Critical Point Of View Research Articles

Evaluation of a stand-alone CHP-Hybrid system using a multi-criteria decision making due to the sustainable development goals

The world today revolves around energy, especially in the forms of electricity and heat. Distributed microgrids that incorporate renewable energy sources with conventional fossil fuels have especially gained strong momentum for providing power to rural areas. The present paper discusses the optimization of a hybrid system composed of CHP-based diesel generators (DG), a natural gas boiler, photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT), and a battery bank (BAT) under tropical weather conditions. The HOMER optimization algorithm and sensitivity analysis tool are used to analyze the effect of project variables such as component prices, renewable resources potential, power grid breakeven distance, and power consumption profile on performance. The optimum scenario using only economic factors and assuming cycle charging is a PV/WT/DG/BAT/Boiler system with 6 kW of WT, 7.55 kW of PV, 10 kW of DG, and 21 kWh of battery that can achieve a 0.143 $/kWh cost of energy with a renewable fraction of 37.1%. Implementation of TOPSIS method considering sustainable development goals for criteria weighting eliminates the DG, and leads to a 100% renewable configuration of PV/WT/BAT/Boiler with 18 kW of WT, 33.2 kW of PV, 119 kWh of battery, and 0.301 $/kWh cost of energy. The main contribution of this study can be seen in providing a new approach for weighting the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making process based on UN sustainable development goals. Furthermore, comparing the economic optimization results with multi-criteria optimization results for a stand-alone CHP unit provides a critical point of view on studies with a single-objective decision making process.

A Critical Overview of English Language Education Policy in Turkey

The present chapter which sets a critical perspective delves into the English language education (ELE) policy in Turkey in the light of the innovations that have been proposed by the ministry of education (MoNE) at macro level. The study covers a wide range of topics that shed light into the following issues: history of ELE in Turkey, factors affecting ELE namely; geographical and social dimensions, globalization and internationalization. Moreover, the innovations that have been proposed for ELE and their reflections in practice are also discussed from a critical stance. As a final issue, the problems that have been experienced as a result of the implementation of innovations and possible solutions that might help overcome those hardships are explained from a critical point of view.

Employing Nanosafety Standards in a Nanomaterial Research Environment: Lessons Learned and Refinement Potential

Extensive research is currently being conducted on nanotechnologies worldwide, and the applications of nanomaterials are continuously expanding. Given their unique intrinsic characteristics, such as their small size and increased reactivity, nanomaterials may pose an occupational, environmental or consumer hazard. Therefore, a highly important aspect of ensuring the sustainable use of nanotechnologies is the establishment of proper health and safety practices. The area of nanosafety research has produced significant outcomes the last decades, and many of these achievements have been reflected in the standardization field. In this work, a discussion of prominent nanosafety standards (ISO/TS 12901-2:2014 and ISO/TR 12885:2018) is presented, based on the barriers faced during the endeavor to apply their principles within a research context. A critical viewpoint regarding their application is presented, and gaps faced in adapting the standards to the materials and processes applied are noted. Additionally, approaches that were followed to circumvent these gaps are also highlighted as suggestions to potentially overcome these barriers in future standardization efforts.

Composing in virtual immersion: avatar and representation

This article presents a specific case study centered around the question of music composers in immersion, stemming from the EUR ArTeC project “VR Auditory Space, Sound Spatialization in VR Immersion.” How does creating a spatialization environment designed for virtual reality determine an electronic music composer’s way of interacting with this space? In-game programming and editing requires thinking about how to integrate a full-body or complete avatarial representation. This article seeks to address all of the problems we have encountered from a technical, philosophical, and critical point of view.

Students’ Challenges and Support Needed in Reaching Academic Literacies in Higher Education: In-Depth Interviews with Swedish Students

<p style="text-align:justify">The aim of this study is to capture and analyse perspectives on higher education from the views of five students through in-depth interviews. The students' statements are analyzed in order to gain an understanding of their experiences of developing academic literacies in their university studies. They are regularly visiting the university study workshop for help with their exam assignments. The following questions have been formulated to fulfil the aim of the study: (a) what aspects of studies in higher education do the students express as important, favorable, or unfavorable, for their development of academic literacies? and (b) in what way do the students value the study workshops as an educational tool? The analysis reveals three themes: the importance of explicit support structures, the importance of teachers’ feedback, and the importance of using the students’ pedagogical capital. The results also show that the students highly value the study workshop when they reflect upon the one-to-one feedback, but the support seems to be insufficient both in supporting them to be more independent in their studies and in developing academic literacies from a critical and epistemological point of view.</p>

Exploring meaningful outcome domains of recovery following lower limb amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation: the patient’s perspective

Purpose There is currently no consensus regarding what outcome domains to measure following lower limb prosthetic rehabilitation. Prosthetic users have a unique insight into important outcome domains, little is currently known about their critical viewpoint. Materials and methods A total of 37 participants who underwent lower limb amputation in the last five years were recruited from UK limb fitting centres and social media. Data were collected using focus groups and interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Five themes were identified. 1) The ability to participate in important activities, 2) how participants were able to undertake these activities, i.e., independently, with ease, safely and with minimal equipment. 3) A comfortable, easy-to-use prosthesis, 4) the importance of managing pain and finally, 5) adjusting and accepting their new normal. These five themes, or outcome domains, did not exist in isolation, but appeared to interact with each other, contributing to, or inhibiting the participant’s holistic sense of recovery. Conclusions Understanding important outcome domains that define what recovery means to people following amputation can help to inform domain consensus, as well as direct the focus of rehabilitation. Domain consensus would guide the selection of measurement tools that evaluate prosthetic interventions in a meaningful way. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION There is currently no consensus around which outcome domains should be measured following prosthetic rehabilitation. Outcome domains of importance from a patient’s perspective focus on participation in important activities, prosthesis comfort, pain management, and acceptance of their new normal. Identifying these domains can help direct the focus of rehabilitation as well as inform outcome measurement practice. The interrelated nature of these domains suggests the need for a physical and psychosocial multi-domain approach to outcome measurement in prosthetic rehabilitation, with patient priorities at its centre.

Conserving the unique aquatic ecosystem of the Jiuzhai National Heritage Site after the 2017 earthquake: Achievements and challenges

Water resources are the key link within the unique landscape of the Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage Site. However, the earthquake on 8 August 2017 induced serious damage to the ecosystem of the Jiuzhaigou region. Water resource quantity was threatened by the direct destruction of the connectivity between the upstream and downstream river systems, whereas water quality and the original aquatic ecosystem were worsened indirectly by secondary disasters, such as landslides and debris flows triggered by earthquakes. It is urgent to protect water resources to maintain a healthy aquatic ecosystem for the Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage Site. Therefore, water resource protection strategies are developed by collaboratively considering water quantity, quality and aquatic ecology, including 1) studying the relationship between upstream and downstream in terms of water supply and connectivity, 2) developing emergency plans for extreme precipitation disasters and ecological water regulation schemes for extreme drought, 3) clarifying the impact of vegetation management measures on water conservation, nutrient cycling and water quality, 4) separating the contributions of earthquakes from related disasters, hydrodynamic changes, and lake bank vegetation succession to lake swamping, 5) identifying the potential water pollution risk caused by ecological restoration projects, analyzing the sources of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and atmospheric acid deposits and developing control measures, and 6) systematically evaluating aquatic ecological health and determining water ecological protection and restoration measures. This review may provide critical viewpoints for conserving aquatic ecosystems, not only in the Jiuzhai World Natural Heritage Site but also in other global conserved aquatic parks.

Uncertainty evaluation of data acquisition and analysis system relevant to infrared flowing medium laser

In flowing medium Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL), Singlet oxygen is produced by the exothermic reaction of basic hydrogen peroxide solution and chlorine gas. It pumps the iodine and lasing process takes place by stimulated emission. Laser power is extracted using cavity. Development of customized data acquisition system is essential for measurements and analysis of both fundamental (temperature, pressure, level) as well as derived parameters (lasing medium concentration, flow rates of gases and laser power). The focus of the present paper is to dwell on uncertainty evaluation of a complex gas laser source in terms of ascertaining influences of primary/fundamental variables and corresponding derived parameters along with manner of uncertainty propagation. The study facilitates determining the variables with most significant impact on system performance, critical form point of view from optimal functioning of large-scale systems. This enables prediction of overall system uncertainty potentially extendable to other similar laser systems involving subsystems with mutual interdependencies together being distributed over a significantly large laboratory space. The relative combined uncertainty is computed to be 8.3%. The methodology shows significant potential for true decision-making and control of realistic gas laser source operation using developed 150 channel Data Acquisition and Analysis System (DAAS).

CHARLES BURNETT’İN KOYUN KATİLİ FİLMİNDE ÖTEKİLİK

Charles Burnett’in yazıp yönettiği, Hollywood’un da sınırları içerisinde bulunduğu Los Angeles’ın başka bir bölgesi olan Watts’a ışık tutan Koyun Katili (Killer of Sheep, 1977), hikâyesinin ortaya çıkış fikrinden oyuncu seçimine kadar son derece etkileyici ve bir o kadar da gerçekçi tarzıyla sinema tarihindeki yerini almıştır. Umudun ve gerçekliğin çarpıştığı sahneleri, bu sahnelere eşlik eden müzikal zenginliği ve yaşama dair meselelerin işleniş biçimi ile film, seyirciyi anlatılan hikâyelerin bir paydaşına dönüştürmektedir. Bir mahalleyi ve bu mahallede ikamet eden bireylerin hikâyelerini ve gündelik hayat dinamiklerini odağına alarak Burnett, Kuzeyin hikâyesine aşina olanlara Güneyin hikâyesini, oldukça özgün ve bir o kadar da düşündürücü bir biçimde aktarmaktadır. Bir bağımsız sinema örneği olarak Koyun Katili filmi, Hollywood sinemasının dışında, hâkim anlatı tekniklerinin uzağında bir anlatı biçiminden yararlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Charles Burnett’in Koyun Katili filmi ötekilik fenomeni özelinde eleştirel bir bakış açısı ile ele alınmaktadır. Film, dönemin hâkim ideolojik kodlarına ışık tutması, bu kodları zaman zaman yeniden üreten Hollywood sinemasının dışında yer alan Siyah Bağımsız Sinema örneği olması bakımından çalışma kapsamında seçilmiştir. İdeoloji ve sinema arasındaki ilişki ve sinemanın bu anlamdaki dönüştürücü etkisi düşünüldüğünde hâkim anlatı biçimlerinin dışında bir anlatı biçimi ve tekniği ile Burnett, izleyiciye gerçeklikleri başka yönüyle sunmaktadır. Koyun Katili filmi ötekiliğin gündelik hayat içerisinde deneyimlenme biçimlerini yansıtarak, ötekilik fenomeninin sınıfsal, ırksal, mekânsal ve cinsiyetçi pratiklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu makalede başka bir anlatı türü olan bağımsız sinema özelinde ötekilik fenomenine odaklanılarak, “öteki” sinema, “öteki” mekân ve “öteki” kadınlık deneyimleri üzerinde durulmakta ve bu deneyimler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile tartışılmaktadır.

블랙코미디 장르 영화에서의 아이러니 표현기법

This study researched the irony expression technique used in the genre of black comedy film <Don’t look up> released in 2021 on Netflix. Black comedy is a genre that has the purpose of criticism, and proper delivery of this critical viewpoint through films is critical in this genre. To expose the theme, a film <Don’t Look Up> makes full use of ironic expressions. The comical effect of these expressions maintain the light atmosphere of this film, while emphasizing the parts to be criticized. A variety of ironic expression techniques in this work are worth analyzing since they are used as devices that can convey its message well. The investigator uses the classification of irony by Lee, Jeonggook, which classifies irony into dramatic irony, plot irony, irony of character, irony of place, irony of music, etc., to analyze the ironic expression techniques used in this film. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the irony occurs and find what effect it has on the narrative which may be helpful of creating scenario.

Qajar Period Literature and Critical Point of View on the Problem of Opioid Addiction; (Case Study: Sang-o-Sabo Talk Book)

Qajar Period Literature and Critical Point of View on the Problem of Opioid Addiction; (Case Study: Sang-o-Sabo Talk Book)

El-Muʻcemu’l-Arabiyyu'l-Êsâsî Sözlüğü Üzerinde Analitik İncelenme

The vocabulary work consists of several basic steps. These basic steps are: collecting information and facts, choosing elements, organizing, writing and achieving the final result. The dictionary is an element that preserves the linguistic heritage of the nation. This factor is pushing ancient and modern scientists to guide dictionaries on certain theories. Thus, this study aims to analyze the dictionary "al-Mu'cemu'l-Arabiyyu'l-Esâsî", which is one of the modern dictionaries and is encyclopedic and monolingual in nature, published by the Organization for Education, Culture and Science of the League of Arab States, prepared for those whose native language is not Arabic. The dictionary was published as a book titled "al-Mu'cemu'l-Arabiyyu'l-Esâsî" distributed by the Arab League Education Culture and Science Organization, Larousse Foundation. The first edition was published in 1989. This is a modern dictionary entering the fourth generation of the Arabic dictionary process. In addition, it is accepted as the third dictionary after the dictionary Muʻcemu'l-Vasît and Kâmûsu'l-Cedîd Li't-Tullâb due to its collective authorship. The dictionary contains about twenty-five thousand items arranged alphabetically from the root of the word. Thus, the dictionary is a reliable aid for Arab and non-Arab teachers, students and general intellectuals. In the study, after the definition, editions and authors of the dictionary are specified, information about the main features and purposes of the dictionary is given. Then, the compilation issue of the dictionary, its articles and the methods it followed were analyzed with the analytical method and the evaluation of the dictionary was given with a critical point of view.

Applying Two-level Utilitarianism and the Principle of Fairness to Mandatory Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Situation in South Korea.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean society has sought to vaccinate most of its population. Consequently, the Korean government has attempted to make vaccination compulsory by promoting awareness of its benefits. The administration has pushed for mandatory vaccination by claiming that vaccination is more beneficial than harmful, based on a utilitarian view. However, this view is difficult to justify based on the two levels of utilitarianism presented by R. M. Hare. Compulsory vaccination cannot satisfy the universalizability, nor the satisfaction of preference, and exposes the difficulties of utilitarianism. In addition, mandatory vaccination is difficult to justify based on the perspective of fairness theory, that is, “justice as the fairness” of John Rawls and H. L. A. Hart’s principle of fairness. From the point of view of Hare’s utilitarianism and fairness theory, it has been shown that mandatory vaccination is not easily justified. In reality, the power of the state continues to strengthen, and we should examine this situation from a critical point of view.

Role and Limits of COVID-19 Vaccines in the Delicate Transition from Pandemic Mitigation to Endemic Control

The recent surge of COVID-19 related to the Omicron variant emergence has thrown a harsh light upon epidemic control in the near future. This should lead the scientific and medical community to question the long-term vaccine strategy for SARS-CoV-2 control. We provide here a critical point of view regarding the virological evolution, epidemiological aspects, and immunological drivers for COVID-19 control, including a vaccination strategy. Overall, we need more innovations in vaccine development to reduce the COVID-19 burden long term. The most adequate answer might be better cooperation between universities, biotech and pharmaceutical companies

Critical insights from alloys and composites of Ni-based electrocatalysts for HER on NaCl electrolyte

It is critical to minimize the cost of materials and inputs used in hydrogen production and to create solutions for large-scale generation to reduce the cost of hydrogen produced. Seawater is a natural low-cost electrolyte with high Na + and Cl - concentrations, among other soluble salts. Chloride ions allow a highly corrosive media to the materials typically used as electrodes. In this work, we have prepared and tested different Ni-based catalysts for hydrogen evolution in NaCl-containing solutions. NiMo alloy, Ni(WO 3 ), and Ni(Nb 2 O 5 ) composites are compared and studied from a critical point of view to find a viable solution for catalysis in seawater electrolysis. The NiMo catalyst presents a higher dissolution rate in the NaCl medium than all synthesized catalysts. Furthermore, Ni-based composites showed improved durability due to a decrease in dissolution, and an increase in catalytic activity when using Nb 2 O 5 as the dispersed phase. The Ni(Nb 2 O 5 ) electrodes presented the higher catalytic activity in NaCl solution, even higher than that found in NiMo catalyst. • Different strategies for the synthesis of catalysts for the electrogeneration of H 2 in NaCl electrolyte are analysed. • NiMo catalyst presents higher dissolution in the NaCl medium than the composite synthesized catalysts. • The use of composites improves the catalyst durability, reducing the dissolution. • A remarkable increase of the current density was found when using the Ni(Nb 2 O 5 ) catalyst.

Demokratische Toleranz in Parteiabhängigen Sozialen Medien am Beispiel der SPÖ in Österreich

This article examines the use of social media by the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), which is one of the oldest parties in Europe. The origins of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) date back many years, and its most loyal constituency is already aging. The SPÖ appeals to its voters primarily through its Facebook and Twitter accounts on social media. In recent years, the SPÖ, whose online activities and use of social media have increased, has sought to move away from traditional politics and become a modern and progressive party. The opposition party SPÖ's critical attitude toward other parties and especially the government is also reflected in its content on social media. Although the SPÖ targeted the bourgeois-conservative electorate, conservatives remained loyal to the Christian-social ÖVP rather than changing to the neo-capitalist SPÖ. This article has attempted to determine whether there is a democratic tolerance for the use and sharing of social media that reflects the critical viewpoint of the SPÖ.

COVID-19 and oral cancer: Critical viewpoint.

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has marked the beginning of a new pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization has announced it as a health emergency that is of international concern. The disease has been reported to cause respiratory illness, pneumonia and even hinder the immunity of an individual. Individuals with disturbed immune responses have been found to be quite susceptible to this viral infection. Oral cancer patients are also at high risk in this pandemic situation and might encounter severe detrimental outcomes. Angiotensin receptors, documented in studies as the path of entry of this virus, are highly expressed in the epithelial cells of oral mucosa, making the group of individuals with oral cancers even more vulnerable. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer is another potential target for SARS-CoV-2. An exhaustion of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 cell receptors leads to protumoral effects, whereas a downregulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer leads to antitumoral effects. Thus, it causes a variation of the biological behavior of the tumor. This article focusses on the molecular mechanisms, effects and patho-physiology of COVID-19 in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The different molecular changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of COVID-19 will modify various environmental factors for this pathology and have an effect on the carcinogenesis process. Understanding the behavior of the tumor will help plan advanced treatment strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients in the background of COVID-19.

El-Muʻcemu’l-Arabiyyu'l-Esâsî Sözlüğü üzerine analitik bir incelenme

Sözlük çalışması bazı temel adımları temsil etmektedir. Bu temel adımlar: Bilgi ve gerçekleri toplama, maddeleri seçme, düzenleme, yazma ve nihâi sonuca ulaşmaktır. Sözlük bir ulusun dilsel mirasını koruyan bir unsurdur. Bu da klasik ve modern bilim insanlarını sözlük derlemede belirli teorilere göre yönlendirmeye iten bir faktördür. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma modern sözlüklerden birisi olan ve Arap Birliği Eğitim- Kültür ve Bilim Teşkilatı tarafından yayımlanan, ana dili Arapça olmayanlara yönelik hazırlanmış, ansiklopedik karaktere sahip ve tek dilli "el-Muʿcemu’l-Arabiyyu’l-Esâsî" adlı sözlüğünün analitik incelemesini yapmak amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Sözlük, Arap Birliği Eğitim-Kültür ve Bilim Teşkilatı ve Larousse Vakfı tarafından dağıtılan "el-Muʿcemu’l-Arabiyyu’l-Esâsî" başlığını taşıyan bir kitap olarak yayımlanmıştır. İlk baskısı 1989 da yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Muʻcemu’l-Vasît ve Kâmûsu’l-Cedîd Li’t-Tullâb sözlüğünden sonra kollektif yazarlık sebebiyle üçüncü sözlük olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sözlük, kelimenin kökünden alfabetik olarak düzenlenmiş yaklaşık yirmi beş bin madde içermektedir. Böylece sözlük Arap ve Arap olmayan öğretim üyeleri ve öğrenciler için güvenilir bir yardımcı kaynak niteliğini taşımaktadır. Çalışmada sözlüğün tanımı, basımları ve müellifleri belirtildikten sonra sözlüğün belli başlı özellikleri ile amaçları hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Ardından sözlüğün derlenme meselesi, maddeleri ve izlediği yöntemler, analitik metot la incelenerek eleştirel bakış açısı çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.

Bir Siyasi Hiciv Örneği Olarak Terry Pratchett’ın İlginç Zamanlar Romanı

Toplumu bulunduğu yerden daha ileriye götürmek amacıyla yapılan nükteli eleştiriler olan hiciv yüzyıllardır edebiyat ile iç içe geçmiş bir gelenek olarak tanımlanabilir. Hicvin önemli bir parçası olan siyasi hicvin ise toplumsal eleştirilerin ön plana çıkmasıyla karakterize olan modern hicivle geliştiği düşünülmektedir. Siyasete ve dolasıyla topluma yapılan eleştirilerin edebi metinler aracılığıyla insanlara ulaşması edebiyatın bu noktadaki önemini vurgular niteliktedir. Eleştirilerin fantastik bir dünyada yapılması ise okuyucuların kendilerini romandan soyutlamaları sebebiyle onların ilgilisini daha çok çekebilir ve verilen mesajlar çok daha net anlaşılabilir. Okuyucular fantastik bir dünyada meydana gelen olayları gerçek dünyamıza ait önyargılar, inanışlar ve siyasi ideolojilerin etkisi altında kalmadan değerlendirme imkânı bulabilirler ve bu sayede gerçek dünyamıza ilişkin konulara da daha farklı bir pencereden eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla bakabilirler. Günümüzde hiciv ve fantezi edebiyatı bir arada anıldığında akla gelen ilk isimlerin başında İngiliz yazar Terry Pratchett bulunmaktadır. Kırk bir romandan oluşan Diskdünya romanları serisinde bir yandan fantastik ögeleri kullanıp ilgi çekici hikayelerini anlatırken diğer yandan onun topluma, siyasete, çevreye ve ekonomiye yönelik hicivlerini içeren mesajlarını romanlarının satır aralarında bulmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada yazarın Diskdünya serisinden seçilen İlginç Zamanlar adlı romanındaki siyasi hicvin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu incelemeleri yaparken Feinberg’in ileri sürdüğü hiciv tekniklerinden beklenmedik dürüstlük, beklenmedik olay ve ironi gibi teknikler kullanılmış, yazarın kelime seçimi göz önünde bulundurulmuş ve romandan verilen alıntılar ile bu tekniklerin romanda nasıl kullanıldığı gözler önüne serilmiştir.

Narrative Reviews: Flexible, Rigorous, and Practical.

Narrative Reviews: Flexible, Rigorous, and Practical.