Cross Nanofluid Research Articles

Mathematical modeling and analysis of Cross nanofluid flow subjected to entropy generation

Here modeling and computations are performed to explore the aspects of entropy generation for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flow of Cross nanoliquid. Heat transfer process comprises thermal radiation and Joule heating. Moreover, phenomenal aspect of current review is to consider the characteristics of activation energy. The idea of combined convective conditions and zero mass flux relation is introduced first time. The similarity transformation helps to simplify the complex model in the form of nonlinear PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. Numerical algorithm leads to solution computations. The numerical solutions of temperature, nanoparticle concentration fields, Nusselt number and coefficient of skin friction are exhibited via plots. It is noticed that radiation factor increases the thermal field and related layer thickness. Moreover, the obtained data reveal that profiles of Bejan number intensify for augmented values of radiation parameter. Intensifies

Characteristics of chemical processes and heat source/sink with wedge geometry

The motivation of the current study demonstrates an experimental and theoretical issue discussed for time-dependent on Cross nanofluid in the presence of radiation and heat-source sink. Furthermore, the relation of nanomaterials with revised Buongiorno's is applied for mathematical modeling of Falkner Skan flow of unsteady Cross fluid. The PDE's of time dependent governing equations of velocity, temperature and concentration are converted into highly non-linear ODE's. The profile of these ODE's are solved to obtain a numerical solution by using a Matlab technique Bvp4c. Physically, the effects of various relevant parameters are investigated diagrammatically. Numerical results resume that fluid temperature increasing with higher convection parameter. Furthermore, the rate of heat transfer is faster with growth in thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameter. Also, this paper looks on the effect of a physical parameter of local Skin fraction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed, and correlation is totally furnished in obtained results with earlier published works.

Theoretical aspects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion for three-dimensional flow of the cross fluid with activation energy

The current review proclaims the forced convective flow and heat–mass transfer characteristics of cross nanofluid past a bidirectional stretched surface. The most significant aim of the current review is to incorporate the features of Buongiorno relation, activation energy, nonlinear thermal radiation and heat sink–source for a three-dimensional flow of the cross fluid. Appropriate transformations are employed to transform the modelled partial differential equations (PDEs) of momentum, temperature and concentration into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The governing boundary value problem is numerically integrated with the help of bvp4c scheme. The obtained numerical data are plotted for the temperature and concentration profiles of nanofluid for various converging values of physical parameters. The dependence of increasing thermophysical parameters on temperature and concentration profiles of the cross nanofluid is graphically demonstrated. Furthermore, detailed study reveals that the concentration of the cross nanofluid decreases for increasing values of Brownian motion parameter. It is also perceived from the sketches that the concentration of the cross nanofluid decreases for higher values of chemical reaction parameter. The validity of the achieved numerical outcomes is ensured by making a comparison with the existing work as special cases.

Numerical simulation for solar energy aspects on unsteady convective flow of MHD Cross nanofluid: A revised approach

A numerical analysis for unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Cross nanofluid subject to non-linear thermal radiation is carried out. The Buongiorno’s nanofluid model involving Brownian motion and thermophoresis is adopted. Two more realistic conditions namely convective condition and zero nanoparticles mass flux condition are implemented on the boundary. Mathematical problem is modelled with the aid of momentum, temperature as well as nanoparticles concentration equations adopting suitable transforming variables. The resulting highly nonlinear differential systems are solved numerically with the help of shooting Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. Numerical computations for Nusselt number as well as skin friction coefficient are performed. Variations of velocity, temperature as well as nanoparticles concentration profiles are examined by varying the involved parameters. A comparative analysis is conducted between existing study and present investigation in limiting case and found to be in excellent agreement. It is interesting to note that thermal as well as nanoparticles concentration boundary layer thicknesses are the upgrading functions of unsteadiness parameter. Additionally, rate of heat transfer is depreciated by upgrading the values of radiation parameter as well as thermophoresis parameter. Furthermore, the magnitude of wall shear stress is an enhancing function of the magnetic parameter. It is also noted that rate of heat transfer enhance with the enhancement of temperature ratio parameter as well as Biot number.

Activation energy impact in nonlinear radiative stagnation point flow of Cross nanofluid

Here modeling and computations are presented to introduce the novel concept of activation energy in mixed convective magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow towards a stretching surface. Chemical reaction at the surface is implemented. Nanofluid aspects for thermophoresis and Brownian motion have been considered. Nonlinear thermal radiation and heat absorption/generation are presented. Nonlinear computations have been presented using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) Numerical Method. Main focus in this study for the description of velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration. Skin friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are computed and discussed in Tables. Our investigations reveal that species concentration enhances for higher estimation of activation energy variable. Nusselt and Sherwood numbers show similar behavior for rising values of Weissenberg number.

Plasma calcium and organic phosphorus following intravenous injection of parathyroid extract—A study on the source of mobilized calcium: Chiau Tsai and Fong-Yen-Hsu. Chinese J. Physiol. 4: 3, 1930

Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling are presented to propose the innovative concept of activation energy and binary chemical reaction aspects on unsteady axisymmetric flow of Cross nanofluid past a radially stretching surface. Non-linear thermal radiation is also taken into account. A revised model of nanoparticles is adopted to examine the impact of thermophoresis as well as Brownian diffusion on heat transfer mechanism. Boundary layer approximation is implemented to model the basic equations of nanoparticle concentration, thermal energy and momentum for Cross nanofluid in axisymmetric flow case. We have employed dimensionless quantities to alter the leading PDEs into nonlinear ODEs system. The numerical simulation is executed with the help of shooting Runge-Kutta Fehlberg approach. The heat transfer rate and resistance opposing to flow are measured with the guidance of Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient relations respectively. Fabulous results are achieved and also compared with existing work and noticed to be in excellent agreement. It is interesting to found that larger estimation of activation energy parameter resulted in the increment of nanoparticle concentration field. Additionally, nanoparticle concentration layer thickness is depreciated for higher values of temperature difference parameter and chemical reaction rate parameter. Furthermore, magnitude of surface drag force is diminished for appreciating values of Weissenberg number.