Cross-cultural Adaptation Of Self-report Measures Research Articles

The Validity and Reliability of the Serbian Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version.

Background and Objectives: Smartphone use has been rapidly increasing worldwide, which has brought possible smartphone addiction into the focus of research. In order to identify potential smartphone addicts, several scales were developed to assess smartphone addiction. Among them, the Smartphone Addiction Scale was frequently used. The study aimed to test the reliability and validity of the Serbian version of the SAS-SV and estimate smartphone addiction prevalence among medical students. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in December 2018 on a convenience sample of 323 third-year medical students. The cross-cultural adaptation was performed following the well-established guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported measures. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the structure of the questionnaire. Factor extraction was performed by principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. For test–retest reliability, students completed the questionnaire twice within seven days. Results: The Serbian version of the SAS-SV showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89) and excellent reliability for test–retest scores (ICC = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.92–0.96). Factor analysis supported the extraction of one factor, which explained 51.538% of the variance. To explore convergent validity furthermore, the SAS-SV was correlated with time indicators of smartphone use. According to cut-off values for the SAS-SV score, 19.5% of students could be regarded as “addicted”, and often spent more time on smartphones and social networks on working days and weekends than “not addicted” students. Conclusions: The Serbian version of the SAS-SV is a reliable and valid instrument for detecting smartphone addiction among university students. Further research on this issue is encouraged to enable a better understanding of this ever-increasing public health issue.

Validity and Reliability of Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire (Lymph-ICF) Thai Version

Objective: The study objective is to adapt the Lymphoedema functioning, disability and health questionnaire (Lymph-ICF) for use in the Thai language and to investigate the validity and reliability of the Thai version. Materials and Methods: This study was done in 5 stages in line with established guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures; 1) Initial translation 2) Synthesis of the translations 3) Back translation 4) Expert committee review and 5) Test of the prefinal version. The face validity was assessed by interview content experts. In the assessment of the validity of the construct, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlations between the scores of the Thai Lymph-ICF and the scores of the Thai EQ-5D-5L. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to establish test-retest reliability while Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of the whole questionnaire and of each domain. Results: Fifty participants were evaluated for validity and reliability. Face validity was supported. Construct validity showed strong correlations between the scores of the Thai Lymph-ICF and the scores of the Thai EQ-5D-5L. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were both excellent. Conclusion: The Lymph-ICF Thai version was shown to be both valid and reliable for evaluating the quality of life of patients with breast cancer-related lymphoedema.

A Systematic Review of Self-Reported Outcome Measures Assessing Disability Following Hand and Upper Extremity Conditions in Persian Population.

Background:Disability following hand and upper extremity conditions is common. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) are used to capture patients’ status subjectively. This review has aimed to synthesis the literature regarding the extent and methodological quality of translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric properties of the hand and upper extremity disability PROs in the Persian language. Methods:Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psychinfo, Scopus, ISI, Science direct, and Google Scholar) were searched until May 2020. Studies reporting cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties testing of the Persian validated disability PROs of the hand and upper extremity were identified. We appraised the eligible studies using Guidelines for the Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation of Self-report Measures and COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) risk of bias checklist.Results: Out of 98 identified records, 22 studies on 17 PROs were reviewed. Most of the PROs (47%) were region-specific and the others were condition-specific (29%) and multi-region (24%). Most of the studies (67%) followed 80 to 100% of the recommended steps for cross-cultural adaptation and translation of a PRO. The evidence of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity was available for all the PROs. Structural validity, measurement error, and responsiveness were evaluated for five, six, and four PROs, respectively. The overall risk of bias ranged from “inadequate” to “very good” for all studies. Conclusion: A reasonable number of PROs for the evaluation of hand and upper extremity disability are available in the Persian language. Although all of them are not of very good psychometric properties, they all have sufficient quality to be used in clinical settings.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the scale National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score (NEDOCS) for use in Brazil.

To describe the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score (NEDOCS) into the Portuguese language for use in Brazil. Methodological study of translation and cross-cultural adaptation into the Portuguese language of Brazil, founded in the recommendations of the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures, that comprise the stages of initial translation; synthesis of the translations; back-translation; committee of experts; pretesting and introduction of the scale to the author. The Portuguese-adapted scale presented semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalence with the original one; the total value of the Cronbach`s Alpha was -0,401 due to the non-positive intercorrelation among the scale items. The NEDOCS scale has proved to be a reliable instrument to be utilized in the real-time monitoring of the assignment of emergency services. Thus, it contributes to the managerial and assistance processes besides providing health indicators.

Systematic review of the quality of the cross-cultural adaptations of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH).

Background: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Outcome Measure is a widely used patient reported outcome measure. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of translation procedures and assessment of the psychometric properties of cross-cultural adaptations of the DASH. Methods: We reviewed the literature to identify all published studies of cultural adaptations of the DASH questionnaire. For the quality assessment, we used Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures, Quality Criteria for Psychometric Properties of Health Status Questionnaire and COSMIN Checklist for Cross-Cultural Validity. Results: We included 25 articles with 26 versions of the DASH. Only the Puerto Rican version followed all six of the processes of cross-cultural adaptation. None of the versions assessed all eight measurement properties for Quality Criteria for Psychometric Properties of Health Status Questionnaire and none of them had a positive rating from agreement, internal consistency, responsiveness and interpretability. All the studies got a poor rating according to the COSMIN checklist. Discussion: None of the versions got a good rating from all three checklists. We observed that supplementary tests for the adaptations are necessary, especially for assessing agreement, responsiveness and interpretability. We concluded that all versions need more research on psychometric properties.

Characteristics and Trends of the Most Cited Spine Publications.

Bibliometric literature review. The aim of this study was to recognize and analyze the most frequently cited manuscripts published in the journal Spine. Although the journal Spine is considered a premiere location for distributing influential spine research, no previous study has evaluated which of their publications have had the most impact. Knowledge and appreciation of the most influential Spine publications can guide and inspire future research endeavors. Using the Scopus database, the 100 most cited articles published in Spine were accessed. The frequency of citations, year of publication, country of origin, level-of-evidence (LOE), article type, and contributing authors/institutions were recorded. The 10 most cited articles (per year) from the past decade were also determined. "Guidelines For The Process Of Cross-Cultural Adaptation Of Self-Report Measures" by Beaton DE was the most cited article with 2960 citations. 2000 to 2009 (n = 46) was the most productive period. A LOE of III (n = 35) followed by II (n = 34) were the most common. Deyo RA (n = 8), Bombardier C (n = 6), and Waddell G (n = 6) produced the most articles. University of Washington (n = 8) and University of Toronto (n = 8) ranked first for institutional output. Clinical Outcome (n = 28) was the most recurring article topic. The United States (n = 51) ranked first for country of origin. Using citation analysis as an objective proxy for influence, certain publications can be distinguished from others due to their lasting impact and recognition from peers. Of the top cited Spine publications, many pertained to clinical outcomes (28%) and had a LOE of I, II, or III (60%). Although older publications have had longer time to accrue citations, those in the most recent decade comprise this list almost 2:1. Knowledge of these "classic" publications allows for a better overall understanding of the diagnosis, management, and future direction of spine health care.Level of Evidence: 3.

Developing the Korean Educational Needs Assessment Tool (Korean ENAT) in rheumatoid arthritis: cross-cultural validation using Rasch analysis.

Background/AimsThis study was performed to undertake cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Educational Needs Assessment Tool (ENAT) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for use in Korea.MethodsThe study involved two main phases: cross-cultural adaptation of the ENAT from English into Korean, and validation of the Korean ENAT. The first phase followed the established process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures, and in the second phase, the Korean ENAT data were analyzed using the Rasch measurement model. Fit to the model was determined using the observed data infit and outfit statistics. Additional tests of validity included unidimensionality and internal consistency.ResultsAdequate conceptual equivalence was achieved following the adaptation process. A total of 123 patients completed the Korean ENAT. The mean age was 46.7 ± 12.3 years and the majority of patients (81.3%) were female. Thirty-five of the 39 items gave good fit to the model. The four items deviating from the model had infit and outfit > 1.50. The item separation index (5.26) and item reliability index (0.97) provided evidence for good reliability of items. All seven domains of the Korean ENAT fit the Rasch model. The internal consistency of the Korean ENAT was high, and unidimensionality was confirmed (person separation index, 3.41; reliability index, 0.92; item separation index, 16.82; reliability index, 1.00).ConclusionsUsing the standard procedure for cross-cultural adaptation, the ENAT has been adapted into Korean, and Rasch analysis has confirmed the construct validity, reliability, and unidimensionality of the Korean ENAT.

Spanish translation and psychometric evaluation of the Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection scale

The objective of this work was to make an intercultural adaptation and provide a Spanish translation and psychometric evaluation of the original English version of the Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection (HPKRP) scale. The Spanish translation was carried out following international guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. A cross-sectional design study was carried out. One hundred and thirty-eight nurses from four different hospitals in Barcelona (Spain) completed the Spanish version of the scale. The total score of the scale was calculated. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to evaluate a possible correlation between score and years of experience. A t-test for independent samples was used to evaluate significant differences between different groups. Cronbach’s alpha, the corrected item–total correlation coefficient and the test–retest coefficient were used to determine internal consistency. The exploratory factor and parallel analysis were also calculated. All statistical tests were carried out with a level of significance α = 0.05. The mean scale score was poor among Spanish nurses. The PCC between total score and years of experience showed a non-significant correlation (p > 0.05). No differences were found between nurses who worked in radiation-exposed units and those who worked in units without radiation exposure (p > 0.05). A Cronbach α of 0.98 was obtained for the items of the scale. The corrected item–total correlation range was 0.5–0.8. The test–retest correlation coefficient was 0.9. The exploratory analysis factor showed a single factorial structure which explained 60.86% of the variance. The new scale translated into Spanish (Sp-HPKRP) could be used to evaluate the degree of knowledge about radiological protection.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Pain Scale for Plantar Fasciitis to Spanish

The aim of this study was the validation and transcultural adaptation of the Pain Scale for Plantar Fasciitis to Spanish, following the steps defined by "Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures." A cross-sectional study was driven in 153 patients with unilateral plantar fasciitis diagnosis. Statistical analysis measured the internal consistency, the test-retest reliability, the construct validity with the Spanish version of Foot and Function Index, and a factorial analysis. The questionnaire Pain Scale for Plantar Fasciitis was also given to a group of 10 people who received a physiotherapy treatment based on manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and health education, which aim was to determine the questionnaire's sensitivity to changes. The questionnaire showed high internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.99, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98 [0.97-0.98]), good convergent validity with a moderate correlation with the Foot and Function Index (rho = 0.677, p < .0001) and no floor or ceiling effects were detected. The factorial analysis revealed that the first 3 factors showed 42.47% of variance, finding only 1 latent feature. Statistically significant differences were found in those patients who received physiotherapy treatment after 1 month, revealing that the questionnaire was sensitive to changes in the symptoms of subjects with plantar fasciitis. The Spanish version of Pain Scale for Plantar Fasciitis has proved to be a valid, reliable, and change-sensitive tool for patients with plantar fasciitis.

A Hybrid Method for the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures

Cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported measures to other languages endeavors to enhance the validity and reliability of the instrument for the local population. Traditionally, qualified academicians or language experts performed the translation task, but nowadays, various online translation tools are available for the same. The present study intends to compare the validity of traditional and online modes of translation of self-reported measures, and to develop a hybrid method by combining the traditional and online methods to achieve an accurate translation cost-effectively. For this purpose, the existing English version of shame and stigma scale was translated into the Hindi language traditionally by language experts, Google translator, and by a hybrid method. The validity of translated versions was tested using the content validity index (CVI). The CVI score was found to be 0.94 for the traditional method, which is significantly higher compared to the online translation method in which the CVI score was 0.42. CVI score in the hybrid method comes to be 0.84. The present study suggests that the online translation method alone is insufficient for the accurate translation of questionnaires and, therefore, it is recommended that hybrid method should be followed for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures to impart high accuracy in a cost-effective manner.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Analysis of the Persian Version of the ICEpop CAPability Measure for Adults Capability Measure in the Iranian General Population

ObjectivesThe ICEpop CAPability measure for adults (ICECAP-A) is a measure of capability well-being for adults and, by focusing on more than health, can extend the evaluative space of economic evaluations. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the ICECAP-A questionnaire into Persian to assess the construct validity and reliability of the ICECAP-A in the Iranian general population. MethodsIn this study, we followed Beaton’s guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1200 members of the general population using a stratified probability sampling method. The construct validity and reliability of the ICECAP-A were evaluated in relation to the EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). ResultsAfter translating and adapting the questionnaire, the term “being settled” was changed to “stability” for the Iranian cultural context. A moderate correlation (r = 0.48) was found between the ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-5L index scores, and the ICECAP-A scores showed differences across different health and socio-economic groups. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the 2 instruments measured 2 different constructs. In terms of reliability, the internal consistency of the measure using Cronbach’s alpha was found to be 0.82 and for test–retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was found to be 0.90 for total scores. ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the Persian version of the ICECAP-A is a valid and reliable questionnaire and can complement EQ-5D measures already used in Iran.

Cultural Adaptation of the Spanish Version of the Perceptions of Play Scale

Play is crucial for healthy child development; yet, the time dedicated to free play during the pre-school years has decreased in both school and home environments. Parental beliefs influence the activities in which children engage in daily life; therefore, exploring these beliefs is a first step to understand possible reasons for the decreased frequency of free play. Instruments developed for this purpose are scarce and, to date, none of them is available in Spanish. We adapted and assessed the psychometric properties of the Perceptions of Play Scale (PPS) and developed the Spanish version of the instrument (i.e., PPS-S). We followed Beaton and colleagues’ Guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures, which describes two stages, namely translation and adaptation of the instrument, and assessment of its psychometric properties. During the first stage, a panel of 5 experts developed the preliminary version of the PPS-S. This version of the scale was piloted in a sample of 28 early childhood educators and parents of preschool children, whose feedback informed the development of the final version of the instrument. During the second stage, 452 parents of pre-school children completed the PPS-S to assess its psychometric properties. An Exploratory Factor analysis showed high to excellent reliabilities for the three PPS-S subscales and the complete questionnaire. The PPS-S is a valuable, culturally sensitive tool for exploring parental beliefs about three aspects of play (i.e., frequency, playful character, and academic contribution) and could contribute to studies to promote this activity in Chilean children.

Thai translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Spinal Cord Injury Falls Concern Scale (SCI-FCS).

Translation and adaptation study. To translate and cross culturally adapt the Spinal Cord Injury Falls Concern Scale (SCI-FCS) English version into Thai, and to examine content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. A tertiary rehabilitation center in Thailand. The SCI-FCS was translated into Thai and culturally translated according to guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Content validity was examined by the Index of item-objective congruence (IOC). Moreover, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were tested by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) models (3, 1), respectively. Three items were modified to accommodate cultural differences. After synthesis and cross adaptation, the IOC was 1.0. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88 (range 0.86-0.89) and the ICC of total scores was 0.99 (P < 0.001, range of the subitems 0.98-1). In addition, items that Thai participants scored as being the highest concern of falling were item 13: pushing wheelchair up/down gutters or curbs, item 14: pushing wheelchair up/down a slope, and item 12: pushing wheelchair on an uneven surface. The SCI-FCS-Thai version is a reliable and valid outcome measure for assessing concern about falling in wheelchair users with SCI in Thailand.

Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Methotrexate Intolerance Severity Score in Brazilian Portuguese for Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The Methotrexate Intolerance Severity Score (MISS) questionnaire is used to identify intolerance to methotrexate (MTX), but it is not available in the Brazilian Portuguese language. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the MISS in Brazilian Portuguese. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the MISS was developed following the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation of Self-report Measures. The new version was tested in 120 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. For the reliability assessment, the Cronbach α coefficient was used. The receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed with the objective of finding the best cutoff point for MTX intolerance and weighing the sensitivity and specificity. The concordance among the results was analyzed using the κ coefficient and factorial analysis with varimax rotation. This methodological study developed and applied a culturally acceptable Brazilian Portuguese version of the MISS. The MISS questionnaire presented internal consistency classified as "very good" because Cronbach α is equal to 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.87). The suitability of the data for factorial analysis was demonstrated using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample adequacy test (KMO = 0.723) and Bartlett sphericity test (χ2 = 499.98, p < 0.001). It was observed that a factorial analysis with 3 factors is preferred; the receiver operating characteristic curve of the MISS score was considered the cutoff point at 6 points (sensitivity 100% and specificity 89.4%). The Brazilian Portuguese version of the MISS is valid and reliable for the detection of MTX intolerance in clinical practice.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the "Cardiff wound impact schedule," a wound-specific quality of life instrument, to the native Spanish of Mexican patients.

The aim of this study was to translate into Mexican Spanish, cross-culturally adapt and validate the wound-specific quality of life (QoL) instrument Cardiff wound impact schedule (CWIS) for Mexican patients. This instrument went through the full linguistic translation process based on the guidelines of Beaton et al (Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB, Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures, Spine Phila Pa, 1976, 2000, 318-391). We included a total of 500 patients with chronic leg ulcers. The expert committee evaluated the Face validity and they agreed unanimously that the instrument was adequate to assess the QoL of these patients, covering all relevant areas presented by them. The content validity index obtained was of 0.95. The construct validity demonstrated moderately significant correlations between related sub-scales of CWIS and SF-36 (P = .010 to P < .001). The instrument was able to discriminate between healed and unhealed ulcers. The instrument obtained an overall Cronbach's alpha of .952, corresponding to an excellent internal consistency (.903-.771 alpha range for domains). The CWIS can be appropriately used to assess the health-related QoL of Mexican patients with chronic leg ulcers.

Assessing the learning of knowledge work competence in higher education – cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the Collaborative Knowledge Practices Questionnaire

ABSTRACTThe Collaborative Knowledge Practices Questionnaire (CKP) is an instrument designed to measure the learning of knowledge-work competence in education. The focus is on qualities of knowledge work which can be learned and taught in multiple educational settings and which may be especially important for courses with collaborative assignments. The original instrument was theoretically based on the knowledge-creation metaphor of learning. The instrument has been validated in Finnish based on student responses from a large number of higher education courses. The validation of the instrument resulted in seven scales relating to different aspects of interdisciplinary, collaborative development of knowledge-objects using digital technology. This study aimed to cross-culturally translate and adapt the original instrument into English and perform an exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) analysis in order to investigate whether the same factorial solution of the instrument also works in English in higher education courses in international settings. The original instrument was translated according to established guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The translated version has been tested in courses in medical education, online teaching and problem solving. The results provided evidence that the latent factor model found in the original instrument provided a good fit also for the adapted questionnaire.

Early integration of palliative care: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and content validity of the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool in a Swedish healthcare context.

Timely identification of patients with palliative care needs is a prerequisite for being able to carry out effective and equal palliative care. The Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) identifies patients likely to benefit from a palliative approach. The main objective was to describe the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and content validation process of the SPICT-SE. In this process, the prefinal SPICT-SE was tested in focus group interviews to explore how the tool was perceived and interpreted by healthcare professionals in a Swedish healthcare context. In this qualitative descriptive study, the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and content validation process of the SPICT-SE was based on a recommended method for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The process included two independent forward translations, a synthesis, and one independent back-translation. An expert committee consolidated all the versions and developed the prefinal version of the SPICT-SE. The prefinal version of the SPICT-SE was tested in four focus group interviews with physicians and nurses engaged in inpatient or outpatient care in south-west Sweden. A thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews was performed. The SPICT-SE was then revised to the final version. In the thematic analysis, four themes were constructed that together described how the SPICT-SE was perceived and interpreted by healthcare professionals: The mindset is familiar and relevant; the tool needs to be adjusted in order to be clearer; the purpose and consequences of the tool are ambiguous; and the tool supports a palliative approach. The SPICT-SE has now been successfully translated, culturally adapted and content validated in a Swedish healthcare context.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Japanese version of the Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale-II (J-AITCS-II).

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Several countries have developed interprofessional competency frameworks for interprofessional collaboration (IPC) that have the potential to improve healthcare processes and outcomes. However, there is no consensus on the assessment of IPC in clinical practice. The Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale-II (AITCS-II) is a validated questionnaire used to measure IPC among team members. Methods: We translated the original AITCS into Japanese according to the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures and verified its reliability and cultural adaptability. Healthcare staff at a hospital and welfare facilities with multiple departments were asked to complete the Japanese version of the AITCS. Results: The data of 558 responses were analyzed. Factor analysis of the Japanese version of the AITCS-II identified two factors: "Patient-centered collaborative care" and "Teamwork among healthcare professionals" with a Cronbach's α > 0.7 for all items and subscales. Discussion: The identified factors differed from those in the original questionnaire, which may be warranted considering the differences in the relationship between patients and healthcare professionals in Japan compared to Western countries. The Japanese version of the AITCS-II (J-AITCS-II) is a reliable and valid questionnaire, and further research should confirm its robustness and usefulness for improving IPC.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation And Pilot Testing Of The Cancer Care Coordination Questionnaire For Patients (CCCQ-P) In Chinese And Arabic Languages.

BackgroundThe Cancer Care Coordination Questionnaire for Patients (CCCQ-P) has been designed to measure patients’ experience of this crucial aspect of their cancer care. Migrants are at particular risk of receiving poorly coordinated cancer care due to challenges in communication as well as unfamiliarity with the health system and roles of health professionals. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and pilot test the CCCQ-P in Chinese and Arabic languages.MethodsThis study followed an established five-stage process for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The CCCQ-P was forward and back-translated into Arabic, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese languages by two independent translators. An expert committee review panel appraised the translations, resulting in a pre-final version in the target languages. Face validity, content validity, and consistency of the translated CCCQ-P were then assessed in a sample of bilingual former cancer patients and health professionals. In addition, structured interviews were conducted to explore the meaning of each question and responses to participants.ResultsThirteen health professionals (7 Chinese, 6 Arabic) and 19 former cancer patients (11 Chinese, 8 Arabic) participated in the face validation. Across both language groups, participants agreed that the cross-culturally adapted and translated versions had clear instructions and response options that were appropriate and understandable. All items were considered important and significant to the tool and so no item was removed. Complex medical words caused some differences in preferred terminology in Arabic and Chinese; however, participants agreed that the meaning of the questions and response options was not lost.ConclusionThe Arabic, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese cross-culturally adapted and piloted versions of the CCCQ-P are useful tools to measure patients’ experience of cancer care coordination. Further validation and psychometric testing of the instrument are warranted.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Module for Assessment of Domestic Violence, adapted from Axis I of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2), with a sample of Brazilian women, victims of domestic violence.

Intimate partner domestic violence against women causes physical and psychological harm to victims. The relevance of this topic is indisputable and there is a need to identify in greater detail how these women experience violence, since these factors have considerable clinical implications. To develop a Portuguese version of the Module for Assessment of Domestic Violence, adapted from Axis I of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2), considering content validity and psychometric characteristics. Cross-cultural adaptation was based on guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. OPD clinical interviews were recorded and transcribed. These interviews were analyzed by two independent judges trained in the OPD-2. The sample comprised 56 women who had been victims of domestic violence, with a mean age of 30.07 years (standard deviation = 9.65). The adapted version has content validity and good psychometric characteristics. Evaluation of semantic equivalence took into account the psychodynamic references, using the same ideas as the original instrument. Interexaminer reliability between the judges was substantial (k = 0.63) and Cronbach's alpha for the new version indicates good reliability. The OPD-2 offers a psychodynamic diagnosis of the victim that complements traditional nosological diagnosis, particularly in the context of domestic violence with the adaptation of Axis I. Certain biases could have been detrimental to aspects of this study, but they were controlled. The study objective was achieved and the Module was successfully adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The results are in line with those of the original study.