Crepis Capillaris Research Articles

Antalya, Karaman ve Muğla’dan belirlenen yeni kayıt afit (Hemiptera: Aphidoidae) türleri

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidae) are obligatory phytophagous and many of them highly polyphagous pests and distributed almost all parts of the earth, especially temperature zone. Türkiye has a potential area for aphids because of its rich plant diversity and different climatic region. Most of the aphid species is specific to their host plant and both cause direct and indirect damages. So far, 654 aphid species have been determined on numerous host plants in Türkiye. As a result of the study conducted in Antalya, Karaman and Muğla provinces in Türkiye between March 2020 and September 2021, 12 aphid species were added to Türkiye aphidofauna. These species are Amphorophora urtica Essig, 1942 on Urtica dioica L., Aphis crepidis (Börner, 1940) on Crepis capillaris L. (Wallr.), Chaitophorus utahensis (Knowlton, 1928) on Salix sp., Monelliopsis caryae (Monell, 1879) on Juglans regia L., Doraphis populi (Maskell, 1898) on Populus sp., Eulachnus mediterraneus Binazzi, 1983 on Pinus sp., Metopolophium montanum Hille Ris Lambers, 1966 on Rosa sp., Protaphis echinopis (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) on Echinops viscosus DC., Prociphilus erigeronensis (Thomas, 1879) on Cichorium sp., Sitobion leelamaniae (David, 1958) on Poa sp. and Triticum sp., Tiliaphis pseudoshinae Quednau, 1979 on Tilia sp. and Uroleucon iranicum Holman, 1980 on Gundelia tournefortii (L.). Türkiye aphidofauna has reached 666 species with this study. Detailed information of locality of new records are also given.

New and Noteworthy Records of Vascular Plants for Kansas

Recent fieldwork in eastern Kansas resulted in the discovery to two species of vascular plants previously unreported in the state (Aphanes australis, Mazus miquelii) and new collections of six species previously documented by historical collections or few recent collections (Cerastium dubium, Crepis capillaris, Geranium dissectum, Ranunculus parviflorus, Torilis nodosa, Trifolium resupinatum). All species reported here are considered non-native in Kansas.

Transgenerational responses to climate change in Mediterranean annual species with contrasting functional strategies

Increasing temperature and aridity predicted by climate change models in the Mediterranean region will pose a significant challenge for the survival of some plant species. The mechanisms by which species modify their phenotype across generations in response to the environment have been identified as essential to cope with the new climatic conditions. However, this transgenerational transfer remains unexplored for species with contrasted resource-use strategies (fast-growing or acquisitive versus stress-tolerant or conservative species). For this purpose, transgenerational responses to warming and drought of annual plant species with different resource-use strategies were assessed by conducting three experiments. In a field experiment, climatic treatments of increased temperature and rainfall exclusion were imposed on five herbaceous species typical of Mediterranean grasslands. The descendants of the individuals sampled in the field were employed in two greenhouse experiments to: (1) analyze the transgenerational response by re-imposing warming and drought conditions, and (2) identify possible maternal effects by maintaining them at optimal conditions of air temperature and water availability and comparing with maternal performance. We measured reproductive output, plant growth and survival variables as plant performance indicators. We found contrasting transgenerational responses to warming and drought depending on the functional strategy of the species. Direct effects of the abiotic stressors on parental plants were retained or new ones appeared in their offspring, with special negative impact on one of the most acquisitive species ( Crepis capillaris ). In contrast, the most conservative species ( Bromus madritensis ) highly tolerated increased climatic stress but deleterious maternal effects were registered, given the high negative impact on the performance of the descendants of maternal plants that were subjected to climatic treatments. Our study highlights the importance of evaluating plant responses to stress across generations to better understand their potential ability to face new environmental conditions in species with different functional strategies. • Transgenerational response to climate change varies with plant functional strategy. • Acquisitive plant species are highly sensitive to warming and drought. • Maternal effects compromise the response to climate change of conservative species.

The best wildflowers for wild bees

Governmental agri-environment schemes (AES) aim to improve pollinator abundance and diversity on farmland by sowing wildflower seed mixes. These often contain high proportions of Fabaceae, particularly Trifolium (clovers), which are attractive to some bumblebee species, but not to most of the ~ 240 solitary bee species in the UK. Here we identify wildflowers that are attractive to a greater range of wild bee species. Forty-five wildflower species being farmed for commercial seed production on a single farm were surveyed for native bees. Bee walks were conducted through discrete wildflower areas from April until August in 2018. The results indicate that including a range of Apiaceae, Asteraceae, and Geraniaceae in seed mixes would cater for a wide diversity of bee species. A total of 14 wildflower species across nine families attracted 37 out of the 40 bee species recorded on the farm, and accounted for 99.7% of all visitations. Only two of these 14 species are included in current AES pollinator mixes. Unexpectedly, few visits were made by bumblebees to Trifolium spp. (0.5%), despite their being considered an important food source for bumblebees, while Anthyllis vulneraria and Geranium pratense were highly attractive. For solitary bees, Crepis capillaris, Sinapsis arvensis, Convolvulus arvensis and Chaerophyllum temulum were amongst the best performing species, none of which are usually included in sown flower mixes. We suggest that the standard ‘pollinator’ mixes used in AES might be updated to include some of these wildflower species, and trialled as seed mixes on farmland.

Attraction of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to native plants used as ground cover in woody Mediterranean agroecosystems

Using native seeds to establish semi-natural habitats is a novel strategy to restore biodiversity and ecosystem services such as biological control. As green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are regarded as major biological control agents in different crops, the objective of this study was to test the attractiveness of selected native plant species to lacewings. During a two-year (2016–2017) field experiment near Villarrubia (Andalusia, Spain), 42 native plant species belonging to 13 families were planted. Plant development was monitored, and arthropods were vacuumed from each plot twice during the peak May flowering period. Green lacewings were observed to use 28 of the 36 well developed species to reproduce, feed and/or rest. Chrysoperla lucasina was the predominant species among the captured adults. No clear pattern of attraction common to all species was observed during the two-year sampling period. In 2017, eight plant species showed above-average chrysopid abundance. In addition, Acari abundance correlated positively with chrysopid abundance. Given the attraction of chrysopids, the effect of pests and disease on olive orchards and satisfactory plant development, we consider Biscutella auriculata, Borago officinalis, Silene colorata, Crepis capillaris, Nigella damascena and Papaver rhoeas to be the native plant species best suited to host chrysopids and to restore ground cover in perennial Mediterranean crops.

New Records of Vascular Plant Distribution in the Polish Part of the Lithuanian Lakeland, North-Eastern Poland

AbstractThe paper presents new localities of 15 vascular plants recorded in the Polish part of the Lithuanian Lakeland, north-eastern Poland in 2017–2018, using the ATPOL cartogram method. Crepis capillaris, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Eragrostis albensis, Matthiola longipetala, Oenothera fruticosa, Oenothera glazioviana and Rubus armeniacus are listed as new species for the regional flora.

Mutagenic potential of some heavy metals

Heavy metals are a drastically different group in terms of their mutagenic properties. The mutagenic potential of eight heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, and W) has been studied using a Crepis capillaris L. plant test system. Ag and Cr have been found to be mutagens at the lowest concentrations (up to 10–8 M); Cu and W were not mutagens. A comparative analysis of the results obtained with other plant test systems was performed and close correlations were established. The toxic and mutagenic sequences of these metals were made up.

Mutagenic potential of some heavy metals

Heavy metals are drastically different group from the point of view of its mutagenic properties. The mutagenic potential of eight heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, W) was investigated using plant test-system Crepis capillaris L. Ag and Cr were mutagens at the lowest concentrations (up to 10-8M), Cu and W were not mutagens. Analysis of the results obtained with other plant test-systems was done and good correlations were established. Toxic and mutagenic sequences of these metals were made up.

Influence of the presence of B chromosomes on DNA damage in Crepis capillaris.

The sensitivity of different plant species to mutagenic agents is related to the DNA content and organization of the chromatin, which have been described in ABCW and bodyguard hypotheses, respectively. Plant species that have B chromosomes are good models for the study of these hypotheses. This study presents an analysis of the correlation between the occurrence of B chromosomes and the DNA damage that is induced by the chemical mutagen, maleic hydrazide (MH), in Crepis capillaris plants using comet assay. The presence of B chromosomes has a detectable impact on the level of DNA damage. The level of DNA damage after MH treatment was correlated with the number of B chromosomes and it was observed that it increased significantly in plants with 3B chromosomes. We did not find evidence of the protective role from chemical mutagens of the constitutive heterochromatin for euchromatin in relation to DNA damage. The DNA damage involving the 25S rDNA sequences was analyzed using the comet-FISH technique. Fragmentation within or near the 25S rDNA involved the loci on the A and B chromosomes. The presence of B chromosomes in C. capillaris cells had an influence on the level of DNA damage that involves the 25S rDNA region.

CYTOGENETIC TESTS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF RIVER WATER

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sensitivity of plant bioassays:Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) tests using BNL 02 and 4430 clones, and Crepis capillaris hairyroots chromosome aberrations test. The evaluation of the sensitivity of the tests was based on the example of the analysis of the genotoxicity of water samples from two natural water reservoirs in Poland: the Rawa River, heavily polluted by industry, and the Goczalkowice - drinking water reservoir. Both tests showed genotoxicity of the Goczalkowice and Rawa waters. The results suggested the stronger genotoxic effect of water samples on Tradescantia 4430 clone compared to BNL 02. Tradescantia 4430 was a more sensitive bioindicator of genotoxicity than C. capillaris hairy roots. However it has been proved that Crepis capillaris hairy roots could be used as a convenient system for the environmental monitoring of water samples. Our study is the first example of using the TUNEL test (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) to determine the genotoxicity of water pollutants.

Clastogenic and Anticlastogenic Activity of Glucocorticoid Hormones Hydrocortisone and Its Synthetic Analogs Prednisolone and Dexamethasone

Clastogenic and anticlastogenic activity of glucocorticoid hormones hydrocortisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone was studied by counting chromosome aberrations in Crepis capillaris test system. Hydrocortisone in a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml produced a clastogenic effect and increased the number of chromosome aberrations in comparison with spontaneous level. Hydrocortisone (6.25 and 3.13 mg/ml), prednisolone (15, 7.5, and 3.75 mg/ml), and dexamethasone (1, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.125 mg/ml) exhibited an anticlastogenic effect and reduced ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutagenesis.

Environmental Toxicity Monitoring of Nanomaterials using Vicia Faba GENE-TOX Assay

Environmental Toxicity Monitoring of Nanomaterials using Vicia Faba GENE-TOX Assay

Modification of UV-B radiation effect on Crepis capillaris by antioxidant and environmental conditions

Modification of UV-B radiation effect on Crepis capillaris by antioxidant and environmental conditions

Modification of UV-B radiation effect on Crepis capillaris by antioxidant and environmental conditions

Stability of cell division and genetic structures has special significance for plant development and productivity. On the basis of literature data about the very low photolyase activity in roots, the action of UV-B radiation and its putative modifying factors were studied on the root meristematic cells of model plant Crepis capillaris . It is really a very sensitive system for UV-B radiation. Action of UV-B was investigated in a wide range of doses (0; 0.75;1.00; 1.13; 1.50; 2.00; 2.50; 3.00 kJ m -2 . The dose of 0.75 kJ m -2 already decreased the cell division and up to 1 kJ m -2 UV-B dose induced the chromosome aberrations (CAs). The supplementary B chromosome did not show any effect on CA induction, but plants with B chromosome had a more stable mitotic activity of cells. The strongest protective effect on CA induction was revealed by salicylic acid (10-4 M). Photoreactivation also showed certain decrease of the CA level, and the lowest effect was of ascorbic acid. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v24i6.14680

Dna Damage in Crepis Capillaris Cells in Response to in Vitro Conditions

Dna Damage in Crepis Capillaris Cells in Response to in Vitro Conditions

Genotoxic effects of the pesticides Rubigan, Omite and Rovral in root-meristem cells of Crepis capillaris L.

Three pesticides have been studied for their genotoxicity by the use of assays in the plant Crepis capillaris, aimed at measuring chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromosome exchange (SCE). The fungicides Rubigan 12 EC (fenarimol) and Rovral 25 Flo (iprodione) and the insecticide Omite 57 E (propargite) are all widely used nowadays. The aim of our study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of these pesticides at concentrations corresponding to those applied in agricultural practice. In preliminary experiments we found that these concentrations do not influence cell proliferation and do not inhibit the growth of root meristems. In all experiments formulated commercial products were used. From the results we conclude that the three pesticides did not induce chromosomal aberrations as estimated by metaphase and anaphase analyses. They were also not capable to induce SCE. Rubigan did not induce micronucleus formation even at the highest concentration tested, but Omite and Rovral markedly increased micronucleus formation. The MN response depended on the sampling time and the concentration used, which showed a significant dose–response correlation ( r = 0.978, P < 0.01 and r = 0.941, P < 0.01, respectively). A greater increase in micronucleus frequency was observed after Rovral treatment, where the highest concentration gave a response 8–10-fold above the negative control. Both pesticides induced high frequencies of lagging chromosomes, even after exposure to the lower test concentrations. The presence of lagging chromosomes is an indication of anti-microtubule activity of the pesticides tested. This effect was more strongly expressed after exposure to the two higher concentrations of Omite and Rovral. In this case a complete destruction of the mitotic spindle was observed, resulting in C-mitoses as well as in numerical aberrations—polyploidy and aneuploidy. The present findings suggest that Omite and Rovral at concentrations comparable to those used in practice can be regarded as potential aneugens.

Initial data on the specific heterogeneity found in the bee pollen loads produced in the Pontevedra region (north‐west Spain)

Heterogeneous pollen load frequency from a beehive located in the Morcón (Pontevedra, north‐west Spain) was recorded. Samples of pollen loads were obtained weekly between May and July using pollen traps, and the accumulated pollen was removed at different times. Of the total analysed pollen loads an average heterogeneity percentage of approximately 5% was recorded. The pollen load heterogeneity consisted of mixed pellets with pollen of several species, but usually with one species (Erica umbellata L., Lythrum salicaria L., Lotus corniculatus L., Cytisus scoparius‐type, Castanea sativa Miller, Echium plantagineum L., Reseda media Lag., Erica cinerea L., Trifolium arvense L., Lonicera peryclimenum L., Scandix pecten‐veneris L., Calystegia sepium (L.) Br., Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Plantago lanceolata L., ‐Raphanus raphanistrum L., Rubus ulmifolius‐ type or Poaceae) having higher values than others. It appears that mixed loads are not the result of flower deception but related to a decrease in pollen availability from plants the bees are currently foraging on that result in mixed foraging behaviour on other taxa.

Comparative genotoxicity of the herbicides Roundup, Stomp and Reglone in plant and mammalian test systems

The genotoxicities of the herbicides Roundup (glyphosate), Stomp (pendimethaline) and Reglone (diquat), were compared in plant (Crepis capillaris L.) and mouse bone marrow test systems using chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei. Roundup did not induce chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei in either test system. Reglone also did not induce chromosomal aberrations in either test system; however, it increased micronucleus frequency in both plant cells and mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs). The responses of the two test systems to Stomp were quite different. Stomp did not induce chromosomal aberrations in the plant cells, but increased their incidence in mouse cells; Stomp increased the frequency of micronuclei in both test systems. The induction of micronuclei in plant cells may have been due to the spindle-destroying effect of the herbicide, since all concentrations of Stomp produced C-mitoses. The increased chromosomal aberration frequency in mouse bone marrow cells observed at later sampling times after administration of Stomp into animals suggests that the induction of aberrations may be due to biosynthesis of genotoxic metabolites. This conclusion was supported by the coincidence between the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and of micronucleated PCEs in mouse cells. These data indicate that plant and animal assays are differentially responsive to some pesticides, and these differences may be due to metabolism and their responses to mitotic spindle disruption.

Zea mays assays of chemical/radiation genotoxicity for the study of environmental mutagens

From a literature survey, 86 chemicals are tabulated that have been evaluated in 121 assays for their clastogenic effects in Zea mays. Eighty-one of the 86 chemicals are reported as giving a positive reaction (i.e. causing chromosome aberrations). Of these, 36 are reported positive with a dose response. In addition, 32 assays have been recorded for 7 types of radiation, all of which reacted positively. The results of 126 assays with 63 chemicals and 12 types of radiation tested for the inductions of gene mutations are tabulated, as well as 63 chemicals and/or radiation in combined treatments. Three studies reported positive results for mutations on Zea mays seed sent on space flights. The Zea mays (2n=20) assay is a very good plant bioassay for assessing chromosome damage both in mitosis and meiosis and for somatic mutations induced by chemicals and radiations. The carcinogenicity and Salmonella assays correlate in all cases. The maize bioassay has been shown to be as sensitive and as specific an assay as other plant genotoxicity assays, such as Hordeum vulgare, Vicia faba, Crepis capillaris, Pisum sativum, Lycopersicon esculentum and Allium cepa and should be considered in further studies in assessing clastogenicity. Tests using Zea mays can be made for a spectrum of mutant phenotypes of which many are identifiable in young seedlings.

Crepis capillaris Wallr. (Compositae, Lactuceae), una adición a la flora adventicia de México

Se registra por primera vez para México la presencia de Crepis capillaris, maleza originaria de Europa. Se le observó como ruderal e invadiendo agostaderos en la parte central del estado de Veracruz, entre 1900 y 2450 m de altitud, en condiciones de clima húmedo. Se estima que su arribo a esta área debe datar de hace no mucho más de 20 años.