Cricket Bat Research Articles

A Study on Evaluating Factors Influencing Behavioral Intentions Toward Purchasing Kashmir Willow Bat

Kashmir, a region renowned for its breath-taking scenery and deep cultural legacy, has long been a hub for handicrafts. Salix alba, or willow trees, are native to the area and thrive there solely due to its special climate. Willow trees have long been used to make premium cricket bats. The Kashmir willow bat is highly sought-after by cricket players all over the world because of its exceptional performance and lightweight design, which have made it synonymous with the game. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the factors influencing behavioral intentions toward purchasing Kashmir willow bats. SEM technique was used to analyze the collected data. The outcome of the study indicated that there is a significant impact of attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms on behavioral intention.

Preliminary study on mitochondrial DNA analysis from different sports items

Criminals often attempt to conceal blood-stained weapons used in violent crimes, making forensic evidence crucial in solving cases. This study explores the recovery and extraction of trace DNA from sports equipment, including cricket bats, table tennis racquets, and hockey sticks, which are frequently implicated in such incidents. Our research evaluates various double swab collection methods for retrieving trace DNA from these sports items, emphasizing those associated with blunt force trauma. We also compare presumptive and confirmatory tests to establish a direct correlation. This research consistently demonstrated robust DNA recovery, surpassing a 50 % threshold across all tests. Specifically, DNA recovery from buried samples reached an impressive 87 %, while washed samples still yielded a substantial 80 % efficiency. We conducted a comparative analysis between presumptive and confirmatory testing methods, establishing a direct correlation between the two. Variability in DNA recovery efficiency was observed and attributed to factors like the type of surface the items contacted, and ambient humidity levels. In addition to presenting robust DNA recovery rates, statistical analyses were employed to compare methods, establishing correlations and highlighting the influence of environmental factors on DNA recovery efficiency. These findings have significant implications for forensic investigations involving silent weapons crafted from sports equipment, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and consideration of environmental factors in DNA analysis.

The effect of domain-specific exercise on high- and low-level cognitive processing during anticipation

ABSTRACT Skilled anticipation is underpinned by the ability to synthesise high- (e.g., context) and low-level (e.g., biological motion) processes. While researchers have highlighted the effect of physiological load on the pick-up of biological motion from an opponent’s kinematics, how such stress affects the use of contextual information has remained unexplored. In this paper, we conducted an experiment to examine how a fatigue-inducing, cricket-specific exercise protocol affects the use of contextual and kinematic information during anticipation. Altogether, 13 skilled batters completed a validated simulated cricket batting task designed to induce physiological responses representative of competition. Before, after, and during the exercise protocol, participants anticipated the end location of bowling deliveries that presented either opponent kinematics, contextual information (field positioning and game situation), or both. Anticipation responses were more accurate during the exercise protocol than at rest. Also, responses were more accurate when contextual information was available compared with when only kinematic cues were presented. Moreover, from the beginning to the end of the protocol, anticipation responses decreased in accuracy in those conditions in which contextual information was presented and increased in accuracy when only kinematic cues were available. We interpret the findings relative to Attentional Control Theory (Eysenck et al., 2007). Findings highlight the complex nature of expert sports performance and indicate that the effect of domain-specific exercise on anticipation is dependent on the physiological load experienced and the type of information available.

Shot-ViT: Cricket Batting Shots Classification with Vision Transformer Network

Shot-ViT: Cricket Batting Shots Classification with Vision Transformer Network

Availability of Raw Material for Wood Based Cricket Bat Industry in Kashmir Valley, India

Kashmir Himalayas is known for its abundant supply of high quality wood suitable for cricket bat industry. The present study aimed to gather comprehensive data on the availability of raw material for the cricket bat industry in Anantnag and Pulwama districts of Kashmir during the specified time period (2017-2018). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the major problems faced by the industry and to assess quality parameters of cleft and the wood used for making these clefts. Shortage of quality raw material, absence of proper marketing channels and irregular electricity supply were the major factors responsible for production shortfall. The units used wood of Salix alba var. caerulea as main raw material while Populus deltoides wood was also used for low quality bats. For the study, latest available official records of Government of Jammu and Kashmir as well as questionnaire based sample survey data were used. The industry produced 15.10 crore clefts that consumed 17,28,532 ft 3 of wood. Sample survey revealed that in 2016, the selected 62 units procured 5,84,557 ft3 of wood with an average of 9,428.33 ft3 per unit.

An Examination of the Challenge/Threat State and Sport-Performance Relationship While Controlling for Past Performance.

A challenge state is associated with superior performance compared to a threat state in a variety of performance domains (e.g.,sport, aviation, education). However, in the challenge and threat (C/T) literature, between-subjects variability in past performance is often inconsistently controlled for. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of C/T states on performance using two methods to control for past performance. Experiment 1 used previous performance statistics in a between-subjects design and Experiment 2 used a within-subject design. In Experiment 1, regression analysis showed that cardiovascular correlates of C/T states predicted cricket batting performance in 45 amateur cricketers. In Experiment 2, between- and within-subject analysis found that past performance was the only predictor of subsequent golf putting performance in 40 noncompetitive golfers. Taken together, the findings challenge the role that C/T states play in predicting performance under pressure after controlling for past performance.

Complications in the Treatment of Mandibular Condylar Fracture, Surgical Versus Non-Surgical Treatment

Background: The facial fractures include Condylar fractures are most common in mandibular fractures, which have the highest fracture incidence after nasal bone fractures. Three different traumatic forces can result in condylar injury: the first is energy imparted to a static person by a moving object, such as a blow to the face from a cricket bat; the second is a moving person striking a static object, such as a child falling and striking the ground; and the third is a combination of the first two forces, such as when a person is moving and an automobile is moving and is hit by an automobile. This kind of force typically has the biggest impact and causes the most severe injury patterns. Objective: To compare frequency of Complications of two procedures for the treatment of mandibular condylar fracture surgical versus conservative treatment. Methodology: This Randomized control trial was held in the Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi for 6 months from 12 Jul, 2019 to 12 Jan, 2020. ERC were taken before data collection. Patients suffering from mandibular condylar fracture and fulfilling exclusion and inclusion criteria and who were ready to give informed consent after explaining study protocol, risk benefit ratio and data usage for research were included in our study. The first group labelled as "A" was treated by closed reduction and immobilization and second group labelled as group "B" was undergone internal fixation and open reduction. Results: The mean age and standard deviation of the 72 patients was determined to be 40.85 ± 12.93 years, respectively, with the 18 years was the minimum age and the 65 years being maximum. Frequency of gender was shown in Graph 1.The minimum duration of fracture was 1 day, and maximum were 7 days. The minimum mouth opening was 15mm and maximum was 35mm (Table 1). Trismus was present in 5/72 (6.9%) patients while it was absent in 67/72 (93.1%) patients (Table 2). Malocclusion was present in 20/72 (27.8%) patients while it was absent in 52/72 (72.2%) patients. Unilateral Side of fracture was present in 40/72 (55.6%) patients while Bilateral was present in 32/72 (44.4%) patients (Table 3) Conclusions: In conclusion, closed reduction had clinically satisfactory results, although open reduction and internal fixation produced more accurate to reduce the complications. Keywords: Closed reduction, Internal fixation, Open reduction,complications

Exploring the influence of task and environmental constraints on batting and bowling performance in cricket: A systematic review

Cricket is an unique international sport where environmental and task constraints have shown to have a significant impact on batting and bowling performance. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of task and environmental constraints on cricket performance. A systematic literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SportDiscus. Studies were deemed eligible if they reported the effects of pitch type, pitch length, equipment (e.g. cricket bat, batting pads, ball type, etc.) on cricket performance. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria with Kmet score ranging between 75% and 92%. The results from this study demonstrate that environmental constraints such as pitch-type and task constraints such as equipment modification (e.g. type of cricket bat, batting pads, ball) and pitch length can influence cricketer's batting and bowling performance. Scaling cricket bats and reducing pitch length were acutely beneficial to cricket batting, while ball type, pitch length and soil properties were impactful on bowling performance. Importantly though, the impact of constraint manipulation seemed to be influenced by the skill level of the performer. The findings from this study may help to inform coaches and practitioners improve skill acquisition, through constraint manipulation, to develop highly adaptive cricket batting and bowling skill.

Developing Robotic Cricket Batting Test Technology with Camera Sensor and Grid System

The purpose of this study is to discuss the response of students/athletes to strokes and the effect of measuring instruments on Straight Drive strokes and to produce new products through the development process. This research method is research and development type. Research and development produces products that have effectiveness in accordance with the use of the product. The instrument used in this study is a digital-based cricket skill test instrument in Indonesia in the form of an observation sheet that has been tested for the validity of media experts and evaluation experts. Research procedure develop using 4D model. The results of the trial showed that students from both schools on average had very good ball hitting skills, this data was then synchronized to find out whether there was an effect of student responses on students' abilities. The results show that there is a 53.4% effect of the students' positive response on their hitting ability.

Need for Strengthening the Quality and Efficiency in the Products and Services of Indian Industry

The Quality plays an important role in the life of any product or service. It is of great interest to ensure that the products are produced according to the quality standards so that they may sustain in the market. In today’s competitive world each and every single factor of a product which urges the product into the market from that of the competitors. The consumers using the quality products do not shift their preference unless it does not meet their needs. That is the reasons why most of the products which is of higher quality are preferred by the consumers without any hesitation even if the prices are tend to be higher. The products may be classified into tangible products (Mobile phones, Cricket bat, Consumables etc.) as well as intangible products include services like (Theatre, Restaurants, Banks, Insurance etc. ). All these products have unique characteristics in their nature. This research paper is focused on the need for strengthening the quality of the products and services as well as its efficiency, and how such efficiency can be attained by the Indian Industry. This will be helpful to know how to strengthen the quality of products and attain its efficiency in the market. The data is collected from each and every individual who share their opinions. Some of the secondary data is also used to find out the results of the research. Statistical techniques like Percentage analysis, Reliability analysis, Cluster Analysis, ANOVA are used to find out the desired results.

Cricket Batting Test Robotic-Based Equipment Using Sensor Cameras with Grid System

Technology development in the 5.0 era has been rapid, including in education and sports. One example of technology in sports education is a sports skills test kit. This study aims to develop and test the cricket batting test robotic-based equipment using sensor cameras with the grid system. The experiment was carried out by measuring student responses regarding using a robotic-based batting test tool using a camera sensor with a grid system. This student response is useful for knowing the extent of student responses and reactions to the products used so that they can be used as reflection material and references in designing products. The research method used in this study is Research and Development. The instrument used in this study is a test instrument in the form of an observation sheet. Product validation is divided into two, media validation and learning evaluation. The final assessment results are 160 and 162, indicating that the product is very suitable for use. They are synchronized by looking for whether there is an effect of student responses on student abilities. The results show 53,4% of the effect of students' positive responses on the object's ability. Based on the study's results, it was stated that the development of the tool was feasible to use and validated by media transfer and evaluation experts. In addition, this research is also developing research inspired by previous research. Further research is needed on implementing modified tools to see the effectiveness of training using an Android-based cricket batting test tool using a sensor camera with a grid system.

Application of Epoxy Resin and Glass Fiber Composites in Cricket Bats

The sports industry predominantly makes use of wood for manufacturing equipment such as cricket bats. However, the equipment has to be replaced often as it gets worn out and damaged. This has led to increased wood consumption, which is rapidly becoming scarce, contributing to environmental issues. The objective of this work is to provide a protective composite layer on the face of the bat to enhance its life without affecting its performance. This work also aims to find a solution to reduce the wood consumption in the cricket industry in the form of a protective composite layer. The layers on the bats are prepared using two different resins, namely HSC 7600 and General Purpose resin with 400 GSM glass fibers as the reinforcement. The specimens are prepared using the hand-layup process and then cured in the oven. The composite materials are then subjected to tensile tests and impact tests. Properties such as Young’s modulus and impact stress are obtained. When compared with willow wood, the specimens prepared using HSC 7600 exhibit similar properties and can be used in practical applications. The layer once applied on the bat, is subsequently tested under traditional match-like conditions wherein more than 2000 shots are played with a standard leather ball. Regular willow bats are tested similarly, and cracks begin to appear after approximately 1700 shots. Testing of the bats that are reinforced with the composite layer shows that the layer is intact with negligible damages. It is concluded that this material is more resistant to the impact of the ball and also does not provide the batsman with an unfair advantage. With proper implementation, the application of such a layer is a promising solution to be put to use in the cricket industry that tackles the challenge of excess wood consumption.

Using a virtual reality cricket simulator to explore the effects of pressure, competition anxiety on batting performance in cricket

Virtual reality (VR) has created opportunities to innovatively re-imagine the way we examine the relations between pressure, competition anxiety and performance. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of VR as a means of measuring the effects of competition anxiety when pressure manipulations are applied while participants bat in a cricket batting VR simulator. The twenty-eight male participants who took part in two experiments were divided into a high (14, mean age: 22.94, SD: 5.4) and a low skill group (14; mean age: 23.55, SD: 9.9). The aim of the first experiment was to validate the VR simulator as a tool that could capture differences in batting performance between a high and low skilled group. The results showed that high skill participants not only scored significantly higher run rates than low skill participants, but they outperformed the low skill group in all performance measures including higher incidences of correct foot placements that reflect better anticipatory responses. Having established the VR batting simulator as being a reliable tool for capturing batting dynamics, experiment 2 aimed to explore the effects of a pressure manipulation on competition anxiety and batting performance. All measures of competition anxiety were significantly greater for both groups in the high-pressure condition compared to the two low-pressure conditions (p < 0.001). The magnitude of this effect was greater in the low skill group for cognitive (0.59) and somatic (0.794) anxiety. Despite anxiety levels significantly increasing in the high-pressure condition, no significant negative changes to batting performance were found for either group, with both groups actually demonstrating performance improvements. Overall, the findings show how a cricket batting virtual reality simulator can be used as a tool to measure the effects of pressure on competition anxiety and batting performance in tasks involving dynamic skill execution.

Automated recognition of the cricket batting backlift technique in video footage using deep learning architectures

There have been limited studies demonstrating the validation of batting techniques in cricket using machine learning. This study demonstrates how the batting backlift technique in cricket can be automatically recognised in video footage and compares the performance of popular deep learning architectures, namely, AlexNet, Inception V3, Inception Resnet V2, and Xception. A dataset is created containing the lateral and straight backlift classes and assessed according to standard machine learning metrics. The architectures had similar performance with one false positive in the lateral class and a precision score of 100%, along with a recall score of 95%, and an f1-score of 98% for each architecture, respectively. The AlexNet architecture performed the worst out of the four architectures as it incorrectly classified four images that were supposed to be in the straight class. The architecture that is best suited for the problem domain is the Xception architecture with a loss of 0.03 and 98.2.5% accuracy, thus demonstrating its capability in differentiating between lateral and straight backlifts. This study provides a way forward in the automatic recognition of player patterns and motion capture, making it less challenging for sports scientists, biomechanists and video analysts working in the field.

Data Analytics in the Game of Cricket: A Novel Paradigm

Cricket, the second most popular sport in the world, has emerged as one of the most widely played international mainstream sports in the world. With the advent of newer formats such as the Twenty-twenty (T-20) over cricket, the popularity of the game has further soared, spurting out international leagues such as the Indian Premier League (IPL) and the Big Bash League (BBL), over the last one decade. Over the course of more than 450 years since the inception of this sports in south-east England, statistics have played a pivotal role in shaping the structure and format of the game. Of late, there have been considerable advancements in cricket data analytics using IoT-based cricket bat sensors, advanced video analysis using Pitch-Vision, Hawk-Eye and allied technologies. From providing trajectories of the ball, to measuring the speed and impact point of the ball hitting the bat, such stellar breakthroughs have made it possible to fathom and analyze the game in a more refined way. Internet of Things (IoT) and Data Analytics can be the proponents in learning more about the stroke play of players as well as about the myriad facets of the game. In this paper, we have endeavored to discover a novel paradigm of research in cricket analytics known as the timing index, based on a real life IoT-based implementation and case study. The timing index is based on an amalgam of different factors such as bat speed, back lift angle, max. bat speed and impact bat speed. We believe that such a study can help in analyzing a player's training sessions using IoT and data analytics, thereby accurately and holistically analyzing a player's game and going beyond traditional statistical reporting, by ushering in intriguing and insightful information.

Inertial measurement unit–based cricket stroke improviser using polynomial kernel support vector machines

Wearable devices have now become virtual assistants, and the sports industry also aims in technological integration. The objective of this research article is to introduce a wearable device to detect and record the movement of a cricket player during his training session. The designed system collects the displacement and rotational information through a combination of accelerometer and gyroscope placed on the cricket bat. We propose a data-driven machine learning model which takes raw analog data as input for classifying the strokes. The algorithm used is the polynomial support vector machine, a supervised classification algorithm with 300 independent variables to enable accurate and real-time stroke classification. The system has a dedicated user interface for accessing these real-time details. This wearable embedded system does not require any cloud services as the complex analyses are performed in the processor itself. The player and the coach can get visual reference support, and the mistakes can be corrected during the training period itself. The device can detect the arm action of a cricket player with a success rate of 97%. The hardware is powered using a 10,000 mAh rechargeable battery.

Oculomotor Behavior Predict Professional Cricket Batting and Bowling Performance.

Importance: A new, shorter version of cricket was introduced recently (Twenty20; T20). Since its inception, T20 cricket has rapidly become a popular and exciting format of cricket. However, there is little understanding of factors such as visual-motor control that influence expert performance.Objective: The purpose of this project is to determine if a series of oculomotor measures can predict batting and bowling performance in professional cricket players.Design: This study used a cross-sectional design. Each participant took part in a suite of eye-tracking tests to measure oculomotor behavior compared to their performance data.Participants: This study used a sample of 59 male T20 league professional cricket players (30 Bowlers and 29 Batsman).Results: One-way univariate analyses of variance examined the differences in oculomotor behavior between batsman and bowlers. A series of multiple regression analyses was conducted to evaluate how well the visual variables predict bowling and batting performance variables. Results demonstrate that several oculomotor eye tracking measures were good predictors of run performance and strike rate, including sports total score, sports on-field score, and sports functional score. Likewise, several of the same metrics predicted Runs and Wicket performance for bowlers. Overall, results provided further validation to a growing body of literature supporting the use of eye-tracking technology in performance evaluation.

Wood-Based Industries of Jammu and Kashmir: A Review

Wood-based industries fall under secondary economic activity. The industrial process involves changing the form of goods to enhance their value. To undertake the manufacturing of goods, inputs in the form of capital, labor, power, and raw materials are required. The output is a finished product that can either be used again as a raw material for another manufactured or consumed in its present form. The location of an industry, thus, largely depends on the avail­ability of raw materials, power, capital, labor, infrastructure, and managerial skill. The establishment of the wood industry is also influenced by the gen­eral climatic conditions, weather, industrial inertia, historical accident, and government policy. The Kashmiris have an age-old tradition in the manufacturing of, paper machines, willow-wicker, cricket bat and toys making are some of the important industries which pro­vide full or part-time employment to the people.

Effect of materials and design on the bending stiffness of tennis rackets

Lawn tennis rackets have changed considerably since the origins of the game. Early rackets were wooden, making them heavier and more flexible than modern designs made from fibre-polymer composites. The fundamental frequency of a freely suspended tennis racket is often used as an analogue to stiffness, despite it being dependent on mass. We estimate the bending stiffness of 525 rackets, dating from 1874 to 2017, using a uniform beam model that accounts for mass. The model suggests composite rackets are typically about twice as stiff as their wooden predecessors. Applying typical values of Young’s modulus, density and second moment of area, the model was used to demonstrate the benefits of fibre-polymer composites for making lightweight, stiff rackets. Undergraduate students could make use of our large dataset of tennis rackets to explore these patterns themselves. They could also go on to measure the dimensions, mass and fundamental frequency of tennis rackets and model them as a uniform beam. Students could also apply the theory to other implements, like badminton and squash rackets or baseball and cricket bats.

Cricket Score Forecasting using Neural Networks

Today, Sports is not what it used to be a decade ago. Technologies like Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence have dominated it. Now there are sensors in all types of sports equipment like cricket bats, stumps, flannels, etc., which analyse the data and provide analytics, which may or may not be helpful, but we, as spectators, thoroughly enjoy the game. The terms such as Cric-Science (Cricket + Data Science) and Cricket Analytics are the fruit of ML/AI. In the last decade alone, cricket has witnessed many changes, such as the addition of a new format like T10, which is yet to be recognised by ICC, along with the introduction of many other international leagues such as IPL, BBL, PSL, CPL, apart from the widely recognised formats like Test Match, One day International and T20. With so much cricket played, the data generated is also massive. But even with these technological advancements, run rate is conventionally used to predict a team’s score in the upcoming overs. So, in this research paper, we aim to predict a team’s score using Neural Network by using the data from past balls.