Crab Scylla Serrata Research Articles

ABSTRACT Mariculture holds significant promise for enhancing food security, blue economy development and climate‐resilient livelihoods along Kenya's 640 km coastline. This review synthesises over two decades of empirical and grey literature to examine the current status, production trends, challenges and future prospects of commercially cultured mariculture species in Kenya. The review focuses on key species including milkfish ( Chanos chanos ), rabbitfish ( Siganus sutor ), seaweed ( Eucheuma spp.), mud crab ( Scylla serrata ), prawns ( Penaeus spp.), oysters ( Saccostrea cucullata ), Artemia franciscana and sea cucumbers ( Holothuria scabra ). Despite a favourable marine environment and policy recognition, the sector remains underdeveloped, with total production in 2023 reaching only 112 metric tons. Major constraints include limited hatchery capacity, weak technical knowledge, policy and regulatory fragmentation, infrastructural gaps and fragile market linkages. Nonetheless, emerging opportunities are evident: seaweed farming has shown rapid expansion with high female participation; integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) offers ecological and economic efficiencies; and strategic investments such as the National Mariculture Resource and Training (NAMARET) Center promise to improve seed and training access. The review identifies the potential for upscaling finfish and shellfish farming, diversifying species portfolios and strengthening mariculture value chains through policy alignment, climate adaptation and blue economy integration. Addressing key constraints through targeted investment, inclusive community participation, and sustainable technologies will be critical to unlocking the sector's growth. This synthesis provides a foundation for policymakers, researchers and stakeholders to develop resilient, inclusive and market‐oriented mariculture systems in coastal Kenya.

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) as one of the crustacean species, has a variety of bioactive compounds that can be utilized in the field of pharmacology. Antioxidant compounds act as therapeutic agents against degenerative diseases. Banyuasin waters have mangrove vegetation with associated marine organisms that have the potential to be studied for bioactive compounds. This study aims to identify the phytochemical profile quantitatively and qualitatively, samples were collected from mud flats near mangrove ecosystems in Banyuasin waters, South Sumatra. Samples were tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH test, and IC50 values, qualitative phytochemical identification, and phytochemical profiles were calculated using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Based on the results of antioxidant testing, the IC50 value of S. serrata extract is 2.25 ppm, the sample is included in the category of very strong antioxidants. Phytochemical test results showed that the compound is thought to contain antioxidant activity from flavonoids and triterpenoids. GC-MS analysis detected major compound groups of alkaloids, purines, and vitamins. Minor compound groups detected amines, terpenoids, monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, silanes, formamides, heterocycles, carboxylic acids, aminoglycosides, naphthalene derivatives, nitriles, amides, glycosides, and peptides. S. serrata extract shows very strong antioxidant activity, with major compounds such as alkaloids, purines, and vitamins. S. serrata extract detected compounds that have been reported as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiviral. These findings highlight the pharmaceutical potential of S. serrata as a source of bioactive compounds. The results of this study provide valuable information for the development of alternative medicines derived from marine organisms.

Effective management of Mud crab Reovirus (MCRV) infection in mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775) culture, using an individual compartmentalized system.

IntroductionPesticides can be transported into estuaries via spray drift, ground water contamination and surface runoff. Increasing climatic variability and global pesticide use are likely to increase the exposure of harvested estuarine species, and therefore seafood consumers, to agrichemicals. Post-harvest processing strategies present opportunities to reduce pesticide residues in seafood and so mitigate consumer exposure.Materials and methodsWe evaluated the efficacies of thermal processing (cooking) and depuration (holding individuals in clean flow-through seawater) for reducing pesticide residues in wild-caught giant mud crab (Scylla serrata) edible tissues (flesh and brown meat (i.e. hepatopancreas and gonads)). Pesticide residues were detected in 82% of assessed crabs, with five analytes quantified (cyprodinil, diuron, imidacloprid, propargite and triazophos).ResultsCorrelative analyses revealed cooking at ~82°C for 2 min 100-g–1 body mass reduced all pesticide concentrations (and the total residues) in both tissues by 7–99%—except for cyprodinil (51% increase). Imidacloprid residues in crab flesh were reduced (by 81%) after six days of depuration, with complete elimination after 12 days. While a human health-risk assessment identified that the concentrations of pesticide residues in crab tissues posed no negative health effects to seafood consumers, the data support post-harvest processing methods for mitigating consumer exposure.DiscussionThese findings do not constitute health advice regarding post-harvest possessing methods for reducing contaminants in seafood, but rather highlight the potential utility of the methods assessed for achieving this objective and the broader need for ongoing pesticide surveillance of Australian seafood. Food safety regulation should consider establishing maximum residue limits for seafood, with consideration of consumption preferences.

Abstract Microplastic pollution significantly impacts both marine and freshwater ecosystems, posing a growing concern for aquatic organisms and food safety. This research focuses on comparing microplastic contamination in the hepatopancreas of three edible crab species: two marine—the giant mud crab (Scylla serrata) and the blood-spotted swimming crab (Portunus sanguinolentus)—and one freshwater species (Parathelphusa convexa). These crabs are widely consumed and play an important role in local fisheries and diets. Thirty adult crabs were collected from three sites in the coastal areas of North-East Bay of Bengal and nearby freshwater ponds. Analysis of the hepatopancreas showed average microplastic counts of 0.97 for Scylla serrata, 0.93 for Portunus sanguinolentus, and 3.84 for Parathelphusa convexa. Confocal Raman spectroscopy identified nine different types of microplastics, likely including polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) , which pose risks to aquatic life and human health. These pollutants, which persist in the environment, can disrupt ecosystems and may cause immune system damage and chronic diseases in humans. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that the giant mud crab is most vulnerable to microplastic pollution, with a PLI of 2.31—significantly above the threshold of 1, indicating considerable pollution. This study highlights the urgent need for strategies to mitigate microplastic contamination, considering the health risks linked to consuming contaminated crabs.

Comparative analysis of the microbiota in wild mud crab (Scylla serrata) intestine, sediment, and water in Koggala Lagoon, Sri Lanka

The study assessed heavy metal accumulation (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg) in mud crabs (Scylla serrata) and soils from four municipalities in Northern Samar, Philippines. Although environmental conditions like pH, salinity, and temperature were suitable for crab farming, both crab meat and soil showed heavy metal levels exceeding FAO/WHO safety limits. Several factors may have contributed to the alarming issue of heavy metal levels in mud crab meat exceeding FAO/WHO standards, despite favorable environmental conditions. One of the major concerns is poor water quality particularly in farms located near polluted water bodies. These water sources are often plagued by industrial and agricultural runoff, which can seep into the farms and introduce heavy metals into the environment where the crabs live. Another concern is the use of low-quality feed, such as trash fish, which may contain high levels of heavy metals. Farmers who use this type of feed have reported foul odors, a clear indication of potential contamination. Additionally, natural environmental factors like saltwater intrusion and rising water temperatures may also contribute to the heavy metal contamination. The findings suggest that while the water conditions in the fish ponds are suitable for mud crab cultivation, the presence of heavy metals poses significant health risks to consumers and environmental concerns. The study highlights the need for further investigation and mitigation strategies to address the issue of heavy metal contamination in mud crab cultivation in Northern Samar.

Mangrove crab, (Scylla serrata) in the shell contains chitosan which can be used for anti-hypercholesterolemia. Chitosan synthesis procedures include demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. The resulting chitosan is then evaluated. The results of chitosan evaluation include organoleptic (powder, white to pale yellow, and odorless), deacetylation degree test (77.89±0.81%), yield (69.92%), ninhydrin (purple), ash content (0.2±0.09%) and water content (4.6±3.05%). This study aims to formulate Effervescent Granule Suspension using xanthan gum (F1) and CMC-Na (F2) as variations of suspending agents. The evaluation results of effervescent granules before reconstitution include the angle of repose test F1=22.31±1.53 ° and F2=24.51±1.85°, flow rate test F1=21.12±2.62 g/sec and F2=23.27±0.89 g/sec. % fines test F1=6.95±9.03% and F2=6.86±2.11%. Water content test F1=4.3±2.10% and F2=9.2±1.03%. The evaluation results after reconstitution include the foam height test F1=5±1 cm and F2=4.6±1.15 cm; dispersion time test F1=2.03±0.15 minutes and F2=3.2±0.25 minutes; Viscosity F1=1.97±0.19 mPa.S and F2=1.94±0.14 mPa.S and pH test F1=5.82 and F2=8.31. The results were then analyzed statistically. The conclusion in this study is that there is an effect of different suspending agents on the evaluation of water content, dispersion time and pH. The best Effervescent Granule Suspension Formulation is F1 with Xanthan gum suspending agent

Alat tangkap bubu lipat merupakan salah satu alat tangkap yang dioperasikan untuk menangkap kepiting bakau di Desa Pangkal Babu, Penangkapan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) menggunakan alat tangkap bubu lipat diperlukan umpan dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan hasil tangkapan secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Perbedaan hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau menggunakan umpan ikan pari dan ikan tembakul Menggunakan bubu lipat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Pangkal Babu, Tanjung Jabung Barat pada tanggal l7 Maret -7 April 2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah experimental fishing. Data yang dihimpun meliputi jumlah, berat dan lebar hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau, Jumlah, berat, dan lebar karapas hasil tangkapan ditabulasikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan analisis uji T. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa jumlah hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau sebanyak 27 ekor dengan rata-rata berat total 407,8gr dan rata-rata lebar karapas yaitu sebanyak 198,4 mm. Sedangkan hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau dengan perlakuan ikan tembakul mendapatkan 34 ekor dengan rata-rata berat 602,4gr, dan rata-rata lebar 267,6 mm. Dari hasil analisis uji T menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan jenis umpan berpengaruh tidak nyata (P > 0,05) terhadap jumlah hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau, namun berpengaruh nyata (P < 0,05) terhadap berat dan lebar karapas kepiting bakau, Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan umpan ikan tembakul pada alat tangkap bubu lipat di Desa Pangkal Babu menghasilkan berat dan lebar karapas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan penggunaan umpan ikan pari.

Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is a fishery commodity that has high economic value and has a wide salinity tolerance so that its growth can be developed. The growth of mud crabs can be influenced by genetic traits such as moulting. In cultivation activities there are methods that can accelerate the moulting process such as environmental engineering (increasing and decreasing the salinity of the maintenance media) and mutilation. This study aims to determine the growth and fastest moulting time of crabs in media with different salinities in controlled media. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely: (Control), (P1: 5 ppt), (P2: 10 ppt), (P3: 15 ppt) and (P4: 20 ppt) which are given to mud crabs for 45 days. The results showed that at 5 ppt salinity obtained the fastest moulting time which was 24.3 days and the longest was at 20 ppt salinity for 39 days, while the highest growth was obtained in the 15 ppt salinity treatment with an average absolute weight of 27.3 grams and the lowest was in the control treatment with an average absolute weight of 18.3 grams.

Health risk assessment of PAHs and heavy metal levels in periwinkles (Pachymelania fusca mutans) and crabs (Scylla serrata) consumed in crude oil-contaminated coastal regions of Southern Nigeria.

Efficacy of plant extracts in enhancing growth and molting of crab (Scylla serrata) in a traditional pond system

Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) was chosen as an alternative for sustainable and low-impact mangrove crab cultivation. One of the main challenges in using RAS is determining the optimal feeding frequency. Inappropriate feeding can cause slow growth, increased mortality, and decreased water quality. This study aimed to analyze the effect of trash fish feeding frequency on the growth of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) reared in RAS. The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design of 3 treatments and 4 replications. The research treatments tested were the frequency of feeding with FPP 01 once a day at 10 pm; FPP 02 twice a day at 10 pm and 5 pm; FPP 03 three times a day at 10 pm, 8 am and 5 pm. The parameters observed were survival, weight growth, carapace length growth, carapace width growth, specific growth rate and molting rate. The research data were analyzed using analysis of variance at a 95% significance level. The results showed that the frequency of feeding did not significantly affect the growth and survival of mud crabs in RAS. The frequency of feeding once is optimal to achieve maximum growth in mud crab cultivation using the RAS system with a survival rate of 100±0.00%, weight growth of 52.00±21.17 g, carapace length growth of 1.90±0.87 cm, carapace width growth of 1.60±0.70 cm, specific growth rate of 5.04±0.14%/day and molting rate of 67.00±0.58%.

Abstract Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is generally caught and cultured in traditional brackish water ponds in the Semarang Gulf’s surroundings. The problem with this product was the infection of the parasite, namely: Octolasmis sp. It caused a low price in the market, and consumers rejected it. This research aimed to determine the clinical symptoms of mud crabs infested by Octolasmis sp, its diversity, and the parasites’ intensity, prevalence, and dominance. Two hundred wild and cultured mud crabs were observed with an average carapace length of 8.63 ± 0.91 cm and a weighted average of 117.45 ± 5.03 g. The results showed that the clinical symptoms of mud crabs infested by these parasites were melanosis in the gill, and the structure resembles bean sprouts in the gill. The types of parasites Octolasmis sp, which infects mud crabs in Semarang brackish water ponds, were Octolasmis cor and Octolasmis angulata. The total value of Octolasmis sp. parasites intensity was 69.2, and the total prevalence value was 43.5%. It might be the Pirst report on Octolasmis infestation in Semarang Gulf. This Pinding indicated that Octolasmis moderately infested most mud crabs from traditional brackish water ponds from Semarang Gulf. Regular monitoring and proactive management are vital to maintaining healthy crab populations and reducing the risks of ectoparasitic infestations.

Mercury Accumulation in Water, Sediment, and Mud Crabs (Scylla serrata) from Kaiely Bay Along with Evaluation of Associated Histopathological Changes

Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in supporting the survival and growth of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) by providing shelter, breeding grounds, and food sources. This study aims to analyze the relationship between mangrove diversity and density with the population dynamics of S. serrata in East Lombok, Indonesia. The research was conducted across three study sites: Jerowaru, Seruni Mumbul, and Sugian, using purposive sampling to determine mangrove and crab distribution. Data were collected through vegetation analysis and crab sampling using line transects and quadrat plots. The findings indicate that Jerowaru has the highest mangrove density, reaching 1,233 plants/ha, dominated by Rhizophora mucronata (800 plants/ha). Seruni Mumbul has the highest species diversity, with nine species recorded, while Sugian, despite experiencing degradation, still supports significant S. serrata populations with a total density of 42 individuals/100m². Correspondence Analysis (CA) reveals that juvenile crabs are more associated with Avicennia officinalis at low density (<10 plants), Sonneratia alba at medium density (10–15 plants), and Rhizophora mucronata at high density (>15 plants). Meanwhile, adult S. serrata are strongly linked to high-density Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia alba (>15 plants).

This study aimed to identify probiotic candidates to enhance egg quality in laying hens by isolating and characterizing Bacillus spp. from various local environmental sources, including crustacean guts such as mud crab (Scylla serrata), blue crab (Portunus pelagicus), and banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) from the coastal areas of the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea, shrimp pond sludge, hot spring soil and chicken feces. Identification was carried using biochemical tests, evaluation probiotic properties, and 16S rRNA sequencing methods. Biochemical tests revealed that all 11 isolated strains had characteristics consistent with Bacillus spp. Six of these strains exhibited high spore efficiency, including CPPES01T2 (74.67%), CKNJh11 (80.33%), OYNH31 (82.07%), and THPS1 (71.42%). Strains CPPES01T2 and CKNJh11 were sensitive to ampicillin (10 µg/disc), amoxicillin (30 µg/disc), cloxacillin (1 µg/disc), tetracycline (30 µg/disc), chloramphenicol (30 µg/disc), and kanamycin (30 µg/disc). Strains CPPES01T2 showed tolerance to heat, while strains CPPES01T2, CKNJh11, and THPS1 demonstrated no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, CKNJh11 was selected for developing a supplementary feed for laying hens and the 16 S rRNA sequencing identified strain CKNJh11 as Bacillus aryabhattai which exhibited high resistance to artificial gastric juice and bile salts. For 6 weeks study, resulting in an increase in weight gain and eggshell weight of chickens (p < 0.05). The findings from this study suggest that B. aryabhattai can be a promising spore-forming probiotic bacteria by dietary supplementation with respect to hen performance, egg quality or further development in laying hen production.

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata), is one of the fishery commodities that has high economic value. This is because it tastes good and has high protein, around 52%. Mangrove crab cultivation is a cultivation technology that requires a relatively short time, which is around 15-30 days of maintenance with a low mortality rate of around (10 - 20). Diseases in mangrove crabs can be caused by fungi and bacteria. One of the obstacles in mangrove crab fattening activities is the occurrence of death during the maintenance process caused by bacterial disease attacks, so efforts are needed to prevent disease. Therefore, research is needed to determine the Identification and Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria (Vibrio sp.) In Mangrove Crabs in the City. This research was conducted in November 2023. Sampling was carried out when the crabs were molting based on the results of the study of mangrove crabs in Meuraxsa District, namely Vibrio sp. bacteria. The highest prevalence value of vibrio sp bacteria is isolate code A and C in Muraxsa District, Banda Aceh City, at 40% with the normal/moderate infection category. Water quality parameters at the cultivation location are still within the optimal range for cultivation.Keywords: Bacteria; Mangrove crabs; Identification; pathogenic; Prevalence

Results indicated that the food security of mud crab fishermen households in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia was generally secured. It was found that 92% of fishermen's households were very secure, 4% were quite secured, and 4% were less secure. Meanwhile, based on multidimensional poverty category of mud crab fishermen households was not impoverished. Overall, 67% of people were not poor, 22% were vulnerable poor, 3% were poor, and 7% were very poor. Furthermore, the welfare of mud crab fishermen households is found to be in the category of high welfare. Those included in high welfare was 53% and in moderate category is 47%. In addition, the feasibility of mud crab fishery business carried out by fishermen which was in the feasible category with a BC ratio of 3.04. The socio-economic status of fishermen households as indicated by the sufficient category were grouped into good, sufficient and bad were accounted for 27.9%, 70.8%, and 1.3%, respectively. Improving the socio-economic status of fishermen's households could be done through the expansion of the mud crab fishing industry. Then, increasing income would increase food security, reduce multidimensional poverty, enhance welfare and raise business feasibility. Increasing income could be completed by enlarging the volume mud crabs caught by fishermen as well as selectively selling bigger size to have higher revenue.

Investigating stocking density, culture duration, and the combination ratio of artificial feed and fresh feed for mangrove crab Scylla serrata megalopae reared in pond-based net cages