Creation Of New Technologies Research Articles

The paradox of government-funded innovation in weakly institutionalized environments

Government intention to spur innovation can result in the proliferation of low-quality patents, which is especially pronounced in countries with a low level of government accountability. This study examines the paradoxical effects of government-funded innovation in weakly institutionalized environments. I offer a game-theoretic model, in which the government has a stake in technological development and invests in research and development, although this encourages the growth of low-quality patents. Using Russian patents data between 1998 and 2016, I illustrate this mechanism by demonstrating the causal impact of Russia's government policy, which resulted in a simultaneous increase in the number of patents and a decrease in the absolute number of high-quality patents in the patent pool. This study provides a theoretical background for evaluating the impact of political incentives for investing in the creation of new technologies in the technological development of countries.

Influence of Intellectual Property Laws on Innovation in the Technology Sector in South Korea

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze influence of intellectual property laws on innovation in the technology Sector in South Korea Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Intellectual Property Laws have played a crucial role in fostering innovation within South Korea's technology sector. The strategic implementation of patent rights and utility models has been instrumental in the country's rapid technological advancement since the mid-1980s. This legal framework has not only protected but also incentivized the creation of new technologies, propelling South Korea to become a global leader in innovation. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Schumpeterian innovation theory, resource-based view (RBV) of the firm & institutional theory may be used to anchor future studies on intellectual property laws on innovation in the technology Sector. Technology firms should adopt proactive strategies to navigate the intellectual property landscape effectively and leverage legal frameworks to foster innovation. Policymakers should prioritize the development of robust intellectual property regimes that balance incentives for innovation with the promotion of competition and access to knowledge.

ARDL and VECM Investigation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Egypt, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and Turkey: Financial Development, Globalization, and Government Expenditure Implications for Sustainable Development

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;">The present paper empirically examines the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, which posits an inverted U-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth, in Egypt, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and Turkey for the period 1970-2020. The EKC validity is highly debated due to varying results across countries. This study is significant to addresses this controversy by estimating the EKC's robustness while considering the influence of financial development, globalization, and government expenditure. We employ two cointegration techniques, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and vector error correction model (VECM), also considering potential structural breaks in the data. Out key findings indicate that the EKC hypothesis is supported in India, Pakistan, and Turkey, with carbon emissions eventually declining after reaching a peak. The hypothesis is not supported in Egypt and Thailand, where emissions rise monotonically with economic growth. In Mexico, the results are mixed, with ARDL suggesting a U-shaped relationship and VECM supporting the EKC. From our empirical analysis of the EKC hypothesis, we derive the following policy implications: 1) countries should adopt comprehensive policy strategies that integrate these goals and fully consider the long-term environmental and societal impacts of their decisions; 2) countries should invest heavily in research and development to accelerate the creation of new technologies that can effectively reduce carbon emissions; and 3) countries must actively raise awareness about the environmental repercussions of economic growth.</span></p>

Sosialisasi Pembinaan dan Supervisi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar

Science is increasingly developing from time to time. The development of this science supports the creation of new technologies that mark the progress of the times. Until now, the developing technology has entered the digital stage. Including in Indonesia, every field has begun to utilize technology to facilitate work, including in the field of education. As an entity related to human culture and civilization, education in various parts of the world has experienced very fundamental changes in the era of globalization.

Caitlin Vincent, Digital Scenography in the Twenty-First Century, Ashgate Interdisciplinary Studies in Opera - Caitlin Vincent, Digital Scenography in the Twenty-First Century, Ashgate Interdisciplinary Studies in Opera Abingdon: Routledge, 2022. 212 pp. ISBN 9780367553920 (hard cover). DOI: 10.4324/9781003093305 (ebook)

It is June 2022 and the premiere of R.U.R. Torrent of Light, a multimedia opera, in Toronto is enthralling audiences. Inspired by Karel Čapek’s play that introduced the word ‘robot’ into 20th-century vocabulary, composer Nicole Lizée and librettist and playwright Nicholas Billon have conceived a science-fiction opera for our current fascination with AI (artificial intelligence). The production by Toronto’s Tapestry Opera Theatre is in partnership with the research and creation of new technologies at the Social Body Lab and the Digital Futures Initiatives at Ontario College of Art & Design University. It has been conceived to embed technologies into the scenographic dramaturgy as projections, wearable art and spatialisation of sound and light through the costuming and neologisms in instrumentation to create a ‘unique electronica-classical sound’ of the neo-futurist worlding. After the hiatus of the last two years, this live performance highlights our growing recognition of scenographic vocabularies of programmable performance affecting behaviours, as well as expanded definitions of sound and digital integration as contemporary opera. Such interdisciplinarity has often brought the spectator into fresh relationships with opera in performance, thereby activating the event of spectatorship.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EASTERN AND WESTERN PEDAGOGY IN THE FORMATION OF EASTERN SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VIEWS OF TEENAGE GIRLS

The radical changes taking place in theeducational system, the content of teaching is increasingly enriched with new ideas and views, the creation of new technologies that serve to increase the potential of the younger generation intellektual, the spiritual maturity of educators is also a process that depends on the formation of qualities.

Supply chain disruptions and their effect on suppliers and consumers in the marketplace

Supply chains are essential for businesses to stay afloat and to create operational efficiency. Without them, it becomes difficult to maintain customer value and to serve with a competitive advantage. Supply chain disruptions are always expected to occur due to the demand for certain products either decreasing or increasing. In recent years, we have experienced a mass supply chain disruption that has affected businesses worldwide. The Covid-19 pandemic took the economy by storm and has changed the way business owners view the marketplace. Market uncertainty was at an all-time high, leading business owner to re-assess their operations. Both consumer and supplier behavior were changing the way these markets were fluctuating. The intensity of consumer purchasing behaviors was beginning to shift the demand curve. Localization of supply became a more seemingly popular way to counteract product shortages. The creation of new technologies will also help industries to be more prepared and manufacture products more efficiently. Furthermore, supply chains can be unpredictable and there are many ways in which the marketplace can be ready for those moments of uncertainty. The past few years have really opened a new lens and gave businesses a new point of view on what can be expected. As for now, preparing for the future is a great place to start and will help us continue a path to a successful economy. Thus, the goal of this research is to identify and explore different businesses tactics and procedures to help explore the effects of the supply chain disruptions on the public.

Comparative Analysis of Approaches to the Formation of an Institutional Framework for the Development of a Changing Resource Base for Hydrocarbon Production (on the Example of High-viscosity Oils in Alberta (Canada) and the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia))

The modern evolution of the dynamics of the structure of the hydrocarbon resource base in various regions is characterized, as a rule, by the gradual replacement of traditional sources with more complex ones. The latter are currently classified as hard-to-recover reserves (HTRR). The process of mastering and involvement in the development of HTRR is closely related to the transition to an innovative path of development, the creation of new technologies, the strengthening of the role of local knowledge, the accumulation of experience working with non-trivial sources of raw materials, and most importantly, with the efforts cooperation of various participants involved both in scientific and technological processes and in the development of subsurface areas. All of the above is impossible without the formation of an appropriate institutional framework with regional specifics. One example of an approach implemented in this area is the Canadian province - Alberta. There is also some experience in this field in Russia – in the Republic of Tatarstan. In a comparison with the initial conditions and approaches to the development of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon resources in these territories shows that there are both common and distinct features within the framework of the implemented approaches. Consideration of the latter is important from the point of view of choosing the directions for the formation a domestic working model in this area.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СУВЕРЕНИТЕТА

It is shown that a new world economic structure is being formed as a result of intensive scientific and technological progress regulated by special laws. The leading place in the new way will be occupied by countries with the most developed scientific and technological complex. The new scientific and technical policy should be aimed at creating such a complex, first of all, at ensuring the development of fundamental scientific research, ensuring the acquisition of new knowledge necessary for the creation of new technologies, the development of education and culture. It is necessary to improve the research and development management system, develop the scientific and technical potential of the regions and scientific diplomacy.

Crop Improvement: Comparison of Transgenesis and Gene Editing

The development and improvement of molecular biology methods have led to the creation of new technologies that make it possible to modify plant genomes by transferring and integrating into the genomes’ heterologous genes from various expression systems (genetic engineering), as well as inducing knockouts of one or more target genes of interest (genomic editing). The development of genome-editing methods is a new milestone in the development of modern breeding methods and certainly relies on the knowledge and technologies developed for transgenesis. This review will discuss issues related to the advantages and disadvantages of both technologies for improving the economically valuable traits of important crops.

Динамічні сценарії розвитку інноваційної складової публічного управління

The article examines dynamic scenarios and features of the development of innovative technologies in public management and administration. Attention is focused on studying the nature of the distribution of resources both material and labor, aimed at the creation of new technologies and the accumulation of knowledge. The process of creation of innovative technologies is analyzed as one of the types of knowledge created in the research and development sector, used by all economic agents and is an innovative component of public administration. The aim of the article is to identify the features of the process of accumulation of knowledge and creation of new technologies on the basis of a system analysis of the process of development of innovative products in the public services sector. The systemically dynamic approach presented in the article, in contrast to the existing studies, is carried out on the basis of empirical system scientific analysis, as well as the on the basis of experience of researches on the efficiency of work organization, taking into account technological trends. The influence of the parameter, which characterizes the elasticity of the speed of development of new technologies in relation to the amount of available knowledge in the research sector, on the dynamics of development of the innovative component of public administration is analyzed. A study of three different scenarios has been carried out, and it has been determined under what conditions long-term stable development and growth are possible. The effect of the results of public administration is often manifested only in the long run. A systemically dynamic approach to the study of the innovative component of the provision of public services makes it possible to identify the key components that play a central role in the performance of public administration functions. The formation and development of the innovation sector and the creation of new technologies, the State policy of its support and cooperation are necessary and important in the difficult realities of today. Although developments in the research sector are not the only source of technological change, they are one of the main sources of innovation and the main center for the creation of new innovative products and processes used in public administration and most sectors of the economy.

РОЛЬ УНИВЕРСИТЕТСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ В СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ РАЗВИТИИ РЕГИОНОВ СТРАНЫ

Education plays an important role in the development of the socio-economic system. It not only generates qualified specialists, but also has a strong influence on the economic, political and social development of the regions. In modern conditions, education is becoming a real tool for the qualitative development of the country and increasing its economic potential. For a more accurate understanding of the role of university complexes in socio-economic development, the task of a comprehensive assessment of the main aspects of their contribution to the development of the regions of our country is urgent. The article examines how university complexes contribute to scientific research, the development of innovations and the creation of new technologies. The article analyzes exactly how university complexes act as incubators for startups and young entrepreneurs. Attention is also paid to attracting investments, specialists and talented youth. The cultural role of university complexes is also not ignored. The authors consider the impact on socio-economic development of key trends in education, namely digitalization and mobility. The evolution of the roles played by university complexes is noted. They go beyond traditional knowledge transfer and become active participants in socio-economic and regional governance. Thanks to their multifaceted activities, universities play a key role in creating a favorable economic environment and ensure the sustainable development of both individual regions and our country as a whole. The article focuses on the fact that education is not just a process of acquiring knowledge and skills, but rather a unifying force capable of transforming the socio–economic sphere of the regions of our country.

ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНИЙ КАПІТАЛ ЯК ЧИННИК ЗРОСТАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ РЕГІОНУ

The paper examines the theoretical foundations of the concept of "intellectual capital" and reveals its relationship with the innovative development of the region. It was determined that a significant prerequisite for Ukraine's entry into the world economic space is the formation of an effective innovation model that must meet modern global requirements and serve as an important basis for reproducing all processes of the country's economic development. The main factors of innovative development of the regional economy are determined. A terminological approach to defining the concept of "intellectual capital" is given. A semantic analysis of the essence of the concept of "intellectual capital" was carried out and those that most deeply highlight the categorical aspects of this concept were highlighted. It was determined that intellectual capital is a complex concept that characterizes intellectual work, ensures the creation of new technologies and innovations in society, as well as the growth of the general education level of the regions. It is noted that the formation and implementation of intellectual capital at enterprises requires complex efforts of the state to overcome the technological and organizational backwardness of most regions. The components of intellectual capital are given and their contribution to regional development is determined. It was determined that the formation and implementation of all components of intellectual capital in the regional development forms a new progressive level of technology development, improvement of the knowledge economy and the creation of intellectual products in the region. The measures contributing to the sustainable reproduction of the intellectual capital of the country's regions are specified. It has been proven that innovative activity is one of the main components of both regional development and the development of the country in general, and intellectual capital is a significant driver of technological progress and the introduction of intellectual products in the region. Taking into account the dependence of the innovative activity of the regions on intellectual capital, their relationship between each other and the results of the activity are determined.

Scenario forecasting of the dynamics of Russian production technologies using spatial SAR models

Relevance. The development and implementation of advanced production technologies are the most important factors of economic growth and competitiveness in the modern economy. Predicting their dynamics, taking into account the spatial features of localization, is a difficult and time-consuming task. The spatial effects resulting from the impact of the surrounding territories play a significant role in the dynamics of advanced production technologies in the regions of Russia. Accounting for these effects is necessary when constructing scenario models in conditions of strong spatial heterogeneity of the studied processes. Traditional forecasting methods do not take into account spatial interdependencies and are not able to reflect the influence of surrounding regions on the development of technologies. Research objective. Assessment and scenario forecasting of the dynamics of advanced production technologies being developed in the regions of Russia using SAR models that allow taking into account spatial effects between regions. Data and methods. For scenario forecasting of the dynamics of advanced production technologies being developed in the Russian regions, taking into account spatial effects, a methodological approach was developed based on the modeling of the spatial log (SAR) of the processes of their development, autoregressive (ARMA) modeling and forecasting of the key factors of their dynamics. Taking into account spatial effects and heterogeneity, the proposed approach to modeling makes it possible to more accurately predict the dynamics of advanced production technologies in the Russian regions. Results. The developed methodological approach was tested to form predictive scenarios for the dynamics of advanced production technologies being developed in the regions of Russia. In particular, an inertial forecast scenario was developed, assuming the preservation of current trends in the dynamics of the technologies being developed, as well as two extreme possible scenarios – optimistic and pessimistic. With the help of the spatial SAR model, a significant influence of the number of research organizations on the volume of advanced production technologies generated was confirmed, and in the second group of regions, the influence of the number of technicians who conduct research and development was confirmed. The novelty of the study is to take into account the spatial features of the localization of the advanced production technologies being developed, as well as the spatial effects resulting from the impact of the surrounding regions on the creation of new technologies. This approach makes it possible to significantly reduce errors in the formation of forecast scenarios in conditions of significant spatial heterogeneity of the initial data. Conclusions. To intensify the generation of new technologies in the regions of the second group, it is necessary to attract personnel with technical specialties. The dynamics of the technologies being developed in the first group of regions with a powerful research potential are also influenced by the number of research personnel and the amount of attracted financial resources for fundamental and applied research. To increase the activity of these regions in the development of advanced technologies, it is necessary to form and develop relationships with the surrounding regions.

The Environment: The Most Critical Global Issue, the Role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and States in Advancing International Environmental Law

The misuse of land accounts for 11% of carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to the warming of our planet. The United Nations has warned of a climate hell. In a separate report, the United Nations' World Meteorological Organization pointed to an 80% probability of recording temperatures more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels for at least one year within the next five years. Air pollution affects physical, mental, and emotional health, reducing brain oxygen levels, leading to impulsive decisions, and increasing impulsive behaviors, which disrupt adaptation to the environment. According to medical research, air pollution can lead to increased anxiety, stress, violence, aggression, reduced cognitive ability, learning, and concentration, depression, and certain psychosomatic and mental disorders. The environment is the world's most critical issue because it encompasses water, clean air, dense forests, soil preservation, sustainable urban development, smokeless factories, planned mining, efficient use of seas, and pure oxygen for everyone to breathe. If rulers do not have the environment, where will they rule? International law, once confined to regulating relations between states and in the context of warfare, has made significant progress thanks to the expansion of international relations, opening new horizons for the global community. Among these advancements is international environmental law, a set of international rules aimed at preventing pollution and protecting the environment. Scientific advancements and the creation of new technologies have put the environment at greater risk, making its protection a more serious concern. Over the past four decades, international environmental law has emerged as an essential part of the public order of the global community, increasingly linked to the work of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The ICJ, as the primary judicial body of the United Nations, plays a crucial role in environmental protection and the development of international environmental law. The findings suggest that states also have significant obligations and responsibilities in protecting and advancing international environmental law. States must safeguard the environment from all forms of pollution, destruction, and other threats, and refrain from posing threats to the environment of other countries. The constructive cooperation and engagement between the International Court of Justice and states, within the framework of environmental diplomacy and adherence to international commitments, can have a significant role in protecting the environment and advancing international environmental law.

A Literature Review of Collaborative Virtual Environments: Impacts, Design Principles, and Challenges

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the available literature on Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs). It aims to investigate the impacts, guiding principles, and problems of CVEs, giving light to their revolutionary potential in a variety of sectors, such as education, healthcare, and gaming. Background: CVEs have received a lot of interest in recent years because of their potential to change how people interact and cooperate in virtual settings. It has the potential to increase collaboration, learning experiences, and productivity across numerous areas. Methodology: This study comprehensively analyzes existing literature on CVEs, highlighting their ability to significantly change several fields, such as education, healthcare, and gaming. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were followed to ensure a clear and methodical approach to the literature review. The search technique targeted the SCOPUS database for articles published from 2009 to 2022, utilizing specific keywords about CVEs. This was followed by a thorough two-stage screening procedure based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensuring only relevant research was evaluated. Contribution: This literature review contributes by providing a thorough review of the current state of the art in the field of CVEs. It synthesizes previous research and offers insights into the consequences, guiding principles, and problems of CVEs in different domains. Findings: The research results demonstrate the wide range of uses for CVEs and their ability to promote enhanced cooperation, learning, and productivity. Current obstacles have been identified, and a set of guiding principles for implementing CVEs has been provided. A clear and reproducible foundation for future research in this area was found through a detailed explanation of the search approach and criteria used to select studies. The literature review concludes with practical suggestions for practitioners in many fields, emphasizing the need to consider CVEs to improve cooperation and productivity. Recommendations for Practitioners: To improve cooperation and productivity, CVEs should be considered by practitioners in education, healthcare, gaming, and industry. Best practices and recommendations for the successful usage of CVEs in various areas must be established. End-user training and assistance are critical for maximizing the benefits of CVE technology. Recommendation for Researchers: Additional study is required to investigate the long-term consequences and durability of CVE solutions, the creation of new technologies and methods to overcome the stated CVE adoption problems, and multidisciplinary collaboration to harness CVEs in innovative ways. Impact on Society: The review emphasizes CVEs’ potential social benefit in fostering cooperation, improving learning experiences, and increasing productivity. The widespread use of CVE technology may result in more efficient and productive ways of communicating and working in virtual worlds. Future Research: Future studies in this field should concentrate beyond the study’s period (2022), investigating the changing environment of CVEs, examining the effects of developing technologies and trends on CVEs, and evaluating CVE technology’s scalability and accessibility for greater societal usage.

PENGARUH DUKUNGAN TEMAN SEBAYA TERHADAP POLA PIKIR BERWIRAUSAHA PADA PELAKU USAHA MUDA DI KOTA BONTANG

Youth entrepreneurship has a significant impact on productivity, economic growth and the creation of new technologies. Peer support, entrepreneurship education, and self-efficacy have been shown to influence students' entrepreneurial intentions.Social support from family and peer environment is also related to entrepreneurial intention. In addition, research also shows thatpeers have a significant influence on entrepreneurial career choice, even greater than the influence of parents. Therefore, it can be concluded that peer support plays a significant role in the development of an entrepreneurial mindset in young entrepreneurs. Thisshows the importance of paying attention to social environmental factors, such as peer support, in an effort to develop anentrepreneurial spirit in the younger generation.

ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ КАК ВАЖНЫЙ ФОКУС ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СТРАНЫ

This paper examines the impact of artificial intelligence on the modern Russian economy. The active use of artificial intelligence increases efficiency and competitiveness, develops industry markets, stimulates the creation of new technologies, improves product quality and increases production volumes. Artificial intelligence is forming a new driving force contributing to the development of Russia. The article also discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in various sectors of the economy. The high cost of implementing the technology is a major barrier to the use of artificial intelligence. The definition of artificial intelligence in the broadest sense is considered as a set of technologies for processing various types of data and information, in particular, technologies capable of interpreting this data, extracting knowledge and using it to achieve specific goals.

Development and research of technology for obtaining welding wire from aluminum-silicon alloys using rolling-extrusion

The article presents the results of research that make it possible to solve a significant scientific problem associated with the creation of new technologies for processing hard-to-deform aluminum-silicon alloys. For this purpose, tasks were set and solved for the development of technological schemes for obtaining longish products from AlSi12 and AlSi5 alloys using the methods of electromagnetic crystallization ingots of a small cross-section and the manufacture of deformed semi-finished products in the form of rods and wire using the method of combined rolling-extrusion (CRE) and drawing. To solve these problems, the modeling of the CRE process, theoretical and experimental studies were carried out, the results of which made it possible to obtain pilot batches of welding wire from the AlSi12 alloy, the level of properties of which meets the requirements of current standards. To analyze the combined rolling-extrusion, modeling was carried out using the DEFORM 3D software package. Regularities were established for changing the temperature-rate and force parameters of this process along the deformation zone. Since the use of the proposed technological scheme for the combined processing of aluminum-silicon alloys leads to a decrease in labor intensity and production costs, it can be recommended for use in industry to obtain longish products from them.

Robotic technology for Parkinson's disease: Needs, attitudes and concerns of individuals with Parkinson's disease and their family members. A focus group study

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, and its incidence is expected to rise due to the aging of the global population. Individuals with PD present with adverse motor and non-motor symptoms that affect their well-being, quality of life, and relationships with their caregivers. It is thus important to explore new technological interventions, such as social assistive robots (SARs), to support those with PD. This study aimed to understand the needs, expectations, and attitudes of individuals with PD and their family members toward SARs. Six focus groups (n = 46) were held, including three comprised of individuals with PD and three that included family members. Qualitative thematic analysis of the information obtained from these focus groups was applied to the following main themes: (1) Key difficulties of people living with PD; (2) Ideas for assistive technologies for individuals with PD; (3) Perceived advantages of SARs; (4) Suggestions regarding SAR design, operation, and interactive functionality; (5) Concerns regarding the use of SARs; and (6) Attitudes towards SARs. Importantly, we found points of agreement and disagreement between the two population groups based on their perspectives regarding the effects of PD on individuals. This study provides a participatory-design foundation for the creation of new technologies to benefit individuals with PD.