CPM System Research Articles

A constraint and position identification (CPI) approach for the synthesis of decoupled spatial translational compliant parallel manipulators

This paper introduces a screw theory based method termed constraint and position identification (CPI) approach to synthesize decoupled spatial translational compliant parallel manipulators (XYZ CPMs) with consideration of actuation isolation. The proposed approach is based on a systematic arrangement of rigid stages and compliant modules in a three-legged XYZ CPM system using the constraint spaces and the position spaces of the compliant modules. The constraint spaces and the position spaces are firstly derived based on the screw theory instead of using the rigid-body mechanism design experience. Additionally, the constraint spaces are classified into different constraint combinations, with typical position spaces depicted via geometric entities. Furthermore, the systematic synthesis process based on the constraint combinations and the geometric entities is demonstrated via several examples. Finally, several novel decoupled XYZ CPMs with monolithic configurations are created and verified by finite elements analysis. The present CPI approach enables experts and beginners to synthesize a variety of decoupled XYZ CPMs with consideration of actuation isolation by selecting an appropriate constraint and an optimal position for each of the compliant modules according to a specific application.

Arrangement of Book Materials in the Department for Children and Youth in a Public Library

ABSTRACTPurpose: The arrangement of books in libraries has been very important since their beginnings. In the departments for children and youth in Slovenian public libraries, several arrangement systems have been in use. In the 60's of the last century the CPM system was introduced. The system is based on dividing materials into three age groups. Lately, the need for changing this system has emerged. Two years ago Ljubljana City Library, Oton Župančič Library has introduced a new system for arranging materials for young readers. The main purpose of the article is to illustrate the reactions of other librarians to these changes and to find out if and how children's librarians use guidelines for the arrangement of materials. Methodology/approach: Survey questionnaires were distributed to participants at the meeting titled »Librarians answer to the contemporary reading scene: the presentation of test arrangement of materials for children and youth in the Oton Župančič Library, a unit of the Ljubljana City Library (LCL)«. Results: Visitors of that meeting reacted positively to the new arrangement system. 77 % of them are prepared to adopt and use it in their libraries. The results also show that librarians have already included some additional groups for arranging materials, within the CPM system. 90 % of librarians that answered the survey have modified the arrangement in their libraries or at least they use additional spine labels. Research limitation: Due to the small sample we can only assume that the results of the research reflect the general situation in Slovenian school libraries and youth departments of public libraries. Originality/practical implications: There is a need for restructuring and modernization of the current recommendations for the arrangement of book materials. The results also highlight the areas that should be given immediate priority and can support new solutions to the present arrangement system.

Successfully Choosing Your EMR: 15 Crucial Decisions

ploying their first EMR as well as for those ready to replace their existing EMR with a new one, or an integrated EMR/ computer practice management (CMP) solution, or an EMR that also offers a patient-portal. Recently, the U.S. federal government has expressed its intent to enact widespread health reform. This book details how early adoption of EMR systems by hospitals and private physicians would assure successful implementation of health reform in the U.S. This book also serves as a practically invaluable guide to IT practice managers in hospitals in Korea. Earlier EMR adopters in Korea, such as tertiary and large-scale hospitals, would be leaders in e-hospital-based global healthcare. However, midand small-sized hospitals could also adopt EMR systems. The book includes useful contents, such as reasons of EMR adoption, methods for enhancing practice and effects of CPM system, structured data and report generation, interaction with EMR, interoperability, workflow enhancement/ EMR customization, documenting office workflow, evaluating vendor stability, lawyer proofing EMR, configuration and deployment, crisis planning and mitigation, protecting patient data, and negotiation of agreement with the vendor. The book also includes 15 crucial EMR decisions that must be made whenever you adopt, develop, and manage an EMR system. This book guides you through the factors that affect these decisions; it is both practical and fairly thorough. These 15 crucial decisions are the branches of a Decision Tree that must be navigated. The 15 EMR crucial decisions covered in the book are: 1. The most fundamental question concerning EMRs –Is now the right time to adopt? 2. What method will you use to build a staff consensus to adopt an EMR in your practice? 3. What level of EMR functionality will you deploy? 4. Will a freeform or structured clinical patient data apSuccessfully Choosing Your EMR: 15 Crucial Decisions

A Constellation Space Dimensionality Reduced Sub-Optimal Receiver for Orthogonal STBC CPM Modulation in a MIMO Channel

We consider burst orthogonal space-time block coded (OSTBC) CPM modulation in a MIMO flat slow Rayleigh fading channel. The optimal receiver must process a multidimensional non-linear CPM signal on each antenna. This task imposes a high load on the receiver computational performance and increases its complexity. We analytically derive a suboptimal receiver with a reduced number of front end matched filters (MFs) corresponding to the CPM dimension. Our derivation is made fully in the constellation signal space, and the reduction is based on the linear orthogonal projection to the optimal subspace. Criterion optimality is a standard space-time rank and determinant criterion. The optimal arbitrary-dimensional subspace search leads to the eigenvector solution. We present the condition on a sufficient subspace dimension and interpret the meaning of the corresponding eigenvalues. It is shown that the determinant and rank criterion for OSTBC CPM is equivalent to the uncoded CPM Euclidean distance criterion. Hence the proposed receiver may be practical for uncoded CPM and foremost in a serially concatenated (SC) CPM system. All the derivations are supported by suitable error simulations for binary 2REC h= 1/2, but the procedure is generally valid for any CPM variant. We consider OSTBC CPM in a Rayleigh fading AWGN channel and SC CPM in an AWGN channel.

An orthogonal space-time coded partial response CPM system with fast decoding for two transmit antennas

In this paper, an orthogonal space-time coded partial response continuous phase modulation (OST-PCPM) system with two transmit antennas is proposed. It can achieve full diversity with arbitrary inner memory length and phase smoothing functions of CPM schemes. Based on the orthogonality between signals from two transmit antennas and the proposed differential encoding scheme, a fast decoding algorithm is developed for some special cases. Simulation results show that this scheme can provide much better performance with a reasonable complexity, as compared to one transmit antenna CPM scheme. We also give a suboptimal decoding method that provides a tradeoff between complexity and performance.

An orthogonal space-time coded CPM system with fast decoding for two transmit antennas

Trellis-coded space-time (TC-ST) coding for continuous-phase modulation (TC-ST-CPM) was recently proposed by Zhang and Fitz. In this paper, we propose an orthogonal space-time coding for CPM (OST-CPM) systems and two transmit antennas. In the proposed OST-CPM, signals from two transmit antennas at any time t are orthogonal while both of them have continuous phases. Similar to Alamouti's OST coding for phase-shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) systems, the newly proposed OST-CPM has a fast decoding algorithm.

Singlet–triplet splitting and the activation of CH bond for (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )M(CO) isoelectronic fragments: A theoretical study

A density functional study was used to investigate potential energy surfaces of the oxidative addition reaction CpM(CO)+CH4CpM(CO)(H)(CH3) (M=Ru−, Os−, Rh, Ir, Pd+, and Pt+). A qualitative model which is based on the theory of Pross and Shaik was applied to develop an explanation for the barrier heights. As a result, our theoretical findings suggest that the singlet–triplet splitting (ΔEst=Etriplet−Esinglet) of the CpM(CO) species can be a guide to predict its reaction activity and enthalpy for oxidative additions. A better linear correlation was found between the latter two quantities. Considering the nature of the metal center, the following conclusions therefore emerged: For the 16-electron CpM(CO) system, a heavier transition-metal center (i.e., the third-row) will lead to a smaller ΔEst and, in turn, will facilitate the oxidative addition reactions to alkane CH bonds. In contrast, a lighter transition-metal center (i.e., the second row) will result in a larger ΔEst and then tend to undergo the reductive elimination reactions of the CH bond-forming. The results obtained are in good agreement with the available experimental results and allow a number of predictions to be made. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 70: 961–971, 1998

Singlet–triplet splitting and the activation of C(SINGLE BOND)H bond for (η5‐C5H5)M(CO) isoelectronic fragments: A theoretical study

A density functional study was used to investigate potential energy surfaces of the oxidative addition reaction CpM(CO)+CH4→CpM(CO)(H)(CH3) (M=Ru−, Os−, Rh, Ir, Pd+, and Pt+). A qualitative model which is based on the theory of Pross and Shaik was applied to develop an explanation for the barrier heights. As a result, our theoretical findings suggest that the singlet–triplet splitting (ΔEst=Etriplet−Esinglet) of the CpM(CO) species can be a guide to predict its reaction activity and enthalpy for oxidative additions. A better linear correlation was found between the latter two quantities. Considering the nature of the metal center, the following conclusions therefore emerged: For the 16-electron CpM(CO) system, a heavier transition-metal center (i.e., the third-row) will lead to a smaller ΔEst and, in turn, will facilitate the oxidative addition reactions to alkane CH bonds. In contrast, a lighter transition-metal center (i.e., the second row) will result in a larger ΔEst and then tend to undergo the reductive elimination reactions of the CH bond-forming. The results obtained are in good agreement with the available experimental results and allow a number of predictions to be made. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 70: 961–971, 1998

Effect of nitrogen gas pressure on residual stress in A1N films deposited by the planar magnetron sputtering system

The crystal orientation and residual stress development in A1N films deposited on borosilicate (BLC) glass substrates were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Deposition was performed using two kinds of planar magnetron sputtering system: a conventional system (CPM system) and a special system with two facing targets (FTPM system). The nitrogen gas pressure ( P N) was varied over a suitable range for each system. The diffraction patterns of the AlN films showed that the c-axis orientation was improved when the films were deposited using the CPM system at a nitrogen gas pressure lower than 1 Pa. For the CPM system, compressive residual stress was found in films deposited at P N≤2 Pa and tensile residual stress at P N>2 Pa. For the FTPM system, tensile residual stress was found in films deposited at P N≤0.8 Pa and compressive residual stress at P N>0.8 Pa.

Toxic Effects of Electrolyte and Trace Mineral Administration in the Intensive Care Unit

Electrolytes and trace minerals are administered routinely to ICU patients to correct deficiencies or as specific therapy for various conditions. Complications are usually related to the rate of infusion, rapidity of correction of a deficiency state, or iatrogenic poisoning with the agent. Adverse effects associated with Na+ administration included volume overload, CPM, and central nervous system bleeds. The toxic effects of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ are primarily related to their effects on the myocardium, nervous system, and muscle. Other than precipitating or maintaining a metabolic acidosis, Cl- administration is relatively nontoxic. Its accompanying anion (i.e., ammonium or arginine), however, may contribute significantly to patient morbidity and, possibly, mortality. Side effects observed with phosphate administration include hypocalcemia, metastatic calcification, and hypernatremia or hyperkalemia. Most of these toxicities are avoidable if appropriate precautions are taken and appropriate monitoring implemented. Finally, when administering any of these agents, the intensivist should be familiar with their toxicologic profiles and management of potential complications.

Project Planning and Control by Time-Sharing Computer

CPM has been a successful construction management tool only when the networks have been updated on a timely basis. Direct interaction with a computer by a teletype-telephone line link has proved to be an economical means of maintaining currency of the network. Essential features of time-sharing a computer for CPM calculations are analyzed. An example of the use of a typical time-share CPM system featuring a Problem-Oriented Language is given.