To examine the acute effect of gliclazide on exercise performance and recovery of muscle strength in healthy participants. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial in 44 strength-trained men. They were allocated to gliclazide modified release (MR) (90mg, 8h before exercise sessions) or placebo, undergo three consecutive sessions of strength exercise (four sets, 80% of one-repetition maximum [1-RM] of bench press and free squat exercise). We evaluated total volume-load (VL) (#repetitions x 80%1-RM), range of motion (ROM), insulin and glucose levels, creatine kinase MM (CK-MM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), hemodynamic parameters, perceived muscle soreness and recovery scores. Gliclazide enhanced strength exercise performance with improvements in total VL (bench press 23.3%, p<0.001; squat 23.2%, p<0.001), and improved muscle recovery 24-48h post-exercise: ROM (shoulder 1.1%, p<0.001; knee 1.6%, p=0.004), CK-MM (-13.2%, p<0.001), LDH (-12.8%, p<0.001), TNF-α (-17.4%, p<0.001), IL-6 (-5.3%, p<0.001), muscle soreness (-17.7%, p<0.001) and recovery scores (32.5%, p=0.001). However, hypoglycemia events were observed in 3 participants in the gliclazide group. In conclusion, Gliclazide MR 90mg, 8h before strength exercise, produced ergogenic effects (exercise performance and muscle recovery), although hypoglycemia was observed in 7% of subjects. Registration: "www.clinicaltrials.gov", "NCT04443777" (Primary Completion: 01/08/2020; Study Completion: 31/10/2023).

Sodium cyclamate alters cardiac homeostasis via immunoinflammatory signaling modulation: A multi-biomarkers and in-silico evaluation.

Tachycardia and Positive Amphetamine Screen are Associated With True Positive-Methamphetamine Exposures in Pediatric Patients.

Pimicotinib versus placebo for tenosynovial giant cell tumour (MANEUVER): an international, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

This study aimed to compare acute muscle damage responses of the elbow flexors following eccentric quasi-isometric (EQI) and eccentric (ECC) exercise. Thirty healthy young men were randomly assigned to EQI or ECC (n = 15/group). Participants performed five sets of dumbbell elbow flexion to volitional failure. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), elbow joint range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference (CIR), pressure pain threshold (PPT), plasma creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) were measured before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days post-exercise. Time under tension (TUT) was recorded. TUT was approximately 3.5-fold longer in EQI than ECC. ECC induced greater reductions in MVC (- 30% vs. -15%) and ROM (- 27% vs. -13%), and larger increases in CIR (+ 5% vs. +2%). Peak CK (11,601 ± 9,483 vs. 135.2 ± 33.1 IU/L) and Mb (406.7 ± 271.8 vs. 17.7 ± 6.2 ng/mL) were markedly higher following ECC. Distal PPT was 13-19% lower in ECC. Most variables returned to baseline by day 7 in EQI. Despite longer TUT, EQI induced substantially less acute muscle damage and faster recovery than ECC when both were performed to volitional failure at the same relative external load.

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a critical vascular emergency associated with high risks of mortality and amputation. This study aimed to investigate the 1-year outcomes of Endovascular revascularization (EVR) in patients with ALI. We retrospectively analyzed 304 EVR procedures in 280 patients with ALI between January 2018 and April 2025 in three cardiovascular centers. The primary endpoint was 1-year amputation-free survival (AFS). Secondary endpoints were 1-year clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) and procedural success. The association of baseline characteristics with 1-year AFS was also investigated. The estimated 1-year AFS rate was 65.2%, and freedom from CD-TLR was 83.9%. Procedural success was achieved in 285 (93.8%) cases. Independent predictors of reduced 1-year AFS included frailty (multivariable hazard ratio [mHR] 2.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62-4.61; p < 0.001), hemodialysis (mHR 2.76; 95% CI, 1.55-4.90; p = 0.001), severe ALI (mHR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.03-2.80; p = 0.037), and peak creatine phosphokinase (CPK) > 7000 IU/L (mHR 2.95; 95% CI, 1.80-4.83; p < 0.001). In contrast, preserved flow in one below-the-knee (BTK) artery (mHR 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22-0.91; p = 0.026) or in two or more BTK arteries (mHR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17-0.69; p = 0.003) was independently associated with improved 1-year AFS. EVR may be an acceptable treatment for ALI. Frailty, hemodialysis, severe ALI, and peak CPK > 7000 IU/L are associated with poor prognosis. However, achieving adequate BTK arterial flow after EVR may correlate with improved patient outcomes.

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis with multi-organ involvement and eosinophilia. We present a 61-year-old male with a history of eosinophilic asthma who developed progressive weakness and muscle aches six weeks after his second COVID-19 booster. Four to six weeks post vaccination, he developed myal gias and weakness, especially in proximal muscles, leading to a severe decline in function. Lab results showed leukocytosis (29.54 cells/mm³); 54% eosinophils; and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, and creatine kinase levels at 13 736 u/L. Anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies were positive, while PR-3, C-ANCA, and P-ANCA were negative. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lower extremities showed intramuscular edema. Muscle biopsies confirmed EGPA. Diagnosed per American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/ European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) criteria, he received pulse dose IV methylprednisolone with significant improvement. He was discharged on 60 mg prednisone and started on mepolizumab (300 mg subcutaneous once every 4 weeks). Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis progresses through stages: asthma, eosinophilia with organ involvement, and vasculitis. This case highlights a unique presentation of rapid myositis without significant involvement of any other organs and vasculitis post-mRNA vaccination. While environmental factors may trigger EGPA, the role of COVID-19 vaccines remains hypothesis-generating. This case underscores the importance of post-market surveillance for rare events, contributing to the understanding of vaccine-related rheumatic disease triggers Cite this article as: Memdani A, Busa V, Avula S, Ford A, Nesheiwat J. Unmasking Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case of rapid-onset myositis following COVID-19 booster in an eosinophilic asthma patient. Eur J Rheumatol. 2025, 13(1), 0016, doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2026.25016.

Objectives: The identification of early warning biomarkers and associated molecular mechanisms of sudden cardiac death (SCD) caused by acute coronary syndrome (ACS) through the analysis of peripheral blood plasma extracellular vehicles (EVs) remains a significant gap in current knowledge. We aimed to screen for novel EV metabolic markers and validate their prediction ability thereby providing novel early diagnostic biomarkers for the risk of sudden death due to ACS; based on the premise that EVs mirror cellular metabolic stress, we hypothesized that specific EV metabolic signatures can predict SCD risk in ACS patients.. Methods: In this nested case-control study, plasma EVs from 18 non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS), 21 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 16 ACS-related SCD patients and 41 matched controls were isolated and characterized in accordance with the Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles 2018 guidelines. We performed a combined liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and proteomic analysis of plasma EVs, conducted multi-omics integration for pathway and network analysis, and validated candidate biomarkers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ROC curve analysis and multivariate/univariate statistical methods were applied to evaluate the SCD risk predictive value of the identified markers. Results: We identified 27 differential metabolites associated with the progression of SCD in plasma EVs of ACS patients. The combined analysis suggested that glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle might be key metabolic pathways in SCD. Notably, EV-derived pyruvate and lactic dehydrogenase B (LDHB) levels were significantly elevated in SCD patients compared to controls ( P &lt;0.05), despite no differences in plasma concentrations, suggesting EV-derived pyruvate and LDHB as early biomarker to predict SCD in ACS patients. Integration of EV-derived pyruvate and LDHB with traditional biomarkers (creatine kinase isoenzyme, myoglobin [MYO]) improved SCD risk prediction (area under the curve [AUC] 0.786 for pyruvate + LDHB; AUC 0.9 when combined with creatine kinase isoenzyme), underscoring their potential for enhancing risk stratification. Conclusion: In this nested case-control study of ACS patients, multi-omics profiling of plasma EVs revealed altered distinct metabolic signatures in SCD cases, particularly the LDHB-pyruvate-spermine-spermidine network involoved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. LDHB and pyruvate emerged as co-diagnostic biomarkers, enhancing predictive accuracy for cardiovascular events when combined with clinical indicators.

Revealing the transcriptional profile of fish muscle cells in vitro and in vivo: Insights to improve fish muscle culture.

Myotoxicity is an important and recognized effect of red-bellied black snake envenoming that remains poorly understood but can result in severe illness. Prior observational data have shown that myotoxicity develops less frequently and later than other envenoming effects, including systemic symptoms and anticoagulant coagulopathy, which are likely to coexist in an envenomed victim. Current recommendations for managing snake bite victims in Australia include serial clinical and laboratory assessments for envenoming for at least 12hours post-bite. We report the case of an 18-year-old white male individual with red-bellied black snake envenoming who developed delayed-onset myotoxicity. His symptoms included abdominal pain, vomiting, and generalized myalgias. Myotoxicity occurred after the standard 12-hour post-bite observation period, with serum creatine kinase remaining less than 1000 U/L at 17.5hours post-bite before increasing to a peak of 93,790 U/L at 57hours post-bite. He developed myalgia and myoglobinuria at 22hours post-bite without associated renal impairment. He did not receive antivenom. He was treated with intravenous fluids and was discharged on day 4 with declining creatine kinase levels and made a full recovery. Our case of red-bellied black snake envenoming with delayed-onset myotoxicity was managed successfully without antivenom. Cases of delayed myotoxicity may warrant prolonged observation with supportive care.

HyperCKemia, defined as elevated serum creatine kinase, commonly reflects muscle injury but may also indicate underlying metabolic disease. Metabolic aetiologies, including glycogen storage disorders, fatty acid oxidation defects, mitochondrial cytopathies, and purine metabolism disorders, are clinically important owing to diagnostic complexity, therapeutic implications, and potential reversibility. To summarise current evidence on metabolic causes of hyperCKemia in adults, with emphasis on disorders of carbohydrate, lipid, and purine metabolism and mitochondrial disease. Semi-systematic narrative review of pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and management of metabolic disorders associated with hyperCKemia. Metabolic myopathies often present with nonspecific or exercise-related symptoms, with creatine kinase levels ranging from mild-to-severe elevations. Conditions such as McArdle disease, carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, and mitochondrial cytopathies demonstrate characteristic metabolic vulnerabilities leading to episodic or persistent hyperCKemia. Medications, including statins and antiretrovirals, may precipitate symptoms in predisposed individuals. Diagnosis requires a structured, multidisciplinary approach incorporating biochemical testing, genetic analysis, functional studies, and muscle biopsy. Many causes are amenable to targeted therapy, including dietary modification, endocrine correction, and medication withdrawal. Metabolic causes of hyperCKemia are under-recognised but clinically significant. Early identification allows targeted treatment and prevention of complications.

Background and Objectives: The role of tourniquet use in arthroscopic partial meniscectomy remains debatable. While traditionally adopted to enhance visualization and reduce intraoperative bleeding, concerns were raised regarding its impact on postoperative outcomes and potential adverse effects, such as muscle damage or delayed recovery. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether the use of a tourniquet offers advantages in terms of surgical efficiency, patient recovery and complication rates in arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42025644740). A comprehensive literature search was performed in 5 databases including studies from the past 20 years. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tourniquet-assisted versus non-tourniquet procedures in adolescent and adult patients undergoing isolated arthroscopic partial meniscectomy matched our inclusion criteria and the analysis was performed on those. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Data were synthesized either quantitatively or narratively, depending on the availability of statistical details. Results: Three RCTs with a total of 243 patients met the inclusion criteria. Operative time was shorter in tourniquet-assisted procedures in one study (p = 0.001), though comparable outcomes were achieved in non-tourniquet groups when pharmacological agents such as intra-articular adrenaline were used. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding postoperative pain (p = 0.22, p = 0.43), knee effusion (p = 0.96), range of motion (p = 0.91, p = 0.96), or time to return to functional activities (p = 0.9, p = 0.34, p = 0.23). Muscle damage, assessed by serum creatine phosphokinase CPK levels, did not differ between groups (p = 0.3, p = 0.093, p = 0.079). Intraoperative visibility and surgeon satisfaction rated higher in tourniquet groups (p = 0.002), although this was subjective and reported variably. No major tourniquet-related complications were recorded. Conclusions: The routine use of a tourniquet in arthroscopic partial meniscectomy provides limited intraoperative advantages and does not improve postoperative outcomes. Current evidence supports a selective rather than routine use of tourniquets, especially when pharmacological alternatives are available. Further high-quality studies are needed to define standardized protocols and assess long-term outcomes.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome-associated peripheral neuropathy (pSS-PN) represents a clinically heterogeneous complication linked to significant morbidity. This study aims to characterize its prevalence, clinical phenotypes, predictive factors, and prognosis. In this retrospective cohort study conducted at Shanghai Tongji Hospital, 553 consecutive pSS patients (2002 American-European Consensus Group criteria) were evaluated. After applying the exclusion criteria, 320 eligible patients completed the full assessment protocol and constituted the final analytical cohort. Based on the diagnostic criteria for peripheral neuropathy (PN), 59 patients were diagnosed with pSS-PN, while the remaining 261 were classified as pSS without PN (pSS-nPN). The prevalence of pSS-PN was 18.4% (59/320) in the final cohort. The predominant subtype was distal axonal sensory polyneuropathy (33.9%). Independent predictors included fatigue (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.27-4.06; p = 0.005), Schirmer's test ≤ 2mm/5min (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.62-4.76; p < 0.001), elevated creatine kinase (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.92-7.45; p < 0.001), ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.29-3.64; p = 0.003), and pulmonary involvement (OR 6.46, 95% CI 3.70-11.39; p < 0.001). Early identification and subtyping of pSS-PN are crucial for accurate disease assessment and guiding treatment.

Objective To explore the correlations between serum ‌Transforming Growth Factor Beta Binding Protein 2 (TGF-βbp2) and ‌Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2 (TNFSF2) and the severity of chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients, as well as their predictive value for adverse prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 240 CHF patients who were admitted to a particular hospital between January 2023 and December 2025. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function grades upon admission were used to categorize the patients into three groups: severe (n = 70), moderate (n = 80), and mild (n = 90). FBased on the incidence of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACEs), the patients were split into two groups after the 1-year follow-up: a favorable prognosis group (n = 200) and a poor prognosis group (n = 40). The levels of serum TGF-βbp2, TNFSF2, and myocardial injury markers [cardiac troponin (cTnT), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] and cardiac function indicators [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV)] were compared among the three groups and among patients with different prognoses. The correlations between serum TGF-βbp2, TNFSF2 and myocardial injury markers and cardiac function indicators were analyzed via the Person coefficient. ROC curves were built to examine the predictive value of blood TGF-β bp2 and TNFSF2 for the poor prognosis of CHF patients. Results The blood levels of TGF-βbp2, TNFSF2, cTnT, CK-MB, LDH, LVEDV, and LVESV in the severe group were greater than those in the moderate and mild groups, whereas the LVEF was lower than that in the moderate and mild groups. P &lt; 0.05 meant that each of these differences was statistically significant. The serum levels of TGF-βbp2 and TNFSF2 were positively correlated with cTnT, CK-MB, LDH, LVEDV, and LVESV (r TGF-βbp2 = 0.342, 0.354, 0.341, 0.348, 0.340; r TNFSF2 = 0.359, 0.352, 0.351, 0.357, 0.355; all P &lt; 0.05) and negatively correlated with LVEF (r TGF-βbp2 = -0.258; r TNFSF2 = -0.240; all P &lt; 0.05). TGF-βbp2 and TNFSF2 serum levels were substantially higher in the poor prognosis group compared to the good prognosis group (P &lt; 0.05). The AUCs of serum TGF-βbp2 and TNFSF2 for predicting the poor prognosis of CHF patients were 0.861 and 0.869, respectively, the AUC of the combined prediction of the two was 0.955, with a sensitivity of 90.57% and a specificity of 80.34%. Conclusion Serum TGF-βbp2 and TNFSF2 levels are positively correlated with disease severity in patients with CHF. The combined detection of these levels can achieve early prediction of poor patient prognosis.

Abstract Background and Objectives Muscle‐Eye‐Brain disease (MEB) is a dystroglycanopathy that belongs to the congenital muscular dystrophies. Central nervous system manifestations include congenital brain abnormalities, neurodevelopmental delay, and epilepsy, making it a rare but important cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. This systematic review aims to explore all current literature data regarding clinical and electroencephalographic features of MEB cases with epilepsy. Materials and Methods We conducted a literature review of previously published cases of patients with MEB and epilepsy in the PubMed and Scopus databases in the English language, focusing on seizure semiology and electroencephalographic features. Results We included 52 studies with 80 patients. The clinical spectrum of patients with MEB is broad, including hypotonia at birth, ocular symptoms, delay of motor milestones, and intellectual disability. Serum creatine kinase levels are significantly elevated (median value 1600 IU/L). POMGnT1 mutation is, by far, the most common mutation in MEB patients, reported in 38.8% of cases, followed by GMPPB (10%), FKTN, POMT2, or DPM2 mutations (less than 10%, respectively). Epilepsy is a common feature, with onset usually in the first 6 months of life. Absences are the most common seizure type (58.8% of patients), followed by generalized tonic–clonic (33.8%) and focal seizures (21.3%). Patients present with drug‐resistant epilepsy in approximately one fourth of cases (21.3%). Electroencephalogram (EEG) shows focal or multifocal discharges in approximately half of the cases, with a predominance over frontal or temporal regions. Slow and disorganized EEG background activity is commonly observed in 92.9% of cases. Conclusion Epilepsy is a common feature in MEB patients; its age of onset is usually in the first months of life, and it is often drug‐resistant. It can manifest with all seizure types, with absences being the most common type. EEG shows focal or multifocal discharges with a slow and disorganized EEG background. The POMGnT1 mutation is the most common in MEB patients with epilepsy. A clear understanding of the electroclinical patterns in MEB patients can contribute to improved diagnostic precision and management.

This report describes a female patient in her 60s with an immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM) occurring after semaglutide use. She was found to have progressive dysphagia, dysphonia, proximal muscle weakness and creatine kinase elevation over a 4-month course. Her symptoms were preceded by a single dose of semaglutide. Her work-up revealed features consistent with necrotising myopathy with inflammatory infiltrate on biopsy, and she responded to immunosuppression with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). She gradually improved and successfully returned to her baseline functional status while off immunosuppression for several months and with continued avoidance of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Here, we describe the first reported case of IMNM probably associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist use, with apparent response to a short course of immunosuppression and IVIG.

Bezafibrate (BZF) is effective for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in dogs, but there is limited data on its long-term use. Assess the long-term safety and efficacy of BZF in controlling primary and secondary hypertriglyceridemia in dogs. Fifty-five client-owned dogs with hypertriglyceridemia. Retrospective study. Dogs were treated with BZF once daily at a median initial dosage of 5.5mg/kg (range, 3.6-11.6mg/kg) and classified into 3 groups: primary hypertriglyceridemia (group 1), secondary hypertriglyceridemia without changes in treatment for the underlying condition over time (group 2a) or with changes in treatment for the underlying condition over time (group 2b). Serum triglyceride (TG) concentration, and creatine kinase (CK) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were recorded before treatment (T0) and at subsequent follow-ups (1, 3, 6, 12, and>18months, as available). Treatment response was classified as adequate (TG decreased by ≥50 % T0) or inadequate (TG decreased by <50% T0). All groups showed a significant decrease in TG concentration between baseline (T0) and the last available result (P<.01). No significant differences in the last follow-up TG concentration were observed among the 3 groups (P=.13). The median TG decrease across all groups during the study period was 85%. Adverse gastrointestinal or hepatic effects, possibly attributable to BZF, were observed in 4/55 dogs. Long-term use of BZF proved safe and effective for most dogs with primary and secondary hypertriglyceridemia.

ObjectiveIn the pathogenesis of the post-injury period following nonpenetrating traumatic brain injuries (TBIs; post-TBIs), pathological metabolic changes in the oxidative status are important, as a complete understanding of their interactions can explain the concept of how oxidative metabolic-related differences develop, thereby supporting effective treatment.MethodsThis case-control study included 63 patients (mean age ± SD, 36.19 ± 11.4 years) in the post-TBI group and 32 healthy controls. Participants were tested for creatine kinase, adenosine triphosphate, and adenosine diphosphate levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and for pyruvate and lactate levels using a spectrophotometric method according to standard manufacturer protocols.ResultsThis study found abnormally decreased adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate levels in the general nonpenetrating post-TBI group versus controls. The median total adenosine triphosphate levels were 600.4 ± 46.96 in the general clinical group and 745.7 ± 49.83 mkmol/L in controls (p < 0.0001, t = 13.69, 95% confidence interval: 124.0 to 166.5). The median total adenosine diphosphate levels were 247.6 ± 33.09 in the general clinical group and 273.9 ±31.98 mkmol/L in controls (p = 0.0004, t = 3.734, 95% confidence interval: 12.20 to 40.26). Compared with controls, elevated creatine kinase levels were found in the general clinical group (p < 0.0001, t = 7.030, 95% confidence interval: -39.78 to -22.19). The median total creatine kinase (mean ± SD) levels were 129.6 ± 21.37 in the general clinical group and 98.61 ± 19.74 IU/L in controls. Higher creatine kinase (p < 0.0001, t = 4.779, 95% confidence interval: 13.16 to 32.23) and lower adenosine triphosphate levels (p < 0.001, t = 4.997, 95% confidence interval: -70.74 to -30.31) were found to be more pronounced after brain contusion compared with those following mild TBIs.ConclusionsNonpenetrating post-TBIs showed higher creatine kinase levels associated with lower adenosine triphosphate-adenosine diphosphate levels, indicating oxidative dyshomeostasis at 12-month post-injury follow-ups, which could play a pathogenetic role in post-TBIs progression.

Small-sided games (SSGs) are widely used in basketball, yet the specific recovery demands imposed by different SSG formats remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare acute and short-term physiological and neuromuscular responses following scoring-oriented SSG using baskets (SSGbasket), possession-oriented (SSGpossession), and a control condition with no SSGs conducted (CON). Thirty-six trained basketball players completed all three conditions in a randomized crossover repeated-measures design. Salivary creatine kinase (CK), pressure pain threshold (PPT), visual analogue scale (VAS) soreness, and reactive strength index (RSI) were assessed at baseline, post, 24 h, and 48 h. There were significant condition × time interactions for CK (p < 0.001), PPT (p < 0.001), VAS (p < 0.001), and RSI (p < 0.001). CK increased most in SSGbasket, exceeding SSGpossession and CON at 24 h and 48 h (all p < 0.001). PPT decreased significantly at all post-exercise time points in SSGbasket and SSGpossession compared with CON (all p < 0.01), with SSGbasket showing the lowest values at 24 h (p < 0.001). VAS soreness was substantially higher in SSGbasket vs. the other conditions immediately post, at 24 h, and at 48 h (all p < 0.001). RSI decreased significantly from baseline in all formats (p < 0.001), but impairments were largest and most prolonged after SSGbasket compared with SSGpossession and CON (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, scoring-oriented SSGbasket elicits larger changes in salivary CK, soreness, and neuromuscular function than possession-oriented SSGbasket or the control training day used in this protocol, requiring careful scheduling within the basketball microcycle.

This study examined the effects of vibrating foam rollers (VR) on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), inflammatory response, and athletic performance. Eighteen experienced adult runners (average running experience: 6 years) participated in a crossover study with three recovery interventions: vibrating roller (VR), non-vibrating roller (NVR), and static stretching (SS). DOMS was induced through downhill treadmill running. Each intervention targeted four muscle groups bilaterally (gluteal, anterior/posterior thigh, anterior/posterior calf) for 30 seconds per group using a vibration frequency of 28 Hz for the VR condition. Blood samples were taken at baseline (T0), 24 hours (T24), and 48 hours (T48) post-exercise to assess creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Lower limb flexibility, muscle stiffness, vertical jump performance, and Y-balance test (YBT) were also measured. Eleven participants experienced DOMS and completed studies. No significant interaction effects were observed for any outcome variable. Hamstrings flexibility, YBT scores, and CK levels showed significant time effects, indicating natural recovery over 48 hours. Group differences in CK and YBT remained unchanged over time, indicating no intervention was more effective. In addition, muscle stiffness, jump performance, CRP, and IL-6 levels did not differ between interventions. VR, NVR, and SS produced similar short-term recovery outcomes, with no intervention showing clear superiority. Overall, the changes observed within 48 hours reflected general physiological recovery rather than distinct benefits from any specific intervention.