We present a rare case of a large fetal oropharyngeal teratoma (epignathus) diagnosed during the third trimester and managed successfully with a planned ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure followed by neonatal surgical resection. A 30-year-old pregnant woman was referred to our department at 29 weeks of gestation due to polyhydramnios and the detection of an oropharyngeal mass on ultrasound. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a 5×5 cm heterogeneous mass filling the oral cavity, raising concern for airway obstruction at birth. At 32 weeks, spontaneous pre-term labor necessitated urgent EXIT. While fetoplacental circulation was maintained, a tracheostomy was performed to secure the airway, allowing for safe delivery and ventilation of the neonate. The newborn subsequently underwent successful transoral surgical excision of the mass, which was confirmed histologically as an immature teratoma. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the infant remained free of recurrence during a 24-month follow-up period. This case highlights the importance of prenatal diagnosis, fetal imaging, and multidisciplinary planning in the management of airway-compromising lesions. It also introduces the EXIT procedure to otolaryngologists as a critical and effective approach for ensuring airway patency in selected high-risk cases of congenital head and neck tumors.

In songs, whether they are from popular or traditional genres, there is often a gender stereotype that reduces women's identities to physical attributes and domestic roles. "Mojang Priangan", as an expression of local culture from the Sundanese region, is a relevant subject of study in understanding how women are represented in songs. This study aims to examine the representation of Sundanese women in the lyrics of "Mojang Priangan" songs through a critical feminist approach. The music, composed by Iyar Wiyarsih, was selected for its high historical and cultural significance in representing the identity of Sundanese women. A descriptive, qualitative method was employed in this study, utilizing Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model, which encompasses text analysis, discursive practices, and social practices. The primary instrument in this study was the researcher herself, who actively interpreted the data contextually and reflectively. Data were collected through literature review and documentation of song lyrics and relevant scientific references. The results of this study show that the lyrics of "Mojang Priangan" songs describe women who have physical and personality advantages as the feminine image of Sundanese culture. In Sundanese society, Sundanese women are always positioned in the role of guardians of values, symbols of family honor, and representatives of morality. Although the lyrics have undergone several changes, the main values are still maintained. The lyrics do not exploit women as sensual visual objects. However, they show their values and roles in maintaining dignity in a social context.

This study examines the beliefs, worship practices, and traditions of three distinct communities living around Mosul in Iraq: the Sarliya, Bajwan, and Shabak. Based on Anistas Mari al-Karmali’s study of these three communities, his life, works, and his research on these communities in Iraq are evaluated with understanding, interpretive, and critical approaches. al-Karmali’s works on the Yazidis, Abdals, Sarliyya, Bajwan and Shabaks which especially published in the al-Mashriq magazine, are noteworthy. These studies have continued to be a reference source for academic circles for a long time. Anistas Mari al-Karmali is a member of a Catholic family from Eastern and a cleric. Throughout his life, he maintained contact with a wide circle of people through his work on language, literature, religion, and cultural history, primarily in Iraq and Egypt. He has always been known for his close relationships with researchers, and his work has been followed and taken as a reference. His works remain relevant and are still used as reference sources. However, some of the information given about Sufi communities in these works of al-Karmali was not obtained directly from these communities. Therefore, his work may contain untrue and irrational information about these communities, often conveyed by neighboring faith groups and carrying negative connotations. This point should be taken into consideration when referring to his information on the beliefs, practices, and cultural life of these communities. Due to the lack of interest in these issues in Türkiye, his research on Sufi communities has not been consulted much and naturally, this aspect of his work has not been noticed by academic circles.

Emerging public health discourse increasingly frames brain health and dementia prevention as matters of personal responsibility and urge individuals to adopt modifiable behaviours across the life course. This study examines how adults at different life stages perceive dementia risk and engage with brain health practices, with particular attention to how these behaviours are socially structured and culturally mediated. Using a life course perspective and an abductive critical realist approach, this qualitative study draws on semi-structured interviews with 33 participants (aged 19-81) recruited across three generational cohorts: younger adults (n = 11), middle-aged adults (n = 8), and older adults (n = 14). Abductive thematic analysis was employed to examine how participants understand brain health, dementia, and responsibility for the management and prevention of these aspects of late-life health. Participants articulated diverse and age-contingent understandings of brain health. While younger adults associated prevention with aspirational self-optimisation, middle-aged adults emphasised routine, sustainability and caregiving-informed insight. Older adults, often informed by lived proximity to dementia, described adaptive strategies to preserve brain health amidst physical limitations. Across all groups, health practices were framed through an ethos of personal accountability, though often enacted within structurally constrained contexts. Findings emphasise the need to critically engage with how dementia prevention discourse is differentially internalised across the life course. Public health strategies should balance behavioural interventions with honest acknowledgement of the structural conditions which stratify distributions of brain health risk and opportunities for prevention.

This study explores university lecturers’ perceptions and experiences in implementing the Critical Literacy Approach (CLA) in teaching Critical Reading within the context of Indonesian higher education. In contrast to most previous research that focused on students’ learning outcomes or curriculum design, this investigation centers on lecturers’ pedagogical agency and their contextual adaptations of CLA. Using a descriptive qualitative case study design, three lecturers from different universities participated in in-depth interviews and semester-long classroom observations. Thematic analysis revealed that lecturers’ entry into critical literacy emerged through distinct pathways: self-directed study, reflective classroom practice, and formal graduate education. These trajectories informed how each lecturer interpreted and modified CLA that ranging from integrating discourse analysis and media literacy to using literature for social critique. Despite methodological variations, all lecturers shared a strong commitment to cultivating students’ critical thinking and sociopolitical awareness. However, the implementation was not without challenges: emotional discomfort around sensitive topics, student disengagement, and limited instructional time frequently emerged. Even so, the lecturers employed adaptive strategies to sustain dialogue and scaffold critical reflection. These findings highlight that effective CLA practice depends not only on theoretical understanding but also on emotional intelligence, contextual sensitivity, and institutional support. By foregrounding lecturers’ voices, this study contributes a practice-oriented perspective on critical literacy, urging a reorientation of research and policy to recognize educators as key agents of critical pedagogy in Indonesian higher education.

ABSTRACT The patriarchal system has perpetuated hegemonic masculinity, but a shift toward more equitable and flexible gender identities is currently taking shape, giving rise to new masculinities. Social work plays a key role in contributing to the deconstruction of hegemonic masculinity, promoting more inclusive and gender equality-oriented attitudes and masculinities. This study aimed to gauge the perceptions of students studying for degrees in social work as regards masculinity, gender roles and gender equality. It used a descriptive, explanatory and quantitative approach, with a questionnaire as a data collection tool. 367 students responded. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software. The results indicate a low degree of adherence to the hegemonic masculinity model among the participants, although this varied depending on sociodemographic variables. It was also found that social work education is perceived as favoring understanding of gender equality as an inclusive goal for all gender identities, although its direct association with the development of new masculinities was moderate. This work underscores the importance of maintaining a critical and feminist approach in social work so as to effect a structural change toward a more equitable society.

Background At least one in four women in the UK has experienced trauma, such as sexual abuse or violence, with profound implications for mental and physical health, particularly during the perinatal period. Despite the potential benefits of addressing trauma in maternity care, many women are reluctant to disclose their experiences due to stigma, fear of judgment, or lack of trust in healthcare systems. This paper presents the development and evaluation of the EMPATHY framework, a novel, evidence-based approach to routine trauma discussions in maternity care, designed to address these challenges and promote emotionally-centred care. Methods The EMPATHY framework was developed through a critical participatory action research approach, integrating findings from a systematic review, qualitative interviews, and stakeholder input, including experts by experience, healthcare professionals, and voluntary sector practitioners. The framework was refined through iterative workshops and a public consultation ( n = 52), ensuring its relevance and applicability. The development and evaluation of the EMPATHY framework were guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool, ensuring methodological rigor, transparency, and adherence to established standards in guideline development. Results The framework is structured around six core principles: system-wide change, promote trauma awareness, trust and relationships, training and support, local tailoring, and continuous improvement. A key innovation is the recommendation that all women, regardless of disclosure, should have access to information and support. Feedback from the public consultation highlighted the framework's value and its potential to transform perinatal experiences. Challenges such as resource constraints and implementation barriers were acknowledged, but respondents emphasised the importance of the framework in improving care for women who have experienced trauma. Discussion/conclusion The EMPATHY framework addresses a critical gap in existing guidance by offering a structured yet flexible approach to routine trauma discussions. Its implementation has the potential to empower women, strengthen therapeutic relationships, and reduce re-traumatisation. The framework represents a significant step forward in trauma-informed perinatal care.

Abstract Research indicates that the news media plays an important role in discursively constructing social identities through representations of ‘otherness.’ Guided by the politics of belonging, gender nationalism, and the argument that non-belonging is ascribed to Muslim women’s bodies through representations in the news media, this article examines discourse about the burkini – a type of swimsuit worn by some Muslim women – in the German press. Employing a multilevel critical discourse-analytical approach to the study of follow-ups made in online newspaper comment sections, it combines an initial content analysis focused on thematic patterns in discourse topics with an analysis of argumentation schemes. It focuses on how commenters utilise referential strategies to discursively frame the burkini in exclusionary terms. The findings indicate that while the burkini is highly contested particularly regarding sociocultural difference, integration, and gender equality, overall, it functions as a marker of non-belonging in German discourse.

In the present study, it’s aimed to give literature information related to applications of diallel technique, that is important in wheat breeding from past to present, in the light of the principles of sustainable agriculture. In today's world where more than a billion people are struggling with hunger, the issue of bread has vital importance. Approximately more than half of people's daily caloric needs are met by wheat. Recent developments in wheat agriculture are quite promising by means of food security and sustainability. Success in breeding depends on the presence of a large additive genetic variance in hybrid populations. Breeders frequently use crossbreeding to create variation in various breeding programs. However, several factors prevent large numbers of cross-breeding. If the inheritance patterns of traits to be studied in breeding studies are determined in advance using various methods, breeding programs based on this fundamental knowledge will have a higher success rate. Therefore, breeders must know the genetic influences under which the traits they are studying are generated. In case of parent’s genetic structure and the inheritance patterns of traits that are worked on are determined in advance using various methods, breeding programs based on this fundamental knowledge will also have a higher success rate. In genetic breeding programs, improving wheat traits likewise yield, quality components, and tolerance to stress is a critical approach to increasing agricultural sustainability. In today's world, where sustainability principles have become a focal point, intensive research is being conducted on bread wheat. Given the changing climate conditions and global warming, it is clear that breeding efforts will extend from the past to the future throughout human history. This article examines detailed case studies, particularly those related to diallel hybridization used in bread wheat breeding, to ensure sustainable food production and security, and offers recommendations for the future.

Midwives and nurses are integral to the quality and safety of patient care. However, there is a limited amount of critical discussion and debate about the use of interviews to recruit people to study for these professions. There are some reports of people who are marginalised, minoritised, or racialised, being denied the opportunity to study for a degree in these professions, despite meeting the requisite entry requirements. Therefore, this commentary analyses the contemporary narrative and discussion relating to the role of interviews in recruiting student midwives and nurses. This critical analysis uses the UK as a case study and promulgates an alternative approach that could result in a more diverse workforce and enhance patient safety. It is hoped that the critical analytical approach taken in this paper will inspire those involved in recruitment to midwifery and nursing to consider the efficacy, utility, and equity of recruitment interviews and their impact on who is or is not afforded the opportunity to pursue a career in these professions.

Conventional conservation has close links with capitalism through the accumulation of natural capital, the promotion of market-based solutions and the commodification of natural resources. Facing these neoliberal forms of conservation, alternative forms of tourism production and consumption have been emerging, such as convivial conservation. It is based on a greater man and nature integration, a significant and committed coexistence between them and a more democratic management of nature. Within this context platforms that promote voluntary exchanges of experiences between hosts, local communities and travelers are presented as transformative initiatives. Within them, travelers participate directly in the promotion of ecotourism projects, biodiversity conservation practices and activities in contact with nature, among other areas, in exchange for accommodation and food. An exploratory research is proposed, with an analytical and critical approach, based on literature review and content analysis as the main methodology; the paper focuses on the Workaway case study. The preliminary results indicate that such exchanges can initially be interpreted as alternative forms, although they entail contradictions that need to be considered.

Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., is a scholar born from the habaib tradition and accepted by the pesantren tradition. While K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim is a scholar born from pesantren tradition and accepted by the habaib tradition. This study aims to describe the communication of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim in Interpreting the Quran which was uploaded through the YouTube channel of Pusat Studi Al-Quran. This study used a media text analysis with a critical approach. The results of this study show that Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., has a polite communication style and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim has a humorous communication style in interpreting the Quran. Second, Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., emphasized the message of “imitating the Prophet in life” and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim emphasized the message of “Happy life”. Third, YouTube channel of Pusat Studi Al-Quran as a communication media that displays a YouTube Program entitled “Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW 1447 H Bersama Gus Baha dan Prof. Quraish Shihab” on Saturday, November 1, 2025. Fourth, the communication of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim received a response in the form of views that were much larger than the number of subscribers, getting likes that almost equaled the number of subscribers and reaching almost 400 comments. Fifth, netizen comments as communication feedback in the form of netizen reviews of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A. ’s appreciation to K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim and netizen admiration for Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim. And, the effect of the interpretation of the Quran as a communication effect has three effects, namely cognitive effect, affective effect and behavioral effect. This research is important to obtain a description of the communication of Prof. Dr. M. Quraish Shihab, M.A., and K.H. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim in Interpreting the Quran which was uploaded through the YouTube channel of Pusat Studi Al-Quran.

This study aimed to explain women’s positions and roles in ludruk in the wetanan (eastern) region of East Java, Indonesia, and those in makyong in Malaysia. Studies centring on traditional women provide a unique academic forum to scrutinise their existence. This study was intended to contribute to that area of inquiry by exploring identity transformation in two genres of traditional performing arts in two Southeast Asian countries. Employing a critical ethnographic approach, it sought to make explicit the relationship between the two performing arts from the perspective of traditional women. Furthermore, it investigated the identity transformation emerging in ludruk and makyong. Data was gleaned from key informants involving ludruk leaders of Setia Kawan and Maharani groups in Indonesia. For the makyong in Malaysia, data was retrieved from the fourth generation of makyong performers. The results of this study revealed women’s pivotal roles in the development of ludruk and makyong. The performance stage offers them decent and critical roles in both arts. Both traditional arts have experienced transformation in performance identity, especially concerning the traditional art ideology and performance structure as a response to ever-evolving market demands. In this regard, adaptable management of traditional arts is key to maintaining the continuity of ludruk and makyong. In this regard, theoretical implications of the study enhance our knowledge about the existence and development of traditional performing arts, and more particularly the dynamic interaction between the ideological foundations. In real-life application, the study offers practical suggestions for curriculum planning of drama arts education.

This study analyses how higher education institutions (HEIs) performance is constructed within the 2020–2021 Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) policy, within the context of the strengthening of neoliberal ideology in Indonesian higher education. Using Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach, this study examines five policy documents and elaborates on them with interviews with five MBKM student participants. NVIVO was used as a tool to facilitate in-depth analysis of the analysed aspects. The results show that the MBKM policy frames HEIs as institutions that support economic growth through discursive representations that emphasise neoliberal logic, such as efficiency, competitiveness, and industrial relevance. Terms such as "independence" and "selling point" are widely used and operated symbolically, obscuring ideological dominance and limiting the autonomy of higher education actors. Indikator Kinerja Utama (IKU) system serves as an instrument for disciplining institutions through the performative construction of HEIs through a series of indicators aligned with neoliberal values. This study emphasise that higher education policy is not neutral but rather part of a social practice shaped by the interests of state actors, industry, and international financial institutions. Therefore, evaluation of HEIs performance needs to include an ideological reading, so that higher education can be returned to a liberating socio-academic role, rather than simply serving market interests.

What is included in the concept of the “labour movement”? And who holds the power to define its history? This article interrogates these issues in relation to a documentation project at the Labour Movement Archives in Skåne, where radical movements in Malmö – from autonomous networks to feminist and anti-racist initiatives – are collected and preserved for the future. The project raises questions about the archive’s role as a boundary-making institution: which narratives are preserved, which are lost, and how are these processes shaped by the labour movement’s historical and ideological frameworks? By exploring archival practice at the intersection of activism, historical writing, and institutional power, the article discusses how archives can both exclude and make space for new voices – and how an intersectional and critical approach can contribute to a more inclusive and socially relevant labour movement archive today.

Next-generation nanoparticles for cancer and autoimmune therapy.

Every artwork is viewed as a network of interconnected meaning, forming a dynamic structure akin to a spider's web. This view is reflected in Dance Drama and Sundanese Kawih, both of which adapt the Jaya Perkosa episode from the Babad Sumedang script. To analyze this relationship, the intertextuality approach is employed to trace the interlocking texts and meanings. On the other hand, the critical discourse approach is used to dissect how both voice criticism and discourse are shaped by the historical relations. As a result, the two works reproduce the content of the Babad Sumedang to reflect current social, political, and cultural conditions. Intertextuality contributes to connecting old texts with contemporary contexts, thereby facilitating a meeting between tradition and modernity. This process demonstrates that cultural texts are continually in dynamic negotiation with an ever-evolving reality.

AimTo understand the views and experiences of homeless adults who drink hazardously around alcohol use, alcohol harms and access to liver healthcare, and to quantify the prevalence of alcohol-related morbidity in this population.MethodsA sample of homeless adults (aged 18+) who drink hazardously (AUDIT score ≥8) were recruited to complete a health and alcohol use survey. From this sample, a smaller sample was purposively selected for semi-structured interview. Participants were recruited via liver outreach clinics held in five homeless hostels/day-centres in Southampton. Using a critical realist approach, qualitative data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and descriptive statistics produced for survey responses.ResultsAround 56 survey participants were recruited, 84% of whom had probable alcohol dependence and 18% a diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Themes identified from 10 interviews described the ubiquity of alcohol misuse and harms in the life-histories of people experiencing homelessness (PEH), the differing levels of understanding and risk recognition of alcohol-related harms, and how PEH rationalize hazardous drinking, despite the risks. Normalization of alcohol misuse and harms underlies these themes and likely contributes to feelings of fatalism and powerlessness to prevent these harms.ConclusionsNormalization of alcohol-related harms may represent a barrier to timely engagement with healthcare and a mechanism driving greater likelihood of alcohol-related harms in PEH. Improving knowledge around alcohol-related harms and healthcare may help to counter the misperceptions of risk and fatalistic attitudes that normalization fosters. Such intervention may be particularly effective for PEH if targeted towards those accessing hostels and day-centres.

This research examines how English instructors in the multilingual Pakistani classrooms can use the Critical Pedagogy approach developed by Freire to promote empowerment among the learners. English language teaching (ELT) in Pakistan remains a teacher centred instructional process that has strict curricula and exam oriented culture. These dominant practises are limiting dialogue, reduce student agency and do not recognise the rich linguistic and cultural resources that students bring to the classroom. The qualitative research design was chosen to explore this problem. The research involved gathering data of forty English teachers by use of semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires that were distributed in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan. Four major findings were produced by the thematic analysis. To start with, a large number of teachers tried dialogic and participatory teaching methods, which included discussions in groups, questioning, and problem-posing assignments; such activities helped to raise the confidence of learners and promoted significant interaction. Second, educators engaged the use of multilingual tools, e.g., discussions in native languages and culturally-grounded examples to promote understanding and inclusion. Third, critical pedagogy was hindered by a number of obstacles; they were rigid syllabi, excessive student populations, a lack of chances to facilitate professional growth, and the presence of an institutional counter-force. Lastly, peer support, contextualised content and flexible group work were all methods of coping used by teachers. On the whole, the paper shows that the application of the Freirean principles has significant potential in the multilingual ELT context, but organisational limitations suppress the full implementation of the principles. The results highlight the need to increase teacher education, curriculum design, and favourable institutional practises to make ELT more inclusive, participatory, and empowering to learners in Pakistan.

The role of nursing communication: A critical interpretive synthesis.