Digital transformation of Higher Education Institutions

Introduction: Digital Transformation (DT) was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, since it has intensified the use of digital platforms as a way to avoid crowding of people in physical environments. DT is present in different markets as more population groups have access to the internet. It has been changing consumer preferences and, consequently, consumer decision-making. One of the markets is that of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), which adopt strategic changes to continue reaching the audiences that emerge from online platforms. Objective: We applied the Resource-Based View to identify the strategic resources that Brazilian HEIs have used to promote their digital transformation to the e-learning format. Methodology: Therefore, we proposed a framework using the Design Science Research method. To validate the framework, three stages of interviews were carried out with individuals directly involved with DT, HEI professors, HEI managers and EdTech’s professionals. Results/Conclusion: Our results validated a framework with eight attributes: Effectiveness of Courses, Quality Educational Programs, Training of Professors for e-learning, Appropriate Management System, Active Sales Process, Engagement of Professionals, Technology, Agile Development, and Entrepreneurial Culture.

LITURGICAL DRAMA AND THEATRICAL ARTS

At the first stage of Christianity spreading the Church has banned theatre show. That’s about writes Aurelius Augustine in his work “Confessions”, where on the background of continued dialogue with God, before us is opened solilokvium (lat.: soliloquium – solo – himself, alone, loqui – to speak), which uses Augustine. It should be noted that such form was assumed in the Literature or theatre performances of that time. This represents the analogy of ancient theatre form, which was used by playwrights to make familiarize with audience, certain development event. Blissful Augustine believes that what is developed on the stage and the experiences of audience – the despair on the stage, the grief appeared in the spectator and tears on the composed, this is some kind of sin and God’s banishment from you. The main postulate of early medieval thinkers, mainly ecclesiastics was ignorance of theatre shows and announcement of theatre actors and creators as sinners. Later, the church itself, for attracting crowds of people, with aim of domination on the parish, used and created not only theatre shows, but its “sketch” – liturgical (liturgy – Greek. liturgy – the main Christian religious rite: liturgy times) drama, which is based on the Biblical stories. As Maximus the Confessor writes: “The liturgy is Christian drama. It is the transition of spirit from potential state to action and is directed towards eidos, as the ultimate goal, to full implementation of telos – the whole, visible and invisible world to Christ’s coming out of the body. And the mythos, we can say, the scenario of Christ, is the St. Letter”. The liturgical drama for Maximus is: a) ritual, the reality “trimmed” with divine character, which is connecting really existing – God in the Christ’s divine personality the man – the church – the world; b) Drama, which plot is the St. letter, as Christ’s body and that it exactly in this drama the St. letter as a potential – body, is becoming Christ’s eschatological body; c) also theurgy activity, aimed at human transferring to God.