This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to assess the post-partum family planning practices among 678 mothers who delivered in the last 12 months in selected areas of Gazipur district. The study was conducted from 17th September 2022 to 30th November 2022 and the data were collected through face to face interview from the villages of Sataish, Gutia and Rajabari of Gazipur district. A pre-tested, semi-structured, questionnaire was used to collect data for knowing their socio-demographic characteristics and practice of family planning methods. Out of 678 respondents, maximum (41.45%) mother were in the age group of 21-25 years. Almost all (96.00%) were Muslim. In terms of education 42.63% mothers were primary passed. Participants were mainly house wives (80.24%) and two-third (65.00%) mothers belong to nuclear family. Maximum mothers (42.92%) belongs to lower socio-economic class (10001-20000 taka). In the present study, the prevalence of postpartum family planning method use was (69.00%), among them more than half (59.00%) mothers used within 6 months after delivery. Almost half (49.00%) of the couple took decision combinedly and among user, most (41.79%) of them used combined oral pill. Majority (87.00%) of the mothers heard about family planning methods and half (51.87%) of the respondents got information from the health personnel. Two-third (66.99%) of the mothers received family planning counselling and (43.72%) received counselling during postnatal period. In this study, maximum (83.80%) mothers does not have any side effects after family planning methods use. Only (16.20%) had side effects, among them (32.85%) felt generalized weakness. Mothers (31.00%) who did not use family planning methods, among them (36.84%) had fear of side effects and very few (12.92%) reported that no sexual contact after delivery. Since family planning methods are not only for limiting births and the well-being of women, but also for the well-being of each family in society, improving the country's economy and maintaining the earth's ecological balance. As a result, family planning programs should be multidisciplinary in nature. It should include educating both husband and wife and other family members, enabling women to make decisions, raising literacy rates and developing the country's health system so that misconceptions about contraception can be corrected as needed by health workers and allied personnel.

In recent years, the digital economy has developed rapidly in China. Its advantages in alleviating farmers' credit constraints, information constraints and facilitating risk diversification may be conducive to farmers' adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) technology. Based on survey data from 1108 kiwifruit growers, this article empirically analyzes the impact and mechanism of digital economy participation on farmers' adoption of IPM technology. This study revealed that digital economy participation can significantly promote farmers' adoption of IPM technology. Different dimensions of digital economy: digital production, digital sales, and digital finance can significantly promote farmers' adoption of IPM technology, with the impact effects in descending order being digital sales, digital finance, and digital production. Participation in the digital economy can promote farmers' adoption of IPM technology through premium incentive, improving farmers' technical cognition level, and enhancing their risk resistance. In terms of the sub-dimensions of the digital economy, premium incentive is the primary mechanism for digital production and digital sales, while risk resistance is the dominant mechanism in digital finance. Moreover, digital economy participation has a greater impact effect on the adoption of IPM technologyamong younger farmers, those with higher education, and those with larger planting areas. This article emphasizes the importance of farmers' participation in the digital economy for the diffusion of IPM technology and provide insights from the digital economy for countries that are actively promoting IPM technology. Policymakers should encourage farmers to participate in the digital economy and provide convenient conditions for this. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

This scoping review aimed to identify and map interventions and gaps in evidence that sought to enhance food literacy to support sustainable dietary behaviours among adults from ethnic minority backgrounds. A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they targeted food literacy in ethnic minority adult populations. Nine databases were searched from inception to October 2024. Developed economy countries. Community-dwelling adult ethnic minority populations. Of 3128 records screened, two studies met the inclusion criteria. Both studies involved a retrospective evaluation of outcomes following participation in a community garden program. Although some sustainability-related outcomes were recorded, none directly integrated food system sustainability education as a primary objective. This review found very few food literacy interventions that integrate sustainability and are tailored for ethnic minority communities, highlighting a critical evidence gap. Future health promotion efforts should identify strategies to effectively change food preferences towards nutritious and sustainable choices and how to tailor it for culturally diverse groups to address both health and environmental challenges.

The most prevalent and significant illness affecting chicken that causes significant financial losses globally is coccidiosis. Thus, this review goal is to discuss the topic of poultry coccidiosis. It is brought on by Eimeria species' intracellular protozoa parasite, which belongs to the genus Eimeria. There are approximately nine different types of Eimeria known to exist in domesticated poultry, with the most infectious being Eimeria brunette, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria necatrix, and Eimeria tenella; the least pathogenic being Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria mivati, and the least pathogenic being Eimeria praecox and Eimeria hagani. The most effective method for diagnosing coccidiosis in chickens is postmortem examination of a representative number of birds, morphology of oocysts can be assessed by taking intestinal mucosal scrapings or by counting the droppings and molecular diagnosis. The fundamental principles of coccidiosis prevention and control include the use of immunizations, natural feed additives, preventive anticoccidial medications, and best practices for farm handling. Therefore, appropriate management and treatment should be implemented to reduce the effect of coccidiosis on emerging economies of different countries. The purpose of this review is to examine the basic knowledge of coccidiosis, including the several Eimerian species that infect poultry and the methods for identifying and treating the disease.

This study investigates the impact of human resource (HR) practices on employee job satisfaction in the pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan, which plays a significant role in the country's economy but frequently encounters issues, including low motivation and staff turnover. Despite the strategic importance of effective HR management, limited empirical evidence exists on how specific HR practices influence employee satisfaction within this industry in the Pakistani context. Addressing this gap, the present research examines the effects of four key HR practices, which include recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, and compensation and benefits, on the job satisfaction of employees. In this research, quantitative research is adopted where employees of particular pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan will be given a questionnaire. The collected data are analyzed using correlation and regression techniques to determine the strength and direction of relationships between HR practices and job satisfaction. The findings are expected to provide empirical insights that can help HR managers design more effective HR policies aimed at improving employee satisfaction, retention, and overall organizational performance. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering industry-specific evidence from a developing economy and highlighting the critical role of HR practices in enhancing workforce outcomes in the pharmaceutical sector.

Motorcycles are not only vital to transportation and economies in many Southeast Asia's countries but also cause substantial air pollution. As alternative electric mobility is increasingly promoted by countries, managing end-of-life (petrol) motorcycles (EoLMs) becomes more urgent. This article addresses the question: How will EoLMs be treated, transformed or disposed of? Vietnam, leading the region in motorcycle ownership, was selected as the case. The authors used a triangulation approach, combining literature review, site observations and semi-structured interviews to examine Vietnam's EoLM recycling management. Specifically, the article provided motorcycle-related estimations to fill the data gap, based on which numerical warnings on emissions from in-use EoLMs were generated to support the contemporary emission picture. Advantages and limitations of the current legislative framework and recycling system were identified. Finally, a tailored recycling management framework was proposed, incorporating mandatory emission testing, enhanced extended producer responsibility regulations and subsidies for the industry. This study contributes to the limited literature on EoLM management and provides policymakers with an interdisciplinary framework emphasizing stakeholders' collaboration.

Ongoing global changes are strongly impacting the distribution and incidence of vector-borne diseases (VBD) affecting both humans and animals. Livestock production is a cornerstone of the economy and food security of many countries, notably in Europe, and VBD represent a major constraint on its development. Furthermore, domestic animals can serve as reservoirs for zoonotic agents, highlighting the need for a One Health approach to anticipate and control VBD. However, research on livestock-associated vectors in Europe, particularly mosquitoes and stable flies at farm level, remains limited. Although ticks are recognized as the most important vectors in Europe, comparative studies between countries and host animal species are still scarce. On the basis of vector presence, this study assesses the entomological risk for livestock on seven farms located in two European countries, Spain and Hungary, characterized by contrasting climates and husbandry practices. During spring 2023 and 2024, as well as autumn 2023, three groups of arthropods, mosquitoes, ticks, and stable flies were collected from seven cattle, sheep, and pig farms in Spain and Hungary. Environmental, climatic, and meteorological data, together with information on management practices and animal characteristics, were collected on-site and obtained from local databases. A total of 1432 mosquitoes, 345 ticks, and 1266 stable flies were collected and identified to species level, representing 37 species in total: 30 mosquito species, 6 tick species, and 1 stable fly species. Among these, 16 species are recognized vectors of pathogens. Hungary consistently exhibited higher arthropod abundance across all groups. Mosquito diversity was also greater in Hungary, with 21 species dominated by Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens pipiens, whereas in Spain, 13 species were recorded, mainly Culex theileri and Anopheles atroparvus. Four tick species were identified in Hungary (Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis concinna, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus) while two species were collected in Spain (Hyalomma lusitanicum and Rhipicephalus bursa). The stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans was the only species present in Europe and accounted for all specimens collected, 99% of which were found in Hungary. Seasonal patterns showed spring peaks for mosquitoes and stable flies, and summer/autumn peaks for ticks in Hungary. The originality of this study lies in its multi-vector description of three arthropod communities associated with three livestock species (cattle, sheep, pigs) on farms located in two European countries with contrasting environments and climates. The study demonstrated the coexistence of 16 arthropod species of veterinary and public health relevance in the surveyed farms. Their diversity and abundance were influenced by geographical contrasts between Mediterranean and Central European climates, as well as environmental characteristics, livestock species, and management practices. These findings provide updated information on the diversity of arthropod vectors present on livestock farms, regardless of production type, and highlighted the need for enhanced vector surveillance in livestock systems, which accounts for environmental, farming, and anthropogenic factors. Such efforts are essential to anticipate VBD emergence driven by invasive vectors and circulating pathogens, mitigate impacts on animal health and productivity, and address interconnected risks to both human and animal populations.

The article examines the historical aspects of the development of the Islamic banking system, which is based on the rules of Sharia and Islamic ethics, as well as the legal framework that regulates the activities of Islamic financial institutions. The study explores the fundamental principles and conceptual categories that characterize the unique model of banking. Based on the analysis of operations inherent in Islamic banking, the main items of the formation of liabilities are determined, and the structure of the assets of the balance sheet is presented. Based on the study of the set of economic relations and connections between the participants of the credit and financial system within the framework of the Islamic model of banking, the factors that form Islamic banking are substantiated and the prospects for its application for the development of national economies of Arab countries are assessed.

Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of many countries, especially India. Farmers often face challenges in selecting suitable crops and predicting market prices due to changing climate conditions, soil properties, and demand fluctuations. This research proposes an AI-based Smart Crop Recommendation and Price Prediction System using machine learning techniques. The system recommends the most suitable crop based on environmental parameters such as soil type, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and pH value. It also predicts future crop prices using historical market data. Various machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Linear Regression are applied for accurate recommendations and forecasting. Experimental results show improved decision-making support for farmers, increased productivity, and better profit planning.

ABSTRACT Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of many countries, especially in regions where a large population depends on farming. However, farmers face challenges such as unpredictable weather conditions, soil variability, and improper crop selection, leading to reduced productivity. This research proposes an intelligent crop prediction system using a combination of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Genetic Algorithm techniques. The system utilizes soil parameters such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and pH along with environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and rainfall to predict suitable crops. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is used to capture time-series patterns in weather data, while Random Forest is applied for classification. Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize model parameters and improve performance. The system also integrates Explainable AI techniques to enhance interpretability. Experimental results show improved accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods. This approach helps farmers make better decisions and increases agricultural productivity. KEYWORDS Crop Prediction, Machine Learning, LSTM, Genetic Algorithm, Agriculture, Deep Learning

This paper analyzes the identification of investment priorities and the steps towards the development of a green economy aimed at ensuring ecological sustainability in Azerbaijan's economy. In recent years, the economic reforms implemented by Azerbaijan, the adoption of ecological technologies, and investments in the renewable energy sector have not only increased the country's energy independence but also contributed to environmental protection and the enhancement of social welfare. The growing interest in alternative energy sources in Azerbaijan, particularly the projects implemented in the fields of solar and wind energy, has been a significant step in accelerating the transition to a green economy and ensuring the country's ecological sustainability. This paper discusses the investment sectors planned to accelerate the transition to a green economy and the reforms undertaken in these sectors. Azerbaijan's ecological reforms in agriculture and water management are also a focal point. The reforms implemented in these sectors support the diversification of the economy by ensuring the efficient use of natural resources. The adoption of ecological technologies and the improvement of energy efficiency are considered crucial steps to make the country's economy sustainable. This paper also highlights the importance of international cooperation and experience exchange in supporting Azerbaijan's transition to a green economy. Creating a more attractive environment for foreign investors will accelerate the development of the green economy and contribute to Azerbaijan's ecologically sustainable future. The paper presents strategic approaches and recommendations essential for the transition to a green economy and ensuring ecological sustainability, while also discussing future perspectives in this area.

Relevance. In the current context, anti-Russian sanctions are a key factor determining the dynamics of the Russian economy and its level of economic security, leading to increased attention to assessing their impact. In this context, an in-depth analysis of the impact of sanctions on the economic security of the real sector of the economy, which serves as the foundation for achieving stability and sustainability of the national economy as a whole, is required. The purpose of the study is develop a methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy. Objectives: analyze the mechanism by which sanctions influence the Russian economy; provide a scientific basis for the key stages of the methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy; test this methodology using data for 2011‒2024; and provide a meaningful interpretation of the results. Methods. Quantitative and qualitative, monographic and retrospective analysis, methods for comparing economic phenomena and processes, graphical and matrix modeling, the index method, and scenario and systems approach tools were used. Results. The real sector of the economy is the core of the country's economy, determining its resilience to sanctions. Therefore, ensuring the economic security of the real sector in the face of increasing sanctions pressure is a priority. To address this, this paper presents a scientifically substantiated methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy. This methodology consists of a sequentially implemented set of five stages. This methodology is based on publicly available Rosstat data on the dynamics of gross value added and the share of the real sector in the national economy. A matrix model for interpreting the results obtained using the developed methodology is proposed. The theoretical propositions of the study advance the theory of economic security. Conclusions. The authors' methodology for assessing the level of economic security of the real sector of the national economy under sanctions, based on available statistical data, allows not only to model the situation and assess the state of economic security, but also to develop a scientifically sound forecast of short-term changes in the situation, considering recommended measures to ensure economic security. The applied findings of the study may be useful to government officials and the management of enterprises in the real sector of the economy when substantiating measures and developing strategies and programs to strengthen economic security under sanctions.

ABSTRACT The global energy transition is increasingly driven by competition among major powers instead of multilateral cooperation, raising questions about its impact on resource-rich countries in the Global South. While International Relations (IR) and International Political Economy (IPE) have focused on the geopolitics/geoeconomics of the transition, a growing discussion within Development Studies highlights ‘green windows of opportunity’ for economic catch-up and structural change. These two approaches often operate separately, overlooking how geopolitical competition and development prospects are interconnected and mutually shape one another. This article addresses this gap by focusing on the agency of extractivist countries, those heavily dependent on extracting and exporting raw materials, as they navigate the geopoliticization of the energy transition. Geopoliticization is a framing process in which the energy transition becomes part of strategic rivalry, affecting the international environment where resource policies, partnerships, and development strategies are negotiated. The article proceeds in three parts. First, it identifies four main sources of uncertainty driving this process: technological path dependencies, geoeconomic competition, reorganisation of energy systems, and socio-political conflicts related to extraction. Second, it explains how these uncertainties create policy ambiguities at the national level, complicating decisions about resource governance, technology transfer, domestic policy dependence, and energy security. Third, it highlights the role of extractivist political settlements in assessing whether these windows of opportunity exist and, if so, how deeply rooted political and economic structures can either reinforce extractivism or adapt to new incentives. By connecting geopoliticization with the political economy of extractivist countries, this article provides a detailed framework for understanding why the global energy transition does not automatically lead to green industrialisation or structural change in many parts of the Global South. It demonstrates that opportunities are ambiguous, contingent on circumstances, and shaped by both international pressures and domestic political arrangements, emphasising the need for deeper exploration of domestic agency in the Global South.

Examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the efficiency of management of the tourism industry, which requires the analysis and assessment of key economic indicators that make it possible to determine the level of competitiveness, sustainability and profitability of tourism enterprises. Particular attention is paid to the main groups of indicators used to assess the effectiveness of management in the tourism sector are indicators of profitability, costs, investment attractiveness, employment level and the multiplier effect of tourism on the country's economy. As a result of the study, it was noted that the experience of foreign countries shows that successful strategies for state support of tourism are based on an integrated approach, including tax incentives, investment programs, marketing campaigns and infrastructure development.

In most of the economies of different countries in the world, banks play a very important role in economic stability. We know that if the banks are not managed correctly, this issue will have heavy economic, political and social consequences for the society of that country. If we can find the important factors in the correct and accurate management of banks in the economy of a country, it will help the sustainable economic growth of that economy. In this research, we seek to find out how political shareholders affect the management of banks. To achieve this goal, the financial information of commercial banks of ten countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the years 2015-2020 and also the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model have been used. After calculating the percentage of government shares in the investigated banks, we analyze income smoothing using loan loss provisions (LLPs). One of the factors that has been considered in this regard is the elections in these countries and income smoothing in election years has been compared with other years. The obtained results show that income smoothing is more in banks that have more government shareholders. Another noteworthy point is that the election factor has a significant impact on the management of banks.

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most dangerous types of weather, originate over warm tropical oceans and can seriously harm people, infrastructure, ecosystems, and country economies. The Arabian Sea is an important area for the development of TCs, but not much research has been done on how cyclones behave there over time and in different seasons. This study looks at TC activity over the Arabian Sea from 1982 to 2021, focusing on TC tracks, energy metrics, including the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) and power dissipation index (PDI), and TC duration. The results show a big change in TC tracks over time and between seasons. In the pre-monsoon, northwest and northeast tracks are the dominant tracks, whereas in the post-monsoon, northwest and westward tracks are the most common. There has been a big increase in the ACE, the PDI, and the lifespan of TCs, especially in the post-monsoon season, over the second half of the study. The study also looks at how large-scale synoptic characteristics, like sea surface temperature (SST), vertical wind shear (VWS), upper-level winds, sea level pressure (SLP), and relative humidity (RH) affect the behavior of TCs. The results show that higher SSTs and lower VWSs have made TCs stronger and last longer. Also, upper-level winds, SLP, and RH are significant for changing the paths of TCs. This study provides a comprehensive, seasonally resolved look at how TC activity has changed over the past four decades in the Arabian Sea. It also gives us new insights into how environmental factors have affected TC behavior over time.

Corruption is a form of crime that has a direct impact on the welfare of society. Corruption is an unlawful act carried out to enrich oneself, another person, or a corporation, which is detrimental to state finances or the country's economy. Corruption is also a crime that is included in the category of special crimes because it has different specifications from general crimes both in procedural law and material (substance), especially in the handling of evidence of special crimes whose origins must be examined so that the handling of the crime does not harm parties who are not involved. Corruption is also regulated in various regulations such as Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, Law Number 15 of 2002 concerning the Crime of Money Laundering, Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission, the latest Criminal Code (Law Number 1 of 2023), and so on. The law has regulated a number of provisions aimed at strengthening and perfecting the eradication of corruption in Indonesia as well as anticipating and eradicating various increasingly sophisticated corruption modes, as well as increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement related to corruption crimes. The method used is an empirical juridical approach with direct field research studies at the South Tapanuli District Attorney's Office. Mechanisms and Procedures for Securing Evidence in Corruption Crimes according to the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Corruption Crime Law. The provisions of evidence according to the Criminal Procedure Code are regulated in articles 39-46 of the Criminal Procedure Code starting from Confiscation, Storage of Confiscated Objects, Management of Confiscated Objects / evidence after having permanent legal force. Meanwhile, Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes regulates more specifically the management of evidence, especially related to assets resulting from corruption by means of Asset Confiscation (Article 18 of the Corruption Law). Confiscation of Assets suspected of originating from criminal acts of corruption, Blocking and Custody, to Execution of Decisions. The Role of the Prosecutor's Office in Securing Evidence that has been In Kracht in corruption cases. The Prosecutor's Office through the Asset Recovery and Evidence Management division has a role in managing evidence as regulated in the Regulation of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia Number: PER-027/A/JA/10/2014 Concerning Guidelines for Asset Recovery. In practice, the management of evidence carried out by the Prosecutor's Office through the Asset Recovery and Evidence Management Division consists of 5, namely: Direct Sales, Indirect Sales, Determination of Use Status, Grants, and Destruction. Implementation of Evidence Securing in the Practice of Corruption Law Enforcement at the South Tapanuli District Prosecutor's Office. Evidence Securing in criminal acts of corruption at the South Tapanuli District Prosecutor's Office often takes the form of documents, financial transactions, and letters.

Among the strategic factors of increasing the efficiency of the agricultural sector of the country's economy, providing the industry with a material and technical resource of a modern level, the evolution of scientific and technological progress (NTP) should be indicated. Periods of achievements of science and improvement of technology in the context of the transition to the digital economy are correlated with the cycles of automation of research and development projects. The successes of modern quantum computing are based on previous covers in many fields of science, replenishing the volume of scientific knowledge that contributes to the formation of innovations in technology and the modernization of the agro-industrial complex.

The article examines the problem of theoretically understanding the internationalization of international business in the context of distinguishing between the concepts of «market entry» and «depth of integration». The aim of the study is to develop a conceptional approach for analyzing the depth of international business integration as an independent analytical dimension of international economic presence. It is substantiated that traditional internationalization models focus mainly on market entry forms and expansion motives, which does not allow for a full assessment of the quality of a company’s integration into the national economy of the host country. The methodological foundation of the study consists of systems analysis, a comparative approach, and the theoretical synthesis of classical internationalization models (the Uppsala models, the OLI eclectic paradigm, and the Born Global approach). Based on the generalization of the provisions of the specified theoretical directions, a four-dimensional structure of the depth of international business integration is proposed, which includes production, innovation-technological, human resources, and institutional dimensions. A system of indicators has been developed for their operationalization, and a typology of integration configurations (surface, production-oriented, innovation-oriented, systemic) has been created. The main outcome of the study is the development of a conceptional framework that establishes the relationship between the mode of market entry, the development of individual dimensions of integration, the type of configuration, and the nature of economic consequences for the host economy. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of using the proposed approach to assess the quality of companies’ international presence, as well as to support decision-making in the sphere of State policy to promote international business integration. The proposed conception provides a theoretical foundation for further empirical testing and the development of tools for the strategic selection of integration forms.

Subject. This article discusses the impact of high-performance computing development on the economy of Brazil. Objectives. The study aims to analyze Brazil'ss micro- and macroeconomic indicators, identify the most developed sectors of the country's economy, and to assess the effect of increasing high-performance computing in advanced sectors of the economy. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, synthesis, classification, abstraction, formalization, the Cost-Output model, and case study analysis. Results. Increasing high-performance computing in advanced sectors of Brazil's economy can directly impact cost reduction, increase productivity and efficiency, which will have an effect on other areas of the country's economy. Conclusions. Enhancing high-performance computing can have a colossal impact on the country's economy, reduce the cost of goods and services produced, which can help improve the competitiveness of the country's exports and positively influence household consumption.