Immigrant mothers face increased risk for perinatal psychiatric disorders, yet their needs are often overlooked. Challenges compounded by migration stress, exclusionary policies, economic hardship, and systemic discrimination remain largely invisible in clinical training, research, and health systems design. The authors explore how immigration status, systemic inequities, and current policies contribute to disparities in care. Using community models, health systems research, and patient narratives, they call for services that reflect the lived realities of immigrant mothers. Recommendations include culturally responsive care, cross-sector collaboration, and policy reform. Centering immigrant mothers' experiences is essential to promoting equity and improving outcomes across the perinatal period.

Effective and sustainable waste management constitutes a central component of environmental governance and public health protection, particularly in residential areas located along the administrative borders of Surakarta City. Border settlements frequently experience disparities in infrastructure provision, limited supervisory control, and uneven public service delivery, which collectively weaken the effectiveness of integrated waste governance. This study analyzes the implementation of the regional regulatory framework on integrated waste management in these peripheral residential areas and evaluates the institutional, regulatory, and socio legal constraints that affect its practical operation. The research applies a qualitative design grounded in empirical fieldwork. The study collects primary data through structured interviews with relevant stakeholders and analyzes the data using a normative and comparative approach. It compares Indonesia’s waste governance practices with selected international models implemented in Germany, Japan, and Singapore to identify transferable principles and institutional mechanisms that may strengthen local implementation. The findings demonstrate that the regulatory framework provides a systematic structure for integrated waste management; however, implementation gaps persist. Limited public awareness, inadequate waste processing facilities, and weak inter institutional coordination significantly hinder policy effectiveness, particularly in border residential zones. The study concludes that the government must intensify community engagement strategies, strengthen environmental education programs, and enhance cross sectoral collaboration to ensure the realization of sustainable and responsible waste management in border areas.

This study investigates the organisational transformations required to re-engineer Botswana’s civil service through human–AI collaboration to develop a Fourth Industrial Revolution–ready public sector. The study adopted a qualitative research design based on document analysis informed by grounded theory principles. Secondary data were drawn from government reports, national and regional policy documents, and peer-reviewed academic literature published between 2020 and 2025. An inductive analytical process involving open, axial, and selective coding was used to identify recurring patterns and relationships, leading to the development of an integrative theoretical explanation of AI-enabled organisational transformation in Botswana’s civil service. The findings demonstrate that effective AI integration in Botswana’s civil service requires fundamental organisational restructuring. In relation to leadership and management, the study finds that adaptive leadership competencies, strategic sense-making, and participatory managerial practices are critical for aligning AI initiatives with public service objectives. With respect to the workforce, the findings reveal that workforce anxiety is a major constraint on AI adoption, but can be mitigated through targeted skills development, transparent communication, and continuous learning frameworks. Across all objectives, the study identifies leadership as the central mediating mechanism through which organisational change, workforce trust, and human–AI collaboration is achieved. Ethical governance and cross-sectoral collaboration further emerge as enabling conditions for sustainable and trusted AI deployment. The study relies exclusively on secondary data, which limits direct insight into the lived experiences of civil servants during AI implementation. Nonetheless, the study offers a robust theoretical contribution by advancing a leadership-mediated model of human–AI augmentation that can inform public sector reform, policy design, and leadership development in Botswana and comparable developing-country contexts.

National policy responses to address loneliness: A global scoping review of 194 WHO member states.

Amidst the rapid growth of digital literacy, subsistence UMKM are a low-income group, particularly female heads of households who are the backbone of their families, facing the dual challenges of limited access to resources and digital literacy gaps. The government plays an active role in community empowerment programs through training in general business development. Therefore, community empowerment through digital-based entrepreneurship education addresses these challenges by opening mindsets, connecting ideas, skills, and market access through digital technology, and promoting cross-sector collaboration in a mutually reinforcing ecosystem. This study aims to determine the role of digital-based entrepreneurship education in the success of such community empowerment programs. This research collaborates with the Women's Empowerment Agency (DP2PA) in collaboration with the Indonesian Creative Women's Community and academics from the UMKM Entrepreneurship Institute of Widya Gama Mahakam University in Samarinda in an empowerment program through non-formal entrepreneurship education at women's business schools. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, with data obtained through interviews and observations, using instruments in the form of interview guides and observation guides. There were 15 participants consisting of organizers, mentors, facilitators, and business school participants. The data analysis process was applied inductively by referring to Miles and Huberman's interactive model, which includes five stages, namely data collection, data presentation, data reduction, conclusion drawing, and verification. The results of the study show that the success of the empowerment program requires the role of entrepreneurship education in encouraging an entrepreneurial attitude, the ability to identify and create business opportunities, and the ability to integrate digital technical skills and strengthen the entrepreneurial mindset. In practical terms, this study concludes that amid digital disruption, digital-based entrepreneurship education, mentoring, and community become the main catalysts for the transition of subsistence UMKM to sustainable businesses

Dental caries is one of the most common oral health problems among school-aged children and is often neglected, despite its potential impact on quality of life, academic achievement, and overall health. High consumption of cariogenic foods such as candies, chocolates, sugary drinks, and other sweet snacks, combined with poor and irregular tooth-brushing habits, are the main contributing factors to the occurrence of dental caries in elementary school children. This research analyzed the relationship between cariogenic food consumption and tooth-brushing habits with the incidence of dental caries among 4th–6th graders at SDN 1 Cikulur, Lebak, Banten, and examined the confounding effects of gender, parental education, and socioeconomic status. A cross-sectional design with stratified random sampling was used, involving 76 respondents. Data were collected via questionnaires and visual dental examinations, then analyzed using Chi-Square and Multiple Logistic Regression to assess relationships while controlling for confounders. The findings revealed a significant relationship between cariogenic food consumption and tooth-brushing habits with dental caries. Children with high cariogenic food consumption were seven times more likely to develop caries, while those with poor tooth-brushing habits had an 11.6 times greater risk after adjusting for parental education and socioeconomic status. The study recommends strengthening oral health education in schools, enforcing stricter supervision of children's food consumption through school policies and Puskesmas programs, and increasing family involvement in shaping healthy behaviors. Cross-sectoral collaboration is expected to sustainably reduce the prevalence of dental caries among elementary school children.

Henipaviruses, including the highly pathogenic Nipah virus and Hendra virus, represent a major zoonotic threat with high mortality rates and potential for human-to-human transmission. Recent discoveries of novel henipaviruses in China, Europe and other regions highlight the urgent need for enhanced surveillance in both wildlife reservoirs such as bats, shrews, rodents, and human populations, particularly in high-risk areas. Despite advancements in metagenomic sequencing, gaps in integrated surveillance, fragmented One Health implementation, and insufficient diagnostic infrastructure in large parts of the world hinder global preparedness. This paper identifies key challenges in henipavirus detection and control and proposes an operational roadmap for surveillance, diagnostics, and cross-sectoral collaboration. With the known animal hosts of henipaviruses and related henipa-like orthoparamyxoviruses now documented across more than 130 countries and territories, strengthening these capabilities is critical to preventing future epidemics and addressing the evolving threat of emerging henipavirus diversity.

The development of tourism villages in Indonesia is still dominated by programmatic and top-down approaches, which often fail to build the independence and sustainability of village communities. This study aims to formulate a community empowerment model through Integrative Social Capacitation in the development of the Bissoloro Tourism Village, Gowa Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, through data collection techniques in the form of participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies involving community actors, tourism village managers, village governments, and related stakeholders. The results show that the reconstruction of sustainable tourism villages is a long-term social process involving five main stages: (1) community social mapping, (2) construction of collective identity narratives based on local potential, (3) strengthening community capacity, (4) participatory institutionalization through village institutions, and (5) transformation of community meaning towards tourism villages. This process positions the community as the main actor who not only participates technically, but is also able to interpret and manage local potential reflectively and sustainably. This study recommends the Integrative Social Capacitation approach as a community empowerment strategy that connects social, cultural, economic, and institutional dimensions within a cross-sectoral and multi-actor collaboration framework. This model contributes to the development of rural sociological studies by offering a conceptual framework for community empowerment that is adaptive and oriented towards the sustainability of tourist villages.

ABSTRACT This study examines principals’ leadership practices within Swedish Municipal Adult Education (SMAE), focusing on strategies for advancing inclusive education in a marketised system. Data consist of observation notes from dialogical network meetings with twenty-three principals and one quality manager representing twelve municipalities, organised collaboratively by the National Agency for Education and a university. The analysis applies the theory of practice architectures as both a theoretical lens and methodological tool. Findings reveal that principals operate within a complex and often contradictory educational landscape. Their strategic actions – such as creative financial manoeuvring and cross-sector collaboration – demonstrate adaptability while exposing ethical tensions under systemic constraints. The principals’ leadership strategies emerge as a situated, adaptive practice shaped by fragmented policy and governance environments. The study provides insights into how principals can lead transformative change by adopting alternative approaches and leveraging collaborative strategies to advance inclusive education across institutional and community contexts.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing medical education by enabling adaptive learning, AI-assisted assessment, and scalable instructional tools. Natural language processing, machine learning, and generative large language models offer innovative ways to support teaching and learning, yet their integration raises ethical, pedagogical, and infrastructural challenges. This viewpoint article aims to examine the current applications, benefits, and challenges of AI in medical education and propose strategies for responsible and effective integration. AI tools such as chatbots, virtual patients, and intelligent tutoring systems enhance personalized and immersive learning. Automated grading and predictive analytics support efficient evaluations, while AI-assisted writing tools streamline content creation. Despite these advances, concerns persist around data privacy, algorithmic bias, unequal access, and diminished critical thinking. Key solutions include AI literacy training, data oversight, equitable infrastructure, and curriculum reform. The FACETS framework offers 6 dimensions (ie, form, application, context, instructional mode, technology, and the SAMR [substitution, augmentation, modification, redefinition model]) to evaluate AI integration effectively. AI offers substantial opportunities to transform medical education, but its adoption must be ethical, equitable, and pedagogically grounded. Strategic frameworks such as FACETS, combined with institutional governance and cross-sector collaboration, are essential to guide implementation so that AI enhances learning outcomes while preserving the humanistic foundations of medical practice.

The use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices has significantly improved diabetes management. However, several limitations persist, including the great variation in accuracy, inconsistent study designs, and variations in regulatory approval standards. Therefore, the need for regulatory harmonization, robust validation, and transparent data reporting is crucial. The current consensus report was developed through a structured, multi-phase process to comprehensively assess these challenges. A literature review of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Saudi Digital Library, focusing on publications from 2016 to 2024, evaluated evidence on CGM devices in terms of performance and clinical outcome, with priority given to regional data, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and systematic reviews. A multidisciplinary panel reviewed the literature, engaging in structured discussions. Recommendations were formulated using the Delphi method, ensuring consensus and alignment with global standards while addressing regional challenges. The resulting recommendations advocate for aligning Saudi regulatory standards with international frameworks like Food and Drug Administration iCGM criteria, Medical Device Regulation (MDR)-aligned criteria, establishing and enforcing minimum performance criteria, including dynamic testing for glucose fluctuations, strengthening local post-market surveillance capacity, mandating transparent data reporting by manufacturers, and facilitating comprehensive clinical education and cross-sector collaboration.

To enhance workforce capacity and population health, a collaborative approach is necessary to identify and establish consistent benchmarks across community/public health nursing (C/PHN) practices and public health sectors, thereby standardizing skills, knowledge, and actions to ensure a unified level of safe, quality care. Five key competency documents were selected based on a literature review of public health competency tools and were reviewed according to primary focus, key themes and unique features, as noted by thematic highlights identifying key components. Similarities and gaps revealed misalignment among competencies, informing a recommendation for a new model. The Public Health Outcomes through Equity, Navigation, Inclusion, and Cross-Sector Collaboration (PHOENIX) was developed, offering a universal competency framework that incorporates interdisciplinary competencies as well as nursing's' uniqueness to public health. Public health envelops a collective representation of a broad workforce, where cross-disciplinary strategic thinking requires the leveling of competencies to create interdisciplinary unity for a broader workforce, which also acknowledges nursing's unique role identity in direct care and practice. PHOENIX is distinct in its nursing lens, yet broad enough to capture the dynamic disciplines of all public health partners.

Students and teachers can participate more peacefully and safely in school sports activities in a healthy environment and physically, mentally, and emotionally healthy. Providing such a healthy space in schools requires numerous infrastructural and conditional prerequisites, with ensuring economic resources for health being essential. Therefore, this article aims to identify practical health economics strategies for developing physical education in schools. Suitable practical health economics strategies may include integrating health impacts into economic evaluations, developing student insurance as a safety valve, distributive justice in health services, investment in school health infrastructure, encouraging health policies related to transportation, empowering teachers and school administrators in health economics, offering financial incentives to schools, and fostering cross-sector collaboration. These strategies can lead to improvements in health infrastructure, increased student participation in sports activities, and enhancement of the quality of physical education programs. Financial incentives include grants for implementing health programs, bonuses for schools that achieve health and sports participation targets, and subsidies for schools that invest in health infrastructure. In summary, this article suggests innovation in health economics and physical education in schools by identifying gaps in previous studies and proposing new approaches.

Stunting is a manifestation of chronic malnutrition that remains a major public health problem, particularly among school-aged children in developing countries, including Indonesia. In addition to inadequate nutritional intake, environmental factors such as poor sanitation, limited access to clean water, and unhealthy hygiene practices play a significant role in the occurrence of stunting. Schools, as a second environment after the family, have strategic potential to support stunting prevention through the implementation of a healthy school environment. This study aims to examine the role of a healthy school environment in preventing stunting among elementary school children. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving an intervention group and a control group. The study was conducted in two public elementary schools with a high prevalence of stunting. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, questionnaires on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS), and observations of school environmental health facilities. Data analysis used paired t-tests and independent t-tests to assess differences before and after the intervention. The findings indicate that the implementation of a healthy school environment program integrated with the School Health Unit (UKS) contributes positively to improving health behaviors and supporting optimal child growth. This study highlights the importance of cross-sector collaboration in strengthening sustainable school-based stunting prevention programs.

The mental health crisis in Indonesia is increasingly alarming, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, social stigma, and unequal access to professional services. A clinical approach alone is not enough to address this complex problem. This study offers a novelty in the form of an integrative approach: revitalizing the role of families and communities based on Islamic values (rahmah, ta'awun, shabr, syura, tarbiyah ruhiyah) combined with the use of digital social communities as a medium for education, discussion, and support systems. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, reviewing national and international literature, social support theory (Cohen & Wills, 1985), religious coping (Koenig, 2012), and Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory (1979). The results of the study show that families play a strategic role in the prevention, assistance, and referral of mental health cases, while digital communities are effective as spaces for education and emotional validation, with scalability and anonymity as their main strengths. Concrete strategies offered include family education, stigma-free campaigns on social media, spiritual care hotlines, and cross-sector collaboration. This approach is in line with the collectivist culture of Indonesian Muslim society and is more adaptive in the digital era. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for practical programs, public policy, and further research to create a more caring, stigma-free, and resilient society in the face of mental health crises.

Abstract Background Public crisis events, such as major public health emergencies, natural disasters, and sudden accidents, often trigger collective psychological stress responses, including anxiety, depression, panic, and declining social trust. Surveys indicate that during the peak of public crises, 25%–40% of affected populations experience moderate to severe psychological distress, with some groups facing persistent risks. Existing responses mainly emphasize emergency management and medical treatment, while social psychological services show insufficient policy coordination, fragmented functions, and uneven coverage. Therefore, this study reviews relevant policy documents and local implementation practices, and combines surveys of residents’ psychological status and service accessibility to examine the relationship between social psychological service functions and intervention effectiveness. The study aims to construct a public crisis psychological intervention policy framework to enhance public governance resilience and risk prevention capacity. Methods This study employed a mixed-methods approach combining policy text analysis and questionnaire surveys. A total of 42 national- and provincial-level policy documents related to social psychological services and public crisis management issued between 2015 and 2024 were coded and analyzed. In addition, 624 residents from three regions that had experienced major public crises were surveyed to assess psychological status and service accessibility, using a mental health self-report scale and a risk perception scale. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between the level of social psychological service development and residents’ psychological recovery, with statistical significance set at p<.05. Results The findings show that the frequency of key terms such as “psychological intervention,” “social support,” and “risk communication” in policy documents increased significantly after 2020; however, policy coordination and implementation specificity remained relatively weak. Survey results revealed that regions with higher coverage of social psychological services exhibited lower levels of anxiety and depression, with a psychological distress detection rate of 18.7%, significantly lower than the 32.4% observed in regions with lower service coverage (p<.01). Regression analysis indicated that service accessibility, community participation mechanisms, and the availability of professional personnel were significant predictors of psychological recovery, jointly explaining 41.6% of the variance in psychological outcomes. In particular, the degree of standardization in community-level psychological intervention mechanisms was positively correlated with reductions in psychological risk (r = 0.52, p<.01). Discussion The study demonstrates that improving social psychological service functions can effectively mitigate population-level psychological risks during public crises, with policy coordination and grassroots implementation capacity playing central roles. Strengthening risk communication, community-based psychological support, and professional service integration can significantly enhance the timeliness and effectiveness of psychological interventions. Current policies still require further optimization in cross-sector collaboration, service standardization, and equitable resource allocation. Future efforts should promote the transition of social psychological services from emergency-based responses to a model of routine governance, while integrating digital psychological assessment and dynamic monitoring tools to build a full-cycle psychological intervention policy system for public crises. Overall, enhancing social psychological service functions holds substantial practical significance and policy value for strengthening public crisis governance capacity and maintaining social stability.

Purpose With the orientation for sustainability, circular economy (CE) is promoted through “exaptive events” such as educational workshops. Social enterprises (SEs) play an important role in CE transformation but face significant challenges. Whilst exaptation theory is well-studied in commercial context, less is known about its role in driving SE innovation. Thus, this paper aims to answer the following research question: how can exaptive events facilitate circular economy innovation in the context of social enterprise? Design/methodology/approach This paper conducted an in-depth case study of a CE-themed project in the UK, engaging with the event organisers and SE participants. Data were collected through interview, observation and secondary documentation. Using a structured inductive approach, this paper identified key themes and generated a grounded theoretical model. Findings Four themes are identified as: 1) knowledge sharing, 2) exaptive pools, 3) exaptive relations and 4) challenges to SE sustainability and success. Findings indicate that exaptive events can enhance SE innovation. Also, the connection of exaptive events, tools and relations helps overcome barriers in finance, commercial viability, social value and cross-sector collaboration. Nevertheless, finance and commercial viability inhibit SE’s further effective innovations. Originality/value By offering a new perspective – exaptive events – on SE innovation, this study extends the application of exaptive innovation beyond private-sector product commercialisation to tackling challenges faced by SEs. This study indicates that practitioners and policymakers can leverage exaptive events to promote sustainable development. For SEs, collaboration with public sectors through these events promotes resource sharing, joint innovation and commercialisation opportunities.

This study assesses the potential of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) to improve water resource management in Rwanda’s Sebeya catchment, where environmental degradation persists, and farmer awareness of PES remains low (4.57%). A mixed-methods approach combined biophysical modelling and socio-economic analysis. The InVEST model was used to quantify key ecosystem services - water yield and sediment retention, while primary data were collected through structured surveys with 391 household farmers and interviews with water-dependent enterprises. Findings show that PES-supported land management enhances ecosystem health and watershed functions, with improved sediment retention and water yield under restoration scenarios. Socio-economic results indicate that PES promotes environmental awareness, strengthens decision-making related to forest landscape restoration, and encourages adoption of sustainable practices through financial incentives. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.673, p < 0.001) was identified between PES implementation and effective water management outcomes. Stakeholders emphasised the importance of capacity building and cross-sector collaboration for successful PES integration. The study demonstrates PES as a viable tool for integrated watershed management, linking ecosystem restoration with livelihood improvement and informing policy for sustainable water governance

Objectives: The paper examines human-centric digital leadership as a key phenomenon that shapes the development of digital competencies and the formation of organizational digital readiness within the HRM 5.0 paradigm. The study seeks to clarify the theoretical evolution of the concept and to propose an integrated interpretation that links leadership behavior, digital culture, and technological maturity. Prior work: The research builds on contemporary theories of digital transformation, human-centric leadership, and ecosystemic management. It integrates insights from frameworks such as DigComp 2.2, ESCO, and the OECD digital competence model, expanding their application through the lens of HRM 5.0, where ethical innovation, sustainability, and human-machine collaboration are central. The paper also draws on recent smart-city scholarship to situate digital leadership within broader socio-technical ecosystems that require resilience, inclusiveness, and collective intelligence. Approach: Drawing on a systematic conceptual and comparative analysis of recent academic literature (2020–2025) and monographic findings, the author develops a multidimensional framework that connects digital leadership with the readiness dimensions of organizations – strategic, cultural, technological, and competency-based. Results: Digital leadership is defined as an integrative capability combining cognitive agility, technological fluency, and ethical responsibility. It serves as a driver of digital competence development by promoting continuous learning, psychological safety, and collaborative innovation, while reinforcing organizational readiness through a shared vision, adaptive culture, and data-driven decision-making. The study positions digital leadership as a structural enabler of HRM ecosystems,including those embedded in smart-city environments, where leaders orchestrate cross-sector collaboration and support institutional resilience. Implications: The paper enhances the theoretical understanding of leadership in digital contexts and offers practical guidance for researchers and educators developing frameworks for digital upskilling and organizational change. Value: The study’s originality lies in conceptualizing digital leadership as a meta-competence of HRM 5.0 – bridging individual digital skills, collective intelligence, and institutional readiness into a cohesive model that supports sustainable digital transformation.

Background: Hospital services today are required not only to provide quality medical services, but also to create a positive patient experience in order to increase trust and intention for repeat visits. Cempaka Putih Hospital faces challenges related to the image of the destination and the comfort of the physical environment of the service, especially due to market activities around the hospital, traffic density, and inconsistencies in communication between health workers. The purpose of this study aims to analyze the influence of destination image and servicescape on revisit intention with patient experience as an intervening variable in the Outpatient Unit of Cempaka Putih Hospital. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a coss-sectional design, involving 200 patients who visited  2 times in the outpatient unit of Cempaka Putih Hospital as respondents who were selected through saturated sampling techniques, Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Amos 25. The results of this study show that destination image, servicescape and patient experience have a significant effect on revisit intention. In addition, patient experience has been proven to be an intervening variable that mediates the relationship between the two independent variables and revisit intention. The managerial implication of this study is that there is a need to increase the intention of revisiting patients not only depending on the quality of medical services, but also on strengthening the hospital's destination image, improving the physical environment, and improving the quality of communication and patient experience. This research emphasizes the importance of holistic strategies that include cross-sector collaboration, human resource capacity building, and continuous monitoring of patient experience to strengthen hospital destination image and drive patient loyalty.