Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) Fruit Extract on the response of nesfatin-1, Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods: This study utilized 64 adult male Wistar albino rats, aged 8-10 weeks and weighing an average of 195-215 g. Eight groups were randomly selected, each comprising eight rats designated as Control (C), H100, H200, H300; Diabetes Control (DC), DH100, DH200, DH300. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein (vena caudalis) of all individuals on days 0 and 21 of the research. The serum levels of Nesfatin-1, GLP-1 and cTnI were quantified and assessed using the ELISA technique. Result: In diabetic groups, the increase in serum mean nesfatin-1 and cTnI levels was most pronounced in DC groups, while the most significant decrease due to increased HFE supplementation was observed in DR200 groups (p less than 0.01); whereas in diabetic groups, the decrease in serum mean GLP-1 levels was observed in DC group, while the most significant increase due to increased HFE supplementation was detected in DG200 group. As a result, it was concluded that 200 mg/kg RPE administration to healthy and diabetic rats did not cause any side effects. It was concluded that HFE, which has an anti-diabetic effect by regulating the inflammatory response that plays a role in the development of diabetes, decreasing nesfatin-1 levels and increasing GLP-1 levels, may be useful in supporting the impaired pancreatic beta cell function that occurs in diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) fruit extract (HFE) supplementation to experimentally heat stressed broiler drinking water on tibia morphology, biomechanics and mineral levels. 300 one-day-old male broiler were randomly allocated to 6 experimental groups according to 2x3 factorial experimental design with two different ambient temperatures (24 and 35oC) and three different HFE additions (0, 0.2 and 0.4 mL/L). Each experimental group contained five replicates of 10 chicks each. Heat stress (HS) decreased tibia dry weight, length, wet weight, volume, seedor index, cortex thickness, shear force and shear stress and increased dry matter percentage (P<0.05). HS also caused a decrease in tibia Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and K (P<0.05) levels. The addition of HFE to the water of broilers housed under HS didn’t affect the morphological and biomechanical properties of tibia. Ca level of tibia increased with 0.2 mL/L HFE addition and Mg and Zn levels increased with both 0.2 and 0.4 ml/L HFE additions compared to the control (P<0.05), while Fe and Mn levels of tibia decreased with 0.2 mL/L HFE addition and K level decreased with both levels of HFE addition compared to the control (P<0.05). On the other hand, tibia Cu level decreased with 0.2 mL/L HFE addition and increased with 0.4 mL/L HFE addition. It was concluded that the addition of 0.2 mL/L HFE to the water of broilers exposed to high ambient temperature would be sufficient and recommendable to improve bone quality characteristics.

Hawthorn extract has been used for ameliorating cardiac disorders and pulmonary hypertension. The main chemical constituents of hawthorn flavonoid extract (HFE) include flavonoids (1-2%), oligomeric proanthocyanidins (1-3%), and other bioactive components (e.g., triterpene acids, organic acids, sterols, and cardioactive amines). These compounds are reported to have many pharmacological effects, including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and nephroprotective effects. This study was aimed the analysis Crataegus oxyacantha based on a bioinformatic study and toxicity test on the chicken embryo. This method consisted of analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Crataegus oxyacantha Protein, Epitope and Allergen Proteins, Crataegus oxyacantha Proteins that were antigens and toxins and toxicity test on the chicken embryo. The results of research conducted on 3 three-dimensional structures of Crataegus oxyacantha protein, GQME value and QmeanDisCo value. In addition, this study also obtained the results of proteins that are epitope, antigenic, non-allergenic and non-toxic and toxicity test on the chicken embryo was 250 ng/egg..Morphological description of the embryo on the 21st day after injection, at a concentration of 250 ng of Crataegus oxyacantha /egg product, an abnormal embryological picture was obtained. Chicken Embryo Weight and Body Length Measurements were carried out in chicken embryos. Need research for other species of plant.

ABSTRACTSecondary metabolites are important bioactive compounds for diet and medicine. This study optimizes the extraction of hydroethanolic herbal extracts using an EDGE (Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction) system, evaluates their antioxidant capacity, and analyzes correlations among antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and individual compounds. A Doehlert matrix design was used to optimize extraction, having temperature and time as independent variables, and total phenolic content (mg GAE/g) as the response, quantified via the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Response surface methodology and analysis of variance validated the model. Extracts were characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector, and antioxidant capacity was assessed using three different assays. Correlation analysis explored potential synergistic effects. Optimal extraction conditions (40% ethanol, 60% water, 165.82°C, 6.03 min) yielded a significant model (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.99). The mean total phenolic content was 69.18 mg GAE/g (SD = 0.73%). Chromatographic analysis confirmed phenolic acids, highlighting rutin in Crataegus oxyacantha and theophylline in Sorocea bonplandii. Antioxidant assays indicated a strong presence of active compounds, and correlation analysis suggested synergistic effects among constituents. The optimized extraction method effectively enhanced phenolic compound yield and antioxidant properties. The findings highlight potential synergistic interactions among phenolic constituents, contributing to the functional properties of the herbal extracts.

More than fifteen years ago, Bulaestian /мала|йеш/ 'hawthorh, Crataegus laevigata' was introduced into scientific circulation. This phytonym is a non-trivial Romanianism in the dialect of the Bulaestian Ukrainians. Despite its non-triviality, however, over the past time this Romanianism has not become the subject of a special scientific examination, which would allow us to clarify both the conditions of its appearance in the dialect of the Bulaestian Ukrainians, and, in fact, its original Romanian source. This is what makes this study, as it seems, very relevant. Thus, the purpose of the article is to analyze in detail the context of the emergence of the Bulaestian Romanianism /мала|еш/ 'hawthorn, Crataegus laevigata', and to establish both its original Romanian source and the circumstances of the formation of this phytonym in Romanian language, and its subsequent borrowing by the Bulaestian dialect. Thus, Bulaestian /мала|йеш/ 'hawthorn, Crataegus laevigata' is formed from Romanian mălai 'millet, Panicum miliaceum', using the Romanian diminutive suffix -eș. However, when referring to the actual Romanian data, the original Romanian phytonym, the source for Bulaestian /мала|йеш/ could not be found. The main term denoting hawthorn in Romanian is păducel. In Ukrainian dialects, a direct analogy to Bulaestian /мала|йеш/ is also not found. However, in some Bukovinian dialects (specifically: Zastavna, Kitsmani, Storozhinets, Novoselytsia), the phytonyms малай, малаец, малайок are known, and precisely with the meaning 'hawthorn, Crataegus oxyacantha l.'. Also, in four villages in the area of the Central Podolian dialects, the phytonyms кашка-малашка, мамаличка 'hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna Jacq.' are recorded. The phytonyms кашка-малашка, мамаличка 'hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna Jacq.', despite their obvious inequality to both Bulaestian /мала|йеш/ 'hawthorn' and the Bukovinian малай, малаец, малайок 'hawthorn', are nevertheless also obviously etymologically related to the Romanian mălai. Thus, we have a specific Bulaestian-Bukovinian parallel, absent even in the Hutsul dialects (also closely related to the Bulaestian dialect). And some facts allow us to assume that both the appearance of the Bulaestian /мала|йеш/ 'hawthorn' and the emergence of the Bukovinian малай, малаец, малайок 'hawthorn' were part of a common episode in the history of the Bulaestian Ukrainians and speakers of the Bukovinian dialects, and were associated with Bukovina. First of all, this includes the fact that the semantics of the main Romanian name for hawthorn, păducél, is accompanied in the Romanian folk tradition by significant negative connotations. Which, in all likelihood, should have prevented the transfer of the meaning of mălai to hawthorn. Indeed, the etymology of the Romanian name for hawthorn, păducél, is associated with the Latin (and Romanian) word meaning 'louse'. Moreover, in the Romanian folk tradition there is a widespread belief that whoever eats hawthorn fruits will be filled with lice. Moldova is included in the zone where the phytonym păducél is used as the name of hawthorn. That is, accordingly, in the zone of distribution in the popular consciousness of negative connotations associated with this phytonym. Accordingly, in all likelihood, the transfer of the name of millet to hawthorn was possible only in some, fairly narrowly localized zones of the Romanian linguistic space, where the attitude to hawthorn was different, and just as positive as to millet. And these, in all likelihood, were just some mountainous zones of the Carpathians, where hawthorn, in conditions unsuitable for agriculture, could be actively used in food as at least a partial substitute for cereals. In this regard, it is noteworthy that it is the Ukrainian Carpathian region (including Bukovina) that is included in the area of such a species of hawthorn as 'Ukrainian hawthorn, Crataegus ucrainica'. Its fruits, 11-13 mm in diameter, are almost twice as large as the fruits of the common hawthorn, Crataegus laevigata (7-10 mm in diameter). Which, obviously, significantly increased its food appeal in the eyes of people of traditional cultures. Based on the facts presented, it seems more likely that Bulaestian /mala|yesh/ 'hawthorn, Crataegus laevigata' arose precisely in the Bukovinian period of the history of the Bulaestian Ukrainians, in the region of Bukovina, and, in all likelihood, as a result of interaction with the same group of the Romanian population.

The aging process results in a gradual decline in brain function, characterized by heightened hippocampal atrophy and dysfunction. Physical activity can enhance cognitive skills in elderly individuals and is significant in the prevention of neurodegenerative illnesses. Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) is a fruit-bearing shrub with a longstanding history as a medicinal agent. Currently, hawthorn is predominantly utilized for a range of pathological diseases. This research is designed to assess the neuroprotective impacts of exercise and hawthorn, both individually and together, on the hippocampus in the context of aging. Thirty male rats (24 old and six young) were allocated to six groups. In exercise groups, the animals underwent six weeks of treadmill exercise. Also, the treated rats with hawthorn extract received 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The open field and shuttle box tests were utilized to evaluate behavioral performance. Related kits measured the levels of MDA, SOD, and TNFα in the hippocampus. The western blotting method evaluated the protein expression of NFκB, COX2, and iNOS in the hippocampus. Also, the H&E, nissle, congo red, and tunnel stainings were utilized to investigate the hippocampus histology changes. Our results showed that following aging, the passive avoidance memory was impaired. Also, aging causes an increased level of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as apoptosis and degeneration in the hippocampus tissue. However, HIIT and hawthorn extract could reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Also, the aging-induced histological changes were improved via HIIT and hawthorn extract administration.In conclusion, our findings revealed that six weeks of exercise and hawthorn extract can have neuroprotective effects following aging.

The cardiovascular sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium (Ca2+) ATPase is an imperative determinant of cardiac functionality. In addition, anomalies in Ca2+ handling protein and atypical energy metabolism are inherent in heart failure (HF). Moreover, Ca2+ overload in SR leads to mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ overload, which can trigger the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), culminating in the triggering of the Permeability Transition Pore (PTP) and Cytochrome C release, resulting in apoptosis that leads to arrhythmias and numerous disorders. Although proteins involved in the molecular mechanism of Ca2+ dysfunction regarding mitochondrial dysfunction remains elusive, this study aims to assess the major Ca2+ handling proteins which may be involved in the Ca2+ malfunction that causes mitochondrial dysfunction and predicting the most effective drug by targeting the analyzed Ca2+ handling proteins through various insilico analyses. Thirteen proteins absorbed from interaction analysis were docked with four optimal phytochemicals from Crataegus oxyacantha (COC). Furthermore, The ADME profile of tyramine, vitexin, Epicatechin, and Epicatechin gallate was acclimated to evaluate potential drugability utilizing QikProp. So, molecular docking evaluations were performed using Glide (Maestro), autodock, and vina. Based on the results of 156 dockings by Maestro, auto-dock, and auto-dock vina, PKAC-a with Epicatechin gallate exhibits good interaction. Therefore, a 2000 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was utilized to assess the feasible phytochemical Epicatechin gallate - PKAC-a complex binding stability utilizing Desmond and this study confirmed that Epicatechin gallate from COC has high possibilities to inhibit the aberrant cardiac Ca2+ signaling proteins due to its conformational rigidity.

Atherosclerosis (ASC) is characterized by foam cell-mediated plaque formation, vascular endothelial inflammation, and lipidosis and is the rudimentary cause of cardiovascular diseases. This is the pre-eminent global factor of mortality. This etiological paradigm is significantly influenced by several proteins, where 23 pivotal proteins involved in ASC were meticulously gleaned on the basis of literature studies. The crux of the present study was aimed to probe the drugability of four active phytochemicals from Crataegus oxyacantha (COC): epicatechin, gallate, tyramine, and vitexin against the selected 23 proteins. The molecular docking analysis was judiciously administered via Glide, the binding free energy was calculated in detail utilizing the prime molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) module, and a deeper comprehensive investigation of protein-ligand dynamic associations was elucidated through Desmond. Drawing from the upper echelons of our docking results, the molecular dynamics simulation outcomes revealed that the macrophage migration inhibitory factor and prethrombin-1 showed persistent binding nature with gallate. The bioactive compound known as gallate sourced from COC shows the best molecular association with pivotal proteins involved in ASC and has a promising therapeutic potential for drug development endeavors.

Background/Objectives: Products from various parts of Crataegus species are traditionally applied as a cardiotonic. In Europe and the USA, mainly Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Lindm.) and Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC (synonym Crataegus oxyacantha L.) are used, but worldwide, other Crataegus species are also used. Phytotherapeutic preparations with a standardised content of flavonoids and/or oligomeric procyanidins are commercially available. The products are generally considered as safe and are at most associated with minor and atypical adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to critically assess the information about the safety of Crataegus-containing products in humans. Methods: A scoping review of the literature about adverse reactions associated with Crataegus-containing products was performed. Next, individual case safety reports (ICSRs) were assessed, which were included in VigiBase (the World Health Organisation's global database of adverse event reports for medicines and vaccines) and in the database of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. The findings are discussed in relation to the literature. Results: The scoping review yielded 23 clinical studies with single-herb and 14 with multi-herb preparations, from which only a few minor gastrointestinal and cardiac events had been reported. A total of 1527 reports from VigiBase, from 1970 to 2023, were analysed, as well as 13 reports from Lareb. The most frequently reported adverse reactions belonged to the system organ classes 'gastrointestinal disorders', 'skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders', 'general disorders and administration site conditions', 'cardiac disorders' or 'nervous system disorders'. In 277 reports of VigiBase, a single-herb product was the only suspect for causing the adverse reaction(s). Of these, 12.6% were graded as serious. Conclusions: The results of our study provide deeper insight in the adverse reaction profile of Crataegus-containing products and should contribute to their safe application in the treatment of less severe forms of cardiac failure.

Effect of crataegus oxyacantha on high blood pressure: A randomized single-blind controlled trial

Abstract Advancements in new treatment methods are becoming increasingly necessary due to a longer life expectancy, particularly in the field of osteochondral tissue engineering. In the present study, osteochondral tissue scaffolds with/without the addition of hawthorn or elderberry extracts were fabricated. Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) cross‐linked carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel scaffold matrix was used as a control group. The addition of the plant extracts resulted in open porous structures with pore sizes around 100–450 μm and elastic modulus between 0.5 and 0.7 MPa, biomimicking the osteochondral tissue. Scaffolds containing either plant extract showed a high swelling tendency (1500–1750%) and a delayed release of the extracts after a week. Furthermore, the weight loss of the scaffolds after an enzymatic degradation for 56 days was ~30%. In addition, in vitro biocompatibility analyses were performed using bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells confirming non‐cytotoxicity for all the scaffold types. Biochemical assessment of alkaline phosphatase activity and glycosaminoglycan content yielded results consistent with osteochondral scaffold requirements. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the plant extract addition, especially elderberry, increased collagen type I and type II formation. As a result, the addition of both hawthorn and elderberry extracts is a promising approach to osteochondral tissue regeneration.

One of the main problems in the poultry industry is excess body fat, and the anti-fat effect of Cratagus extract has been confirmed in several studies. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of hawthorn extract (Crataegus oxyacantha) on growth performance, haematological variables and hepatic gene expression in broiler chickens reared at high altitude (2100m). A total of 225-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into three treatments. Experimental treatments were prepared by adding 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4mL of hawthorn extract per litre of consumption of water. The results showed that weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved and abdominal fat decreased by consumption of two levels of Crateagus extract when compared to the control (p<0.05). Consumption of hawthorn extract decreased circulatory levels of malondialdehyde, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol but increased ferric reducing antioxidant power and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (p<0.05). Hawthorn extract caused an up-regulation of catalase, superoxide dismutase1, glutathione peroxidase1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha but reduced the expression of key lipogenic enzymes (p<0.05). Overall, consumption of 0.4mL hawthorn extract per litre of drinking water, improved growth performance, suppressed lipogenesis and enhanced antioxidant response.

In recent years, people have had more expectations from the developed technology in medicine, especially in the field of orthopedics and traumatology. Tissue engineers are interested in techniques that benefit from patients’ cells and biomaterials, instead of prostheses and implants. On the other hand, researchers have begun to use various medicinal plants for regeneration and anti-cancer studies. In the present study, we aimed to produce cartilage and bone inductive scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering applications with the addition of hawthorn or elderberry extracts. Firstly, wet electro-spun poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) fibers were integrated with a loofah mat. Then, they were impregnated into chitosan solution with/without hawthorn or elderberry extract. Composite hydrogel scaffolds were obtained by cross-linking with 0.3% (w/v) genipin. Fabricated scaffolds had more than 90% porosity and showed swelling capacity in the range of 1500–2200%. Based on the in vitro biocompatibility analyses using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), all the fabricated scaffolds were found to be biocompatible by WST-1, ALP activity, and GAG content analysis. Also, histological/immunohistochemical analyses showed that hawthorn and elderberry extract addition increased MSCs proliferation and collagen type I and II positivity. Consequently, all the scaffolds showed promising features for osteochondral tissue engineering applications.Graphical abstract

Although the two drugs currently available for the treatment of Chagas disease, Benznidazole and Nifurtimox, have proven to be effective in the acute phase of the disease, the 60-90-day treatment leads to high toxicity and unwanted side effects, presenting, in addition, a low efficacy in the chronic phase of the disease. For this reason, new therapies that are more effective are needed. In this regard, we have recently shown that the inhibition of the Epac-Rap1b pathway suppressed the cAMP-mediated host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi. Interestingly, it has been described that vitexin, a natural flavone that protects against ischemia-reperfusion damage, acts by inhibiting the expression of Epac and Rap1 proteins. Vitexin can be found in plants of the genus Crataegus spp., traditionally known as hawthorn, which are of great interest considering their highly documented use as cardio-protectors. Pre-treating cells with an extract of Crataegus oxyacantha produced levels of T. cruzi invasion comparable to the ones observed for the commercially available Epac1-specific inhibitor, ESI-09. In addition, extract-treated cells exhibited a decrease in the activation of Rap1b, suggesting that the effects of the extract would be mediated by the inhibition of the cAMP-Epac-Rap1 signaling pathway. Using HPLC-HRMS2, we could confirm the presence of vitexin, and other flavones that could act as inhibitors of Epac/Rap1b, in the extracts of C. oxyacantha. Most significantly, when cells were treated with the extract of C. oxyacantha in conjunction with Nifurtimox, an increased modulation of invasion was observed.

Catalytic, Antioxidant, and Antifungal Applications of ZnO Nanoparticles: Facile Green Synthesis by Crataegus oxyacantha Leaf Aqueous Extract

Background: The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress (HS) and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) fruit extract (HFE) on performance, carcass characteristics and serum parameters in broiler chickens. Methods: Experimental treatments included two different ambient temperatures (24°C: thermoneutral conditions, or 35°C: HS conditions) and three different HFE (0, 0.2 and 0.4 ml/L) in a 2´3 factorial arrangement. A total of 300 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted 1 of 6 treatments with five replicates. A total of 300 1-day old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 6 groups with five replications of 10 birds each. HFE supplementation had no effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and visceral weight in stressed groups (P greater than 0.05). It was also determined that it has a lowering effect on serum malondialdehyde (MDA), free fatty acid (FFA), triacylglyceride (TAG), total lipid (TL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) (P less than 0.05), but it has no effect on other parameters (P greater than 0.05). Result: As a result, it is thought that the addition of HFE to the drinking water of broiler chickens exposed to HS has no effect on the performance characteristics, HFE has a hypolipidemic effect and would be beneficial in order to strengthen the immune system.

Crataegus oxyacantha is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transplacental genotoxicity effect of aqueous (AE) and hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of leaves C. oxyacantha in a rat model and the quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Three different doses of the AE and HE of the C. oxyacantha leaf were administered orally (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) to Wistar rats during 5 days through the pregnancy term (16-21 days), and sampling in rats occurred every 24 h during the last 6 days of gestation, while only one sample was taken in neonates at birth. A sample of the mother's and the neonate's liver was taken for the determination of MDA. The results show that, at the hepatic level, the evaluated doses of extracts C. oxyacantha in pregnant rats and their pups did not show cytotoxicity. However, the AE and HE generated cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in the short term. On the other hand, only the AE showed a teratogenic effect. Based on these results, the AE and HE of the C. oxyacantha leaf should not be administered during pregnancy.

The synthesis of collagen and its turnover remained as critical determinants for the progression of atherosclerosis. During this condition, proteases secreted by SMCs and foam cells in the necrotic core degrade collagen. Growing evidences demonstrated that consumption of antioxidant rich diet is highly associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) have been proved to possess promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activity, based on our previous studies. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of OPC isolated from Crataegus oxyacantha berries as a natural collagen crosslinker and anti-atherogenic agent. Spectral studies like FTIR, ultraviolet and circular dichroism analysis confirmed the in vitro crosslinking ability of OPC with rat tail collagen when compared to the standard epigallocatechin gallate. The administration of cholesterol:cholic acid (CC) diet induces proteases-mediated collagen degradation that could result in plaque instability. Further, the CC diet fed rats showed significantly increased levels of total cholesterol and triacylglycerols which, in turn, increases the activities of collagen degrading proteases-MMPs (MMP 1, 2 and 9) and Cathepsin S and D. Upon OPC treatment, marked reduction in the lipid content, activation of proteases with concomitant increase in the mRNA levels of collagen Type I and Type III as similar to atorvastatin treatment were observed .Thus, OPC supplementation may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque instability by acting as a natural crosslinker of collagen.

Haw thorn is widely used Chinese herb for treatment of gastrointestinal ailments and heart problems. Hyperlipidemia is a life threatening condition which leads to coronary artery disease if treatment is not started earlier. In allopathic system statins are the most important drug used in case of hyperlipidemia and there are known side effects for the drug. There are only few studies available in the past about the success of homoeopathic medicines in treating patients suffering from hyperlipidemia. Therefore an observational study was conducted with an objective to ascertain the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine Crataegus oxyacantha in the management of hyperlipidaemia.Methods: An observational study was conducted at OP and IP departments of Govt Homoeopathic medical college, Thiruvananthapuram. Thirty cases suffering from hyperlipidemia that followed up for 1 year were assessed using lipid profile values.Results and Discussion: The highest number of cases were in the age group 51-55, with maximum incidence in females. Out of 30 cases studies 23 patients shows significant improvement in total cholesterol values, 26 patients shows significant improvement in triglycerides values, 22 patients shows significant improvement in LDL value, 26 patients shows significant improvement in HDL value. In the present study bad cholesterol levels were found to be decreased along with that there is improvement in good cholesterol values. The wellbeing level of the patient is good after treatment with medicine Crataegus. By using the paired t test, the calculated t value of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HD Land LDL were found to be greater than the table value ie, p

At present, many experiments provide support for the cardiovascular protective effect of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) flower, leaf and fruit extracts. The aim of this study was to investigate the intervention mechanism of hawthorn fruit extract on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and its effect on their lipid metabolic pattern. After SHR was intervened by hawthorn extract (1.08 g/kg/d) for 6 weeks, the blood pressure and liver histopathology of rats were evaluated. An UHPLC-Q Extractive metabolomics approach was used to collect information on rat liver lipid metabolites, combined with multivariate data analysis to identify significantly different substances and potential biomarkers through mass spectrometry and database searches. Histomorphology of the liver was partially restored in the hawthorn-treated group. Hawthorn extract interferes with sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycerolipids metabolism, improving partially disturbed metabolic pathways. This study showed that hawthorn could partially restore liver histomorphology and has anti-hypertensive effect by regulating lipid metabolism.