Crambe Research Articles

Desempenho, consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes em cordeiros alimentados com níveis crescentes de farelo de crambe

Objetivou-se avaliar níveis crescentes de substituição (0, 25, 50, 75%MS) da proteína bruta do concentrado pela proteína bruta do farelo de crambe. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros machos, peso vivo médio inicial de 17,50±3,90 kg distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Todos os ingredientes da dieta, sobras e fezes foram submetidos às análises bromatológicas. Foi realizado ensaio de digestibilidade dos animais. Foi realizada coleta spot de urina para a determinação dos derivados de purina, eficiência de síntese microbiana nitrogênio ureico urinário e coleta de sangue para determinação de nitrogênio uréico sérico e para mensuração das enzimas hepáticas alanina aminotrasferase e aspartano aminotrasferase. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e estudo de regressão ao nível de significância de 5%. Não houve efeito significativo para ganho médio diário, eficiência alimentar e conversão alimentar. Houve efeito significativo linear decrescente para o consumo em kg.dia-1 de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e carboidratos não fibrosos corrigidos para cinzas e proteína. Não houve efeito da inclusão do farelo de crambe na dieta sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Verificou-se efeito linear crescente nos parâmetros de avaliação de eficiência de síntese microbiana, fluxo de compostos nitrogenados microbianos, fluxo intestinal relativo de nitrogênio microbiano. Contudo não houve efeito em relação às enzimas hepáticas. Pode-se concluir que o farelo de crambe oriundo da produção de biodiesel pode ser utilizado como alimento alternativo proteico podendo substituir em até 75% da proteína bruta do concentrado sem comprometer o desempenho animal.

Storage of Crambe abyssinica Hoechst seeds after drying at different temperatures

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of crambe seeds, cultivar FMS Brilhante, after drying at different temperatures and submitted to storage. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications. After harvesting, the seeds were processed and then were subjected to drying at different temperatures (natural and artificial air at 30, 45 and 60 ° C), until they reached 10% of water content. The seeds were packed in paper packaging and stored, for 12 months, in an air-conditioned room with an average temperature of 20 oC and relative humidity close to 55%. At the beginning of storage and every 120 days, the degree of humidity, germination and vigor (first germination count, seedling emergence and electrical conductivity of the seeds) were determined. The crambe seeds cultivar FMS Brilhante showed postharvest dormancy, being exceeded during storage. Artificial drying at 30 and 45 ° C does not affect the physiological performance of the seeds during storage. Drying at 60 oC is detrimental to the quality of crambe seeds, regardless of the storage period. The physiological performance of the seeds decreases after eight months of storage.

Nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with free phytosterols for food applications

The objective of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) with free phytosterols (FP) using conventional fats and oils. Lipid matrices (LMs) and NLCs were produced with high oleic sunflower oil, fully hydrogenated canola (CA) and crambe (CR) oils by high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The NLCs were evaluated for hydrodynamic diameter (Z-ave), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). The melting behavior and polymorphism were investigated for both, the LMs and NLCs. The NLCs presented particle sizes ranging from 148.23 to 342.10 nm, PDI from 0.275 to 0.481, and ZP between −22.27 and −29.70 mV. The NLCs presented higher thermal resistance than that of the LMs. The use of CA and CR separately in the NLC formulations favored the incorporation of FP. The LMs and NLCs presented crystals in β-form and in mixtures of β′ and β forms. The developed NLCs can be used for food enrichment, such as spreads, margarine, and beverages.

Новый межвидовой гибрид Crambe L. (Cruciferae) из Северо-Западного Закавказья

Новый межвидовой гибрид Crambe L. (Cruciferae) из Северо-Западного Закавказья

Hard fats improve technological properties of palm oil for applications in fat-based products

Palm oil is widely used in food industry. In many applications, palm oil is hindered by its slow crystallization rate and post-processing formation of large clusters of crystals. In order to overcome these drawbacks, addition of fully hydrogenated vegetable oils, known as hard fats, to palm oil is here proposed. Hard fats can behave as modifiers in the crystallization process due to their homogeneous triacylglycerol profiles. Hard fats from five different vegetable oils were added to palm oil, at the concentration of 1, 3, and 5 g/100 g of blend: palm kernel (PKO), palm (PO), cottonseed (CO), soybean (SO), and crambe (CR). An increase in the solid fat content and critical microstructure alterations affected positively the consistency and could be related to the small changes in the triacylglycerol composition, more precisely to the concentration of acyl groups present and their solubility in the liquid oil. Blends with PKO showed no appreciable improvements. Otherwise, addition of PO, CO, SO, and CR resulted in a significant effect on the rate of crystallization, and leading to a higher hardness and increase of the thermal resistance of palm oil intended for applications in fat-based products.

Características fisiológicas de Crambe abyssinica sob aplicação de herbicidas

The cultivation of Crambe abyssinica is relatively recent in Brazil, and crop management data aiming to high yields with minimal economic and environmental risk is scarce. We aimed with this study to evaluate the effect of herbicides at varying doses on physiological traits. The experiment was installed in completely randomized blocks design with four replications, in factorial scheme 5x4+1, being factor A the five herbicides and factor B its doses, plus a control treatment with no herbicide. The following herbicides and doses were tested: fluazifop-p-butyl 0,25; 0,75; 1,0 e 1,5 L ha-1; clethodim 0,1; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,6 L ha-1; bentazon+imazamox 0,25; 0,75; 1,0 e 1,5 L ha-1; s-metolachlor 0,38; 1,13; 1,5 e 2,25 L ha-1; and sethoxydim 0,25; 0,75; 1,0 e 1,5 L ha-1. Crop plants presented differential behaviour to herbicides, causing all crop injuries at some degree; bentazon+imazamox promoted plant death at the label dose. Fluazifop-p-butyl, s-metolachlor and sethoxydim promoted great reductions in photosynthesis rate at the highest doses; on the other hand, water use efficiency was reduced by all herbicides.

Seed treatment influence with Carboxin+Thiram to initial development of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hoechst) in two crop years.

Crambe abyssinica Hoechst, from Brassicaceae family, is a promising plant for the biofuel production field. However for being a worldwide successful culture, it is necessary to be able to yield optimize, so it is interesting to be guaranteed of a good quality seeds and technologies use such as seed treatment, to achieved a good crop establishment in the early phase plant development. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the initial development of the crambe, treated seed with fungicide Carboxin + Thiram (Vitavax, Du Pont) in two growing seasons. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment, at Maringa State University, Umuarama campus, at Parana State, Brazil. Delineation was completely randomized with two treatments and ten repetitions. It can be concluded that, the treatment can disrupt the initial plant development, in both years. Key words: Crambe abyssinica, seed treatment, fungicide.

Polyvariant architectural model of Crambe koktebelica ( Junge) N. Busch shoot system

The article is devoted to integrated biomorphological study on Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch. Different variants of ontogenesis and basic architectural model were ascertained by for this rare species. Influence of milieu conditions on shoot system structure of the species individuals was shown.

Alkaloids and other low-molecular-weight metabolites from Crambe kotschyana

Alkaloids and other low-molecular-weight metabolites from Crambe kotschyana

Abhasa-Bhasa

Ecce iterum Crispinus! The readers of this Bulletin are doubtless as weary of the dis crambe repetita of the Bhāsa-controversy as I am, and I must crave their indulgence for returning to it in reply to Professor Keith's remarks in Vol. III, p. 295 ff.

Harmonic Maxims of Science and Religion. By the RevW. Baker, M.A., Vicar of Crambe, near York. 8vo. 1864. Longman & Co. London. - Notes upon the Errors of Geology. Illustrated by Facts observed in Ireland. By John Kelly, V.P. Roy. Geol. Soc. of Ireland. 8vo. 1864. Longman & Co. London.

Harmonic Maxims of Science and Religion. By the RevW. Baker, M.A., Vicar of Crambe, near York. 8vo. 1864. Longman & Co. London. - Notes upon the Errors of Geology. Illustrated by Facts observed in Ireland. By John Kelly, V.P. Roy. Geol. Soc. of Ireland. 8vo. 1864. Longman & Co. London.