Creative Research Design Research Articles

Physician Approaches to the Initial Management of an Intraluminal Thrombus in Recently Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Results from the Hot Carotid Study (S20.005)

Physician Approaches to the Initial Management of an Intraluminal Thrombus in Recently Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Results from the Hot Carotid Study (S20.005)

Teaching Undergraduates Research Methods: A “Methods Lab” Approach

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a “methods lab” approach to teaching undergraduates about different types of research in political science. In this approach, students are given explicit instruction on what a specific research method entails and the opportunity to practice it before conducting their own research. Methods labs can help students craft more creative research designs as well as understand the strengths and potential pitfalls associated with each method, making the subsequent process of writing a research paper or thesis easier. We provide two sample methods labs focused on conducting archival research and developing survey and interview questions. We discuss our experiences in implementing the labs in a thesis course, describe how the modular lab approach could fit into multiple types of courses, and offer suggestions for those interested in developing labs for other types of research methods.

Empathy, an important but problematic concept

ABSTRACT The concept of empathy as it is used in scholarly discourse has been challenged for over 50 years, yet the same ambiguities and controversies associated with the concept persist and, indeed, have accelerated with the accumulation of definitions, subconstructs that are included under the empathy umbrella, and measuring instruments. In this article we address the following interrelated problems: many definitions, authors not offering definitions, authors using instruments that do not match their definitions, authors not specifying definitions and measurements in cited studies, the jingle-jangle problem, and the persistent need for more construct validity research. In this Special Issue on empathy and its problems, authors bring new theoretical insights, creative research designs, and a critical focus on the empathy concept itself.

언어네트워크 분석을 활용한 국내 카지노 연구동향 분석

This study examined the casino research trends in Korea using the semantic network analysis. A total of 517 casino-related studies identified through RISS search, were used for the analysis. Both frequency of occurrence and centrality analysis results showed that research topics related to human resource management, casino customers, and casino businesses ranked the top. Among them, the influence of human resource management related keywords was the largest. The result of comparative analysis of casino research trends divided them into two periods: the first half (2008-2013) and the second half (2014-2019) showed that the human resource management field was the most important topic of Korean casino research at all times. However, keywords such as 'integrated resort', 'corporate social responsibility', 'organizational citizenship', and ‘responsible gambling’ that were not in the first half appeared in the second half suggesting that the topics of Korean casino research are also changing due to changes in the casino industry and social needs. Finally, this study suggested that despite the quantitative increase in Korean casino research, the diversity of research topics is very limited. It is necessary to initiate creative research design in various aspects beyond existing research.

Realist avenues to global International Relations

Realism has long been criticized by global IR, but the former can contribute to the latter and thereby improve explanations of international relations. Global IR criticizes that realism supposedly applies universally, sidelines non-Western perspectives, and misunderstands much of foreign policy, grand strategy, and international affairs. Reviewing global IR’s case against realism, however, exposes avenues for realism to complement global IR. Realism can contribute to a more global understanding of international relations through its most recent variant: neoclassical realism (NCR). This newest realism allows for contextualization and historicization of drivers of state behavior. It can embrace and has already been engaging global questions and cases; global thought and concepts; and global perspectives and scholarship. Mapping 149 NCR publications produced by 96 scholars reveals a slow shift in knowledge production away from North America toward Europe and to a lesser extent Asia and Africa. Creative research designs and scholarly collaboration can put realism in fruitful conversation with global IR. This has implications for theory building and inclusive knowledge production in realism, global IR, and the wider discipline. Only when we discover new avenues for realists to travel can they contribute to a more global IR. In turn, when global IR scholars engage realism, they may be better able to address the Western versus non-Western dichotomies they challenge.

The 2017 IBS MacArthur & Wilson Award

Announcements frontiers of biogeography 8.2, e31470, 2016 The 2017 MacArthur and Wilson Award The International Biogeography Society Board is pleased to announce that the MacArthur and Wilson Award will be presented to Dr. Jessica Blois at the society’s 8 th biennial meeting in Tucson, Arizona, USA (January 9-13, 2017). This award – named in honor of Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson - is spon- sored by Frontiers of Biogeography and was created to recognize an outstanding, compara- tively early career scientist that has made nota- ble, innovative contributions to the discipline of biogeography. Dr. Blois is one of the top researchers in the new generation of scientists working at the intersection of biogeography and paleoecology. Her research integrates neo-and paleo- ecological approaches to understand the abiot- ic and biotic processes that control the pat- terns of species distributions and diversity through space and time. Dr. Blois blends deep expertise in community ecology and paleoecol- ogy with creative research design, field and laboratory work, and rigorous statistical analy- sis and modeling to advance our understanding of species and ecosystem responses to large and rapid environmental changes. In a series of groundbreaking papers, Dr. Blois’ innovative work has demonstrated key mechanisms and outcomes of climate change, species interac- tions, and biodiversity dynamics over millennia. Her use of state-of-the-art statistical tools and datasets has provided the community with new paths forward for tackling challenging diverse problems in an era of rapid global change. The IBS Board notes with thanks, the work of the MacArthur and Wilson Award Com- mittee: Carl Beierkuhnlein, David Currie, Jona- than Price, Jack Williams and Vicki Funk (chair). International Biogeography Society Board frontiers of biogeography, ISSN 1948-6596 — © 2016 the authors; journal compilation © 2016 The International Biogeography Society

Critical discourse analysis in the study of representation, identity politics and power relations: a multi-method approach

This article sheds light on the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as an approach for uncovering power relationsin the study of identity politics. To evaluate this approach, Idraw from my experience investigating the role of language useand the meaning contained in the discourses reproduced in twomain newspapers in Spain when referring to Spaniards inrelation to immigrants from the Global South. Drawing fromthis case study, I argue that CDA is an invaluable approachwhen used to expose patterns of language use which allows foruncovering, vis à vis critical evaluation, the production ofknowledge in society. However, using CDA involves developinga creative research design. A multidisciplinary and multimethodologicalapproach, largue, is desirable whenresearching in CDA to seek explanation, to fully uncovering andexplaining obscured exploitative/unequal social powerrelations, and to enact social change.

Misclassification by Whom?

racial identity and perceptions by others. Using a creative research design that relies primarily on the third wave in-home inter views of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health), CT indeed, the pattern is nonsignificant or only marginally significant among self-reported American Indians who are classified as White. This is a very important article. Its theoretical arguments are highly persuasive, and its empirical evidence, if corroborated under closer scrutiny, identifies a critical mechanism by which racial categorization shapes individuals' experiences. It also cau tions us from automatically assuming that racial self-identifications accurately reflect others' perceptions of individuals and from considering others' reports of race as fully objective indicators. Although C&T offer a convincing theoret ical rationale to believe that misclassification

Oxytocin and Human Social Behavior

Despite a general consensus that oxytocin (OT) has prosocial effects, there is no clear agreement on how these effects are achieved. Human research on OT is reviewed under three broad research initiatives: attachment and trust, social memory, and fear reduction. As an organizing perspective for scholars’ current knowledge, a tentative model of the causes and effects of alterations in OT level is proposed. The model must remain provisional until conceptual and methodological problems are addressed that arise from a failure to distinguish between traits and states, differing research paradigms used in relation to OT as an independent versus dependent variable, and the possibility that OT effects depend on the initial emotional state of the individual. Social and personality psychologists have important roles to play in developing more rigorous and creative research designs.

Ethnicity and Electoral Politics and Ethnic Bargaining: The Paradox of Minority Empowerment

Ethnicity and Electoral Politics. By Johanna Kristin Birnir. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 279p. 45.00.The literature on ethnic mobilization has benefited considerably in recent years from a wave of innovative scholarship examining such ostensibly disparate issues as ethnic party formation, the psychological and emotional underpinnings of group violence, the utility (and disutility) of ethnic appeals by power-seeking elites, and the limits and benefits of civic associations as a means of ameliorating intergroup conflict. A common feature shared by this work is its focus on problem-oriented research questions, creative research design, a rigorous application of diverse methodological approaches, and, perhaps most importantly, the willingness to develop and empirically test potentially contentious theories. Johanna Kristin Birnir's Ethnicity and Electoral Politics and Erin K. Jenne's Ethnic Bargaining are reflective of these qualities and make strong contributions to the field of ethnic politics. Both books make striking claims about contemporary debates in communal politics research and employ a broad array of empirical tools to test their core hypotheses. At the same time, they diverge regarding the implications of political liberalization and the greater political latitude it affords organized ethnic communities.

The Search for Mechanisms of Behavior Change in Evidence‐Based Behavioral Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorders: Overview

Over the past three decades, the main question of interest to alcohol treatment researchers has concerned the main effects of a particular behavioral intervention or what works. Increasingly, alcohol treatment researchers are turning their attention to the underlying psychological, social, and even neurophysiologic processes or "active ingredients" that are driving therapeutic change. The articles contained in this supplement to Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research grew out of invited presentations given at a one-day satellite session immediately preceding the 28th Annual Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism (RSA). The conference was a collaborative effort of the Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addiction at the University of New Mexico, the Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, Brown University, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health. The conference featured a mix of full-length presentations on conceptual and methodological issues, reports of original research findings, and lively discussion among speakers and conference participants. Understanding mechanisms of behavior change will benefit the field by identifying the key aspects of therapy that must be present for maximum effect, irrespective of the specific technique being applied; provide a new way to approach patient-treatment interactions; and lay the groundwork for understanding how change is affected by social and other extratreatment factors. Although not a new topic to the field, understanding mechanisms of behavior change has begun to capture the interest of an increasing number of alcohol treatment researchers. Understanding behavior change is an exceedingly complex enterprise and innovative thinking and creative research designs will be required to advance the field.

Contributions of Sahgal and Colleagues: The “Vasopression Central Arousal Theory”

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the views and studies of Sahgal and associates concerning the influence of vasopressin (VP) on memory processing. Many of Sahgal's writings have critically evaluated the VP/OT central memory theory and the research practices on which it has been based. Rejecting the thesis that VP directly influences substrates underlying memory consolidation and retrieval, the Sahgal et al. viewpoint, the VP central arousal theory proposes instead that the behavioral effects of the peptide are best explained by its ability to increase the baseline arousal level. Sahgal and colleagues regard their theoretical position as essentially agreeing with that of Koob and associates. The role of VP in memory processing and the effects of VP on learning and memory tasks to a primary effect on the individual's arousal level were emphasized in their research studies. The innovative and creative research design and measurement that characterize their research protocols, together with their employment of a variety of learning tasks, have yielded results supporting the view that a VP-induced arousal effect is especially prominent in those types and stages of memory processing, especially dependent on focused and sustained attentional processing for a successful outcome.

Using Qualitative Data from Children to Teach about Gender Role Socialization

behaviors considered culturally appropriate for their gender. I believe personal, qualitative data provided by children can be used effectively to: 1) highlight some of the issues in gender role socialization; 2) generate research hypotheses; 3) stimulate creative research designs; 4) illustrate how gender role socialization occurs; and 5) illustrate the importance of the social context in gender role socialization. Examples of qualitative data which can be used in the teaching process follow. Such examples are meant only to be illustrative, not representative of a particular population. I turn first to children's pictorial art.

Critical discourse analysis in the study of representation, identity politics and power relations: a multi-method approach

This article sheds light on the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as an approach for uncovering power relationsin the study of identity politics. To evaluate this approach, Idraw from my experience investigating the role of language useand the meaning contained in the discourses reproduced in twomain newspapers in Spain when referring to Spaniards inrelation to immigrants from the Global South. Drawing fromthis case study, I argue that CDA is an invaluable approachwhen used to expose patterns of language use which allows foruncovering, vis à vis critical evaluation, the production ofknowledge in society. However, using CDA involves developinga creative research design. A multidisciplinary and multimethodologicalapproach, largue, is desirable whenresearching in CDA to seek explanation, to fully uncovering andexplaining obscured exploitative/unequal social powerrelations, and to enact social change.