Surface Of Cotton Fibers Research Articles

In situ synthesis of cuprous oxide on cotton fiber for developing functional textile with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity

The development of cotton fabrics with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties utilizing rapid and facile strategies remains an enormous challenge. The immobilization of cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) onto cotton fiber is a promising method for develpoing organic-inorganic hybrid functional textile. Herein, aiming at designing an antibacterial nanolayer on the micro-dissolved cotton fiber surface, a novel method for rapid in-situ synthesis of Cu 2 O particles on cotton fibers in polydimethylsiloxane was proposed. In the instantaneous high temperature of polydimethylsiloxane with glucose reduction, the Cu 2 O particles could be constructed on the cotton fiber surface rapidly. Furthermore, the antibacterial cotton fabrics exhibited excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial performance against both the Gram-negative bacterium ( E. coli and P. aeruginosa ) and Gram-positive bacterium ( S. aureus and B. subtilis ). Therefore, the proposed method may be a promising strategy for the rapid preparation of antibacterial cotton fabric, which may provide an indispensability application on functional cellulose materials. • An antimicrobial layer was in-situ synthesized in an organic solvent system. • Cu 2 O particles could be rapidly synthesized on the cotton fiber surface. • Excellent antibacterial performance was achieved for typical bacterium.

Sustainable and superhydrophobic coating from epoxidized soybean oil and stearic acid on cotton fabric etched by deep eutectic solvent

Improving the surface roughness of fabric is one of the main strategies to construct the superhydrophobic surface of cotton fabric. To enhance surface roughness, two ways are used: immobilized inorganic/organic particles on the fabric or etching the fabric using chemical reagents. However, the simple shedding of inorganic/organic particles on the fabric surface leads to limited durability, and the obvious degradation of mechanical properties of finished fabrics caused by etching hinders the application of superhydrophobic cotton fabrics. To address these issues, the current study described a novel technique for etching the surface of cotton fibers using a moderate deep eutectic solvent (DES) comprising choline chloride and oxalic acid. The treated fabric was then covered with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO)-derived thermoset and subsequently modified with stearic acid (STA). Therefore, the modified coatings endow the cotton fabric with durably superhydrophobic properties, good self-cleaning characteristics, and excellent oil-water separation properties. These remarkable characteristics make modified cotton textiles ideal for self-cleaning and oil-water separation.

Microwave assisted preparation of a hemostatic gauze with mesoporous silica through in-situ synthesis.

The medical disinfection cotton gauze is the most frequently used medical consumables for wound care. Here this ordinary commercial gauze was upgraded to a hemostatic gauze, which was loaded with mesoporous silica through in-situ synthesis and further microwave treatment. The original cotton gauze was pretreated with NaOH solutions for surface activation, soaked in double-silica source precursor solution for moderate in-situ synthesis, treated with microwave for quick template removement and dehydration. The final obtained hemostatic gauze (MS-G1) showed superior physical, biocompatible and hemostatic advantages. The newborn mesoporous silica was firmly anchored onto the cotton fiber surface with <20% leaching after 10 min of sonication. The microwave treatment not only shortened the time for template removal but also promotes the formation of mesoporous structure. The clotting blood time (CBT) of MS-G1 were only (62.00 ± 5.56s), which was 23.14% shorter than that of original medical gauze, and even 3.6% shorter than Combat Gauze (CG). MS-G1 also showed excellent biocompatibility in cytotoxicity tests of L-929 cells, with a 116% proliferation rate at the concentration of 5mg/mL. Furthermore, the hemostatic performance was explored on a rabbit wound model of hemorrhagic liver injury, and MS-G1 showed both shorter hemostasis time (113.75s) and less blood loss (1.69g) than that of CG (180.00 s, 5.13g). The hemostatic gauze anchored with mesoporous silica was expected to be an excellent prehospital hemostatic dressing for field first aid.

A bio-based macromolecular phosphorus-containing active cotton flame retardant synthesized from starch

A novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant, ammonium starch phosphate (ASTP) based on biomass starch, was synthesized for cotton fabrics, and its structure was characterized by 1D and 2D NMR. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the cotton fabric treated with 30 % ASTP reached 45.2 %, and the LOI remained at 32.1 % after 50 laundry cycles, indicating that the cotton fabrics treated with ASTP had a high flame retardancy and semi-permanent wash durability. The semi-permanent wash durability, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the SEM results suggested ASTP was grafted on the surface of cotton fibers by P-O-C covalent bonds. Vertical flammability, the thermogravimetry (TG) and cone calorimetry results showed that the cotton fabrics treated with ASTP had excellent flame retardancy. There were some reductions in the physical properties of the treated cotton fabric. Overall, these results suggested that starch can replace polyhydric alcohols to prepare a more durable formaldehyde-free P-based flame retardants.

Combination of polyamines and polyamide to obtain photostable electrically conductive polymers

Polyaniline, polytoluidine, polyphenylenediamine were obtained by the method of oxidative polymerization of the corresponding amines. The kinetics and thermodynamics of this process were investigated.The polyamines were used to apply to the surface of cotton and linen fibers, pre-treated polyamide-6. The composition of the surface of the treated fibers were confirmed by methods of X-ray photoelectronic, infrared and electronic scanning spectroscopy.The effect of polyamide-6 on electrically conductive and photostabilization properties of polyamines was investigated.The obtained data show the possibility of obtaining composite materials based on textile fibers and mixtures of polyamines and polyamide-6 with increased operational properties.

Silver nanoparticles coated medical fiber synthesized by surface engineering with bio-inspired mussel powered polydopamine: An investigated antimicrobial potential with bacterial membrane leakage reaction mechanism

Nature frequently provides narrative biological motivation. This study reports on oxygen-induced auto-polymerization of dopamine on the surface of medical cotton fibers to develop super-hydrophobic surfaces. The versatile reactivity of polydopamine (PDA) surfactant was adopted to deposit silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the surface of medical cotton. SEM micrographs demonstrated the uniform deposition of Ag NPs. The antimicrobial reactivity confirmed the potential of Ag-loaded PDA-cotton fiber to hinder the growth of some tested pathogenic microbes. Silver-loaded PDA-cotton fibers showed the most promising zone of inhibition (ZOI) against (33.5 mm), Candida tropicalis (30.2 mm), and Aspergillus niger (30.2 mm). In growth curve assay, after addition of silver-loaded PDA-cotton fibers, the O.D. were lower (0.365 nm), showing the repression impact on S. aureus. It was observed that the quantity of cellular protein discharged from S. aureus is directly proportional to the concentration of silver-loaded PDA-cotton fibers and found to be 159.68 μg/ml after the treatment with silver-loaded PDA-cotton fibers (2 cm × 2 cm), which proves the antibacterial characteristics of the synthesied silver-loaded PDA-cotton fibers. The obtained antimicrobial results gives solution in treating pathogenic microbes and the application of silver-loaded PDA-cotton fibers as wound dressing in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

Cotton fabrics with antibacterial and antiviral properties produced by a simple pad-dry-cure process using diphenolic acid

In the present work, diphenolic acid (DPA), a sustainable green platform chemical, was employed as a finishing reagent to impart antibacterial and antiviral functions to cotton fabric. After a simple pad-dry-cure process, DPA molecules were covalently linked onto cotton fiber surfaces via the esterification reaction between their carboxyl groups and the hydroxyl groups of cellulose on the fiber surfaces. The DPA phenolic groups induced onto the cotton fibers enable to destroy pathogens by protein affinity interaction. Experimental results show that the DPA modified fabrics realize not only high bacteriostatic reduction rates (BR) against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but also show excellent antivirus effect that allow a rapid virus inactivation shorter than 20 min. It was also demonstrated that the modification process generated insignificant damage on the cotton fiber structure, and the resultant cotton fabrics are safe for human skin. Therefore, this work may open a new way to endow cotton textiles with antibacterial and antiviral functions.

Rapid Assessment of Biological Activity of Ag-Based Antiviral Coatings for the Treatment of Textile Fabrics Used in Protective Equipment Against Coronavirus.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants have rapidly spread worldwide, causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with numerous infected cases and millions of deaths. Therefore, developing approaches to fight against COVID-19 is currently the most priority goal of the scientific community. As a sustainable solution to stop the spread of the virus, a green dip-coating method is utilized in the current work to prepare antiviral Ag-based coatings to treat cotton and synthetic fabrics, which are the base materials used in personal protective equipment such as gloves and gowns. Characterization results indicate the successful deposition of silver (Ag) and stabilizers on the cotton and polypropylene fiber surface, forming Ag coatings. The deposition of Ag and stabilizers on cotton and etched polypropylene (EPP) fabrics is dissimilar due to fiber surface behavior. The obtained results of biological tests reveal the excellent antibacterial property of treated fabrics with large zones of bacterial inhibition. Importantly, these treated fabrics exhibit an exceptional antiviral activity toward human coronavirus OC43 (hCoV-OC43), whose infection could be eliminated up to 99.8% when it was brought in contact with these fabrics after only a few tens of minutes. Moreover, the biological activity of treated fabrics is well maintained after a long period of up to 40 days of post-treatment.

Wastage Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Extract: A Natural Green Flame Retardant and Suppressant for Cotton Textiles

ABSTRACT The present study explores the use of a wastage tea extract, as a green flame retardant for application on cotton fabrics. The treated cotton fabric was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical flammability, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies and wastage tea extract was characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Results revealed that the fabric treated with wastage tea extract demonstrated the LOI value of 29 as compared to LOI value of 18 observed for control fabric. Treated fabric also exhibited self-extinguishing behavior with specific char length of 30 mm. GC-MS study of tea extract revealed that it contains various large molecular weight polyphenolic compounds and the presence of tannin containing products, responsible for the fire retardancy action. Mechanism of fire retardancy unveiled the fact that the various nitrogen containing alkaloids, long-chain carbon molecules and polyphenolic compounds deposited on the cotton fiber surface, combinedly assist on the flame retardancy and stable char formation of the underlying cellulosic structure. This study opens up the scope for the application of wastage tea extract on cotton textiles, which is a promising and emerging field in sustainable flame retardancy.

Chitosan–organosilica hybrid decorated with silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial wearable cotton fabrics

Functional cotton fabrics using silver-based nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted a lot of attention as a new generation of healthcare wearable textile. In this study, cotton fabrics were coated via impregnation with silver nanoparticles using chitosan (Cs) and (or) chitosan–organosilica (Cs-OSH) solutions as adhesives matrices. The physicochemical properties were studied using UV–VIS spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methods (SEM–EDX). The antibacterial activity of the silver-treated fabrics was determined using agar diffusion method. However, nanosize spherical AgNPs were observed in Cs and Cs-OSH solution. The average particle diameter was around 10 nm for Cs/AgNPs sample and close 21 nm for Cs-OSH/AgNPs. Microscopy images showed the deposition of Ag NPs on the surface of cotton fibers. The results indicated that the cotton fibers treated with Cs-OSH/AgNPs solution showed good stability against washing and maintained higher antimicrobial activity even after being exposed to 10 consecutive home laundering conditions. Thus, this work suggests the use of chitosan–organosilicon matrix to improve the bonding between AgNPs and cotton fibers for better and long-term antimicrobial activity.

Testing and Evaluation of the Oil Absorption Characteristics of Cotton Fibers

ABSTRACT The wetting property to different oil of cotton fibers which come from different regions of China was studied. The surface adsorption characteristics of cotton fibers were characterized. It is found that the oleophilic and hydrophobic properties of all the raw cotton fibers are fantastic and the average static contact angle of cotton fibers to water is 135.36°, but it is less than 51° to different oil such as engine oil, waste oil and salad oil. In the dynamic spreading process, the droplets of water formed on the surface of cotton fibers and the contact angles of all the cotton fibers to water is not changing with time while the oil liquids were quickly and completely spread out almost in 2000 ms. The speed of spreading is closely relevant with the viscosity of oil and the higher oil viscosity, the slower wetting velocity. The contact angles of cotton fibers come from different regions to the same oil liquid had little changes, thus the adsorption velocity difference of cotton fibers to engine oil, waste oil and salad oil was not significant, respectively.

Modification of fabric via co-grafted with fluorine-free carbene polymer and its hydrophobicity

In this paper, by means of carbene polymerization, low surface energy polymers were covalently grafted onto the surface of cotton fabric, which successfully constructed a rough morphology in-situ and provided excellent hydrophobic properties. Firstly, the grafting site was constructed on the surface of cotton fiber, and octyl diazoacetate was synthesized as a precursor and grafted onto cotton fiber. However, due to the soft side-chain grafted polymer was film-forming, the WCA of fabric grafted with octyl diazoacetate was only 124.0 ± 2.1°. In order to construct a roughening morphology in-situ, tert -butyl diazoacetate and phenyl diazoacetate was introduced and co-grafted with octyl diazoacetate. It was found that tert -butyl diazoacetate and phenyl diazoacetate were polymerized into spherical and cubic crystals on the surface of cotton fiber, respectively. These two precursors were co-grafted with octyl diazoacetate on the surface of cotton fiber to produce a rigid polymer chain and form roughening crystal morphology. The surface morphology of the treated fiber was tested by SEM, AFM and ImageJ, it was found that different morphologies could be formed on the fiber surface when octyl diazoacetate and tert -butyl diazoacetate were co-grafted with different molar ratios. Among them, when octyl diazoacetate/ tert -butyl diazoacetate(1:19)was used, the composite morphology of polymer film coated particles can be formed on the fiber surface, and the surface modification of “roughening” increased the WCA of the fabric to 143.2 ± 1.8°, which gave the fabric good hydrophobicity. When octyl diazoacetate was co-grafted with phenylethylcarbene diazoacetate at the molar ratio of 1:19, the surface of the treated fiber appeared film-like and microspheres embedded in the membrane. It is worth pointing out that the film-wrapped microsphere on the fiber surface provides a lotus leaf-like morphology. The WCA of the as-prepared fabric reached 151.2 ± 0.8° with excellent self-cleaning properties and super hydrophobicity. • The rough surface morphology was formed by carbene polymerization grafting. • Superhydrophobic fabric was prepared by fluorine-free finishing. • A method of carbene polymerization grafting modified cotton fabric was proposed.

Antibacterial cotton fabric prepared by a “grafting to” strategy using a QAC copolymer

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have outstanding antimicrobial effect, but covalent immobilization of plentiful QAC onto cotton fiber surface to realize a durable function remains a challenge. Herein, a quaternary ammonium monomer, [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) was co-polymerized with methyl acrylate (MA) to prepare an antibacterial copolymer, poly(DMC-co-MA). To graft the copolymer with an improved grafting efficiency, cotton fabric was treated using carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) to establish an amino-functionalized fiber surface first. This treatment allows the amidation reactions between the amino groups and the pendant ester groups in the poly(DMC-co-MA) to take place, achieving a durable anionic polymer coating onto the fiber surfaces with remarkably antibacterial effect. Characterization results indicated that when DMC/MA monomer ratio was 100:1, the resulting copolymer endows the modified cotton fabric with antibacterial capability that inactivates all Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Even after 50 laundering cycles, more than 98.0% of the antibacterial rate could still be retained. Moreover, the wearing comfort properties such as softness, water absorption and air permeability of the finishing cotton fabrics have been insignificantly changed by comparing to the untreated cotton fabric.

Preparation of pyridine-modified cotton fibers for anionic dye treatment

In order to prepare low-cost, biodegradable and processable adsorbent materials, and also provide a new solution for textile dyeing, novel modified cottons were obtained by introducing 4-aminopyridin into the surface of cotton fibers, and used for the removal of the anionic dyes from aqueous solution. The two modified cottons were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which confirmed the amino groups and pyridine groups grafted onto the surface of modified cottons. The maximum adsorption capacities for congo red, methyl orange and orange II were 984.87 mg/g (pH = 12), 489.8 mg/g (pH = 8.5) and 599.66 mg/g (pH = 8), respectively. Kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of the modified cottons on the anionic dyes. The results showed that the adsorption of the anionic dyes by modified cottons followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the equilibrium data was well consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, and chemisorption and monolayer adsorption were the main adsorption mechanisms. The reuse efficiency of modified cotton was over 80% after six cycles. In addition, the presence of cationic dyes has almost no effect on the adsorption of anionic dyes, and the modified cotton exhibited highly selective adsorption of methyl orange in mixed solutions of methyl orange and methylene blue. This paper also provided a new solution for textile dyeing.

Surface hydrophobization of cotton via laccase‐mediated polydopamine deposition and dodecyl gallate grafting

Natural fibers containing components with phenolic hydroxyl groups, such as jute, wool, and silk, can be directly modified by laccase‐catalyzed grafting. However, cellulosic fibers like cotton cannot be functionalized in this manner. In this work, we developed a facile two‐step method to graft polymers on cotton fabric via laccase catalysis. First, polydopamine (PDA) coating was deposited on the surface of the cotton fabrics via catalysis of laccase/2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) system. Then, the newly formed PDA coating acted as the secondary reaction platform for subsequent laccase‐mediated grafting of hydrophobic monomer dodecyl gallate (DG). The oxidation of dopamine (DA) catalyzed with the laccase/TEMPO system was investigated using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results verified that the PDA was coated on the surface of cotton fibers. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that the PDA‐coated cotton was successfully grafted with DG (DG‐PDA‐cotton). According to the weighting method, the grafting percentage was about 1.06%. The hydrophobicity of the DG‐PDA‐cotton fabrics was greatly improved with a contact angle of 133°. Also, the grafted cotton fabrics show repellency of water‐soluble stains like coffee, milk, and tea. This study provides a new strategy for surface modification of cotton by laccase‐mediated grafting, which offers the references for the green fabrication of cotton fabrics with improved functionalization.

Fabrication of durable fluorescent and hydrophobic cotton fabrics by multiple surface modifications

The functionalization of cotton fabrics with fluorescent and hydrophobic performances are widely used in our daily life. However, most technologies to produce such cotton fabrics involved the defect of poor uniformity and stability. Herein, novel hydrophobic and fluorescent cotton fabrics were developed via a multiple chemical modification. Acetoacetyl groups were firstly introduced on the surface of cotton fibers by transesterification. The 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) fluorescent ring and octadecylamine (ODA) were then bonded to the modified fibers through Hantzsch reaction and the form of dynamic enamine bond, respectively. The functional modification process can be accomplished through a one-pot method under room temperature. The resulting modified fabrics exhibited bright fluorescent and good hydrophobic performances, which were very stable to solvents and washing. In addition, the surface modification has no obvious effect on the mechanical performance, whiteness, and thermal stability of cotton fabrics. Such a unique fluorescent and hydrophobic cotton fabrics held great potential for many fields such as anti-counterfeit and functional textiles.

Cotton fiber modified via N-phenyl anhydride in situ ring-opening polymerization with controllable surface morphology and its wettability

A desired synthetic route of N-phenyl anhydride was proposed, and it was used as a monomer raw material. Poly(amino acid) chains were formed via in situ ring-opening polymerization of the acid anhydride, initiated by the self-assembled amine monomolecular film, and were subsequently grafted on the surface of cotton fibers to create a rough morphology and obtain a low-surface-energy surface. The effects of various experimental conditions on the rough surface structure with microspherical morphology were then studied. Moreover, the morphology of the grafted polymer on the fiber surface was observed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, substantiating the correlation analysis of the growth process and formation mechanism of the poly(amino acid) microspheres. On this basis, the poly(amino acid)–cotton fabric surface was modified with octyl isocyanate, which endowed the fabric with lower surface energy and superhydrophobicity. Notably, the water contact angle of the fabric reached 158.2 ± 0.8°. Self-cleaning and oil–water separation tests showed that the prepared superhydrophobic cotton fabrics displayed superior stain resistance and oil–water mixture separation performances. The prepared fabrics are highly rated for physicochemical stability and unaffected wearability, and are expected to broaden the application range of cotton fabrics.

Functionalizing cotton fabrics through herbally synthesized nanosilver

The ultraviolet (UV) radiation is increasing in atmosphere due to the continuous increasing of global warming throughout the globe, which causes a negative impact on the human skin. The aim of this work is to produce an ecofriendly fabric having functional properties of UV protection & antimicrobial using herbal synthesized colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles (H-AgNPs). This solution was synthesized with Tulsi ( Ocimum tenuiflorum) extract as a reducing and capping agent. The cotton woven sample was developed with ten layers of colloidal solution of H-AgNPs using anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) through pad-dry-cure method. Besides, another sample developed with the mixture of natural oils and the same concentration of H-AgNPs colloidal solution. Treated samples were subjected to color strength (K/S value) measurement, color fastness test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, ultra-violet protection factor (UPF) test and antimicrobial test for evaluating their different functional & aesthetic performances. Testing data reveals that the treated sample has higher color strength of 0.95 compared to the untreated 0.04 and excellent all-round color fastness ratings of 4–5 for wash, 6–7 for light, 4 for dry rubbing & 3–4 for wet rubbing in contrast to the untreated one. SEM analysis confirmed that the H-AgNPs successfully deposited on cotton fibre surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiment revealed the mean crystal size of H-AgNPs about 23 ± 3 nm. On the other hand, tensile strength increased by 6N & elongation 3–4% in both warp and weft direction. Moreover, less UV transmission of 1.04% & 3.12% for UV-B and UV-A respectively represents outstanding UV protection. In addition, antimicrobial test depicts the zone of inhibition for gram-positive S.aureus 9.5± 0.5 mm & gram-negative E.coli 10.5± 0.9 mm, respectively. The presence of phytochemicals of Tulsi extract, natural oils, and chemical compounds of cellulosic cotton has been further analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum investigation.

Multi-functional plasmonic fabrics: A flexible SERS substrate and anti-counterfeiting security labels with tunable encoding information

Multi-functional plasmonic fabric comprised of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and cotton gauze was fabricated through an in-situ growth method. Ag NPs with high density were immobilized on the surface of cotton fibers. The plasmonic cotton gauze exhibits excellent flexible features, temporal stability and SERS enhancement factors close to 105 × . The plasmonic cotton gauze was labelled with multiplexed Raman probes and used for anti-counterfeiting applications. The encoding information could be readily changed by adjusting the ratio between components in the mixture of Raman probe molecules. This novel strategy could create rich Raman information based on the combination of a few Raman probes, which significantly increases the security levels in anti-counterfeiting. The plasmonic cotton gauze was also employed as a flexible SERS substrate for sensing pesticide from irregular surfaces of orange by a simple swiping process.

Effect of AgNP distribution on the cotton fiber on the durability of antibacterial cotton fabrics

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loaded on the cotton fiber can endow the fiber with good antibacterial activity, but the AgNPs on the surface of cotton fiber will leach out with the increase of washing times, which will not only greatly reduce the antibacterial properties of cotton fiber, but also cause pollution to the environment. In this paper, carboxyl groups were introduced into cotton fiber by three methods, namely selective oxidation, butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) grafting and polyacrylic acid (PAA) adsorption. The silver ions (Ag+) were adsorbed on the cotton fibers through electrostatic attraction, and after reduction, the AgNPs were loaded onto the cotton fibers, and the AgNP distribution on the fiber and its effect to the washing resistance of AgNPs were studied. The results showed that the carboxyl groups can be introduced onto the cotton fibers by all the three methods, and the reaction only occurred in the amorphous region of the fibers. The selective oxidation and the BTCA grafting can introduce carboxylic groups into the interior of cotton fibers while the PAA adsorption only imports carboxyl groups on the surface of the fiber. As a consequence, AgNPs were formed inside of the cotton fiber when the selective oxidation and the BTCA grafting were employed, while AgNPs can only be loaded on the surface of the fiber by the PAA adsorption method. AgNPs inside of the fiber have high energetic adherence, resulting in silver-cotton fabric nanocomposites with strong slow-release property and long-term antibacterial ability. The fabric nanocomposites prepared by selective oxidation and BTCA grafting exhibited high AgNP retention rate and excellent antibacterial activity even after 80 washing cycles.