Effect Of Crosstalk Noise Research Articles

Parameter variations and crosstalk noise effects on high performance H-tree clock distribution networks

Controlling the delay and the transition time of the clock signal in the presence of various noise sources, process parameter variations and environmental effects represents a fundamental problem in the design of high speed synchronous circuits. The effects of parameter variations and crosstalk noise on the clock signal propagating along an H-tree clock distribution network are investigated in this paper. In particular, the effects of variations in power supply voltage (V DD), temperature, and gate oxide thickness (t ox) on the delay and the transition time of the clock signal are evaluated. Furthermore, the effects of crosstalk between an H-tree structure and other interconnect wires are investigated. Different scenarios of capacitive coupling along different spatial locations of an H-tree are considered. The effects of coupling on the propagation delay, the transition time, and the waveform shape of the clock signal are demonstrated.

Crosstalk analysis and repeater insertion in crosstalk aware coupled VLSI interconnects

Purpose – To analyze factors affecting crosstalk and to study the effect of repeater insertion on crosstalk, power dissipation and propagation delay.Design/methodology/approach – Crosstalk is effected by transition time of the signal; length of interconnect; distance between interconnects; size of driver and receiver; pattern of input; direction of flow of signal; and clock skew. This work is based on simulating interconnects with parameters obtained from 0.13 μm process. The types of noise addressed are overshoot; undershoot and oscillatory noise. Further, to study the effect of repeater insertion on crosstalk, repeaters are inserted in one line, i.e. line A only. Uniform repeaters varying in number from 1 to 60 are each of size Wn=3.9 μm and Wp=7.8 μm. Both lines A and B are terminated by a capacitive load of 5 fF. A crosstalk noise effect is measured for line A loaded with repeaters. The number of repeater is varied for four different cases of stimulations to both lines viz. input to line A, i.e. VA sw...

Analysis of optical channel cross talk for free-space optical interconnects in the presence of higher-order transverse modes

We analyze the effect of cross-talk noise on the performance of free-space optical interconnects (FSOIs). In addition to diffraction-caused cross talk, we consider the effect of stray-light cross-talk noise, an issue that, to the best of our knowledge, was not addressed previously. Simulations were performed on a microlens-based FSOI system using the modal composition and beam profiles experimentally extracted from a commercial vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. We demonstrate that this cross-talk noise introduces significant degradation to interconnect performance, particularly for multitransverse-mode laser sources. A simple behavioral model is also developed that accurately approximates the cross talk noise for a range of optical sources and interconnect configurations.

Improving signal integrity in circuit boards by incorporating embedded edge terminations

Much attention has been paid toward signal and power integrity in devices, circuit boards and entire systems. Resonances set up between the power and ground planes due to multiple reflections from the edges of the circuit board will affect signal integrity. The impedance seen by a via passing between the power and ground planes can be very high at the resonant frequencies. This gives rise to the effects of crosstalk and simultaneous switching noise (SSN) which would adversely effect the operation of the device. An attempt has been made in this paper to cover all the topics in earlier papers (Shi et al., Proc. Electron. Comp. Technol. Conf., 2001, and Adsure et al., Proc. IPAC'01 Conf., 2001), which describe a method to incorporate (absorbing) at the edges of a circuit board to reduce the wave reflections. The lossy material is usually a of very high resistivity but which shows large magnetic losses at UHF and microwave frequencies. Thus this is suitable to be placed directly between the power and ground planes without introducing any DC leakage currents. Experiments were carried out on a bare copper circuit board with FR-4 dielectric. The absorber used in the experiments is available commercially in flexible, castable and hard dense forms. It is shown that it is possible to reduce the impedances at the resonant frequencies to quite an extent over a broad frequency band by applying the at the edges of the board. Various configurations of applying the are also described.

Generalized Interconnect Delay Time and Crosstalk Models: II. Crosstalk-Induced Delay Time Deterioration and Worst Crosstalk Models

New analytical models for estimating crosstalk-induced delay time deterioration and the worst crosstalk models of a coupled interconnect for ramp input waveform are derived. The accuracy of these compact models at various driver resistances, loading capacitances, and input-ramping rates is verified by simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulation for the parallel interconnect system. The effects of crosstalk noise on the delay time at various ramp input rise times, for both simultaneous and non-simultaneous switching cases, are discussed here. In this study we show that crosstalk noise will be a limiting factor for future fast transition signals. The results reported herein are useful in the studies of delay time uncertainties due to noise and the interconnect worst-case design.

Balancing interpixel cross talk and detector noise to optimize areal density in holographic storage systems

We investigate the effects of interpixel cross talk and detector noise on the areal storage density of holographic data storage. A numerical simulation is used to obtain the bit-error rate (BER) as a function of hologram aperture, pixel fill factors, and additive Gaussian intensity noise. We consider the effect of interpixel cross talk at an output pixel from all possible configurations of its 12 closest-neighbor pixels. Experimental verification of this simulation procedure is shown for several fill-factor combinations. The simulation results show that areal density is maximized when the aperture coincides with the zero order of the spatial light modulator (SLM) (Nyquist sampling condition) and the CCD fill factor is large. Additional numerical analysis including finite SLM contrast and fixed-pattern noise show that, if the fixed-pattern noise reaches 6% of the mean signal level, the SLM contrast has to be larger than 6:1 to maintain high areal density. We also investigate the improvement of areal density when error-prone pixel combinations are forbidden by using coding schemes. A trade-off between an increase in areal density and the redundancy of a coding scheme that avoids isolated-on pixels occurs at a code rate of approximately 83%.

The effect of crosstalk and phase noise in multichannel coherent optical ASK systems

The authors extend the analysis of G.J. Foschini et al. (1988) to a two-channel system and to a wider class of IF filters. The authors carry out a comprehensive study of the sensitivity of an optical receiver in a two-channel ASK system, taking into account phase noise and crosstalk, including crosstalk arising from phase noise in the second channel. They compare the results with previous work in the limit of no phase noise and show how the agreement is good. They compute the penalty due to crosstalk for different linewidths and filter shapes. It is shown that the minimum channel spacing is a few bit rates more than the IF filter bandwidth, and is therefore increased significantly by significant phase noise. The detailed IF filter shape appears to have only a weak effect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

The effect of crosstalk and phase noise in multichannel coherent optical DPSK systems with tight IF filtering

Results for two-channel differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK) systems using finite integrator and raised cosine response IF filters are presented. The sensitivity of an optical receiver in a two-channel DPSK system is studied. The results are compared with previous work in the limit of no phase noise and it is shown that the agreement is good. The penalty due to crosstalk for different linewidths and filter shapes is computed, and it is shown that the minimum channel spacing is a few bit rates for an ideal integrator IF filter and is larger for an IF filter with a raised cosine impulse response. The penalty is increased somewhat by phase noise. >

Digital Subscriber Line Terminals for Use with Correlated Line Codes

This paper is a mathematical analysis of digital subscriber lines that use adaptive decision feedback equalization (DFE). Adaptive transversal feedforward filters (FFF) and feedback filters (FBF) with baud rate sampling are assumed. In order that all block codes are considered in the model, correlation between the values of the transmitted symbol values is included. Additionally, added noise is not assumed to be white, to permit the eyaluation of the effects of near end crosstalk and residual echo noise. It is shown that the correlation between the transmitted symbols causes the FBF to adapt differently than they usually do (i.e., cancel intersymbol interference within the range of the FBF) in two ways: the FBF uses the correlation between transmitted symbols to reduce the intersymbol interference outside of its range, and a bias vector is added to the FBF tap weights that adjusts future slicing levels to account for the variable likelihood of future transmitted symbol values. It is found that the received signal-to-noise ratio is approximately a linear function of loop insertion loss when the loss is high and noise is low.