Costal Line Research Articles

Novel index to estimate the cephalocaudal extent of the excavation in pectus excavatum: The Titanic index

Novel index to estimate the cephalocaudal extent of the excavation in pectus excavatum: The Titanic index

V13-10 LINEAR STAPLING DEVICE IN LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL ADRENALECTOMY FOR PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA IN MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2B

V13-10 LINEAR STAPLING DEVICE IN LAPAROSCOPIC PARTIAL ADRENALECTOMY FOR PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA IN MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2B

Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Characterization of Microplastic Pollution in The Three Main Freshwater Systems (Aksu and Köprü Streams, Manavgat River) And Fishing Grounds Located in Their Vicinities in The Antalya Bay

Microplastic pollution is one of the pressing environmental issues over the world that pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and humans. Significant amount of anthropogenic plastic litter known to be transported with freshwater systems to marine environment. The aim of the present study is to reveal the abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of MPs pollution in the three main freshwater systems (Aksu and Köprü Streams, Manavgat River), located through the costal line of the Antalya Bay. 106 water samples obtained from these three freshwater systems and fishing grounds located in the vicinities of these systems were evaluated. A total of 2444 MPs with a mean size of 1777.16±1168.81 µm detected within these samples. A homogeneous MPs pollution was observed in the area. Four colours (Black-27.3%, White-19.4%, Red18.7% and Blue-16.2%) found to composed more than 80% of the detected MPs. Majority of MPs detected within the framework of the study were fiber (57.1%) and fragment (32.6%). Most common polymer type was Polyproplene-(PP) with 50%. Results obtained from this study have the potential to form the basis for future studies that take into account the terrestrial use and the prevailing physical factors in the region in the study area.

Typhoon-induced turbulence redistributed microplastics in coastal areas and reformed plastisphere community

Typhoon-induced turbulence redistributed microplastics in coastal areas and reformed plastisphere community

Investigating trend changes of annual mean temperature and precipitation in Iran

Climate change is a prevalent issue all around the world. Changes in the temperature and precipitation, as well as their distributions, are the evidence of climate change. Therefore, the objective of this study was to gather and standardize information about temperature (maximum and minimum temperatures and the discrepancy between them) and precipitation in Iran’s environmental zones. The long-term meteorological dataset was gathered from 47 synoptic stations for 66 years (1951–2017). Linear regression was employed to show the type and trend of changes in the studied variables. The Koppen method and UNESCO aridity index were adopted for climate classification based on temperature and precipitation criteria, respectively. Based on the Koppen method, the climate of Iran is defined into 4 environmental zones consisting of the arid desert (Bw), semi-arid (Bs), humid with mild winters (C), and humid with severe winters (D). On the basis of the UNESCO aridity index, the climate of Iran is classified into 5 environmental zones including very dry, dry, semi-dry, humid, and very humid. Results demonstrated that at 42 stations (89% of stations), the slope of the trend line was positive and long-term annual average temperatures of 5 stations (11% of stations) were negative. Furthermore, for precipitation, 11 stations (25% of stations) had positive trend and 33 stations had a negative trend (75% of stations). Finally, it was found that there are significant changes in both temperature and precipitation. On the other hand, an overall increasing trend in temperature and a decreasing trend in precipitation were observed from high-altitude or high-latitude cold areas to low-latitude regions such as costal lines in Iran.

Degradation of rammed earth under wind-driven rain: The case of Fujian Tulou, China

Degradation of rammed earth under wind-driven rain: The case of Fujian Tulou, China

Rainfall Trends in the North-Western and Eastern Coastal Lines of Sri Lanka Using Non – Parametric Analysis

The changes in the global rainfall have raised concerns over the present and possible future use of coastal areas in many Asian countries including Sri Lanka. However, no in-depth analysis of rainfall of these coastal lines of Sri Lanka has been performed yet to understand any changes in the pattern in general. This study was carried out to fulfil the above need, especially focusing on rainfall of North-Western and Eastern coastal lines of Sri Lanka. The rainfall data for a period of 30 years (1986–2016) were used in the study and analysis was performed using the tests, Mann Kendall, Sen’s slope estimator, and sequential Mann Kendall. Mann–Kendall’s test indicated positive trend in annual rainfall of most parts of North-Western coastal line but negative monotonic decrease at 4 stations, namely, Chilaw, Horakele, Lunuwila and Palaviya. In the Eastern coastal line, significant positive trend in annual rainfall was observed at 4 stations, namely, Kantale, Batticaloa, Pottuvil and Mylambaveli. The monthly rainfall analysis of North-Western coastal line revealed significant positive trends at Kottukachchiya and Anamaduwa stations in March and December respectively and in the Eastern costal line, positive trends were observed at Kantalae, Mylambaveli and Navatkiri Aru for February. The stations except Anamaduwa in NorthWestern coastal line recorded a significant negative trend in rainfall in the month of May. No station showed a significant positive trend during Southwest Monsoon season. During the Northeast Monsoon season, all the nineteen stations showed an increase in rainfall amounts while two locations in NorthWestern region and six locations in Eastern showed a significant upward trend. With these dynamic rainfall trends, it can be reiterated that it is vital to advocate climate mitigating actions to reduce impacts of changes in rainfall trends.

Humid Free Efficient Solar Panel

The paper discusses the effect of the humidity on the Solar panel which creates a room for the drastic variation in the power generated and makes the device less efficient. Humidity readily affects the efficiency of the solar cells and creates a minimal layer of water on its surface. It also decreases the efficiency by 10-20% of the total power output produced therefore, to tackle this issue, well defined measures are required to be taken to assure the smooth working of the solar panels used in various humid areas. In connection with this issue, Karachi, the biggest city of Pakistan which is located near the costal line touching Arabian Sea, was taken as a reference city to measure the humidity range. In Karachi, the average humidity lies between 25-70% (as per Pakistan Meteorological Department PMD), that indirectly leads in decreasing power acquired from a Solar Panel and develops various complexities for the solar system. The system on average experiences stability issues, such as those of power fluctuations etc., due to which, the whole solar system installed observes abnormal variations in acquired power. Silica Gel was used as a desiccant material in order to assure dryness over the solar panel. More than four experiments were conducted with the usage of water absorbent to improve the efficiency and to make system more power efficient.

Wind Energy Potential at Badin and Pasni Costal Line of Pakistan

Unfortunately, Pakistan is facing an acute energy crisis since the past decade due to the increasing population growth and is heavily dependent on imports of fossil fuels. The shortage of the electricity is 14-18 hours in rural areas and 8-10 hours in urban areas. This situation has been significantly affecting the residential, industrial and commercial sectors in the country. At this time, it is immense challenges for the government to keep the power supply provision continue in the future for the country. In this situation, it has been the increased research to explore renewable energy resources in the country to fulfill the deficit scenario in the state. The renewable energy sector has not penetrated in the energy mix, currently in the upcoming markets. This paper highlights the steps taken by the country in the past and is taking steps at the present time to get rid of from the existing energy crisis when most urban areas are suffering from power outages for 12 hours on regular basis. Until 2009, no single grid interconnected wind established, but now the circumstances are changing significantly and wind farms are contributing to the national grid is the reality now. The initiation of the three wind farms interconnection network and many others in the pipeline are going to be operational soon. The federal policy on wind energy system has recently changed. Surprisingly, the continuing schemes of the wind farm are getting slow. This paper reviews developments in the wind energy sector in the country and lists some suggestions that can contribute to improving the penetration of wind energy in the national energy sector.Article History: Received Dec 16th 2016; Received in revised form May 15th 2017; Accepted June 18th 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Kaloi,G.S., Wang, J., Baloch, M.H and Tahir, S. (2017) Wind Energy Potential at Badin and Pasni Costal Line Pakistan. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 103-110.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.103-110

Feasibility of creating a fresh water reservoir in the Arabian Sea impounding the flood waters of Netravathi River

This paper addresses the feasibility of creating a fresh water reservoir in the Arabian sea impounding the flood waters from Netravathi river. The project schemes comprises mainly two steps first the construction of the dyke in the Arabian Sea, and second the process of natural replacement of salty water by rainwater and surface runoff to the reservoir. The study presents the detailed hydrological analysis of Netravati and Gurupura rivers including estimation of runoff into the sea.The study estimates the surface runoff at inlet and outlets of Netravati basin along the costal lines of Arabian Sea. The existing Land use along the costal lines of Netravati basin is assessed. The dyke must be designed to separate fresh water from the salty waters of the Arabian Sea considering the tidal variations and wave heights. The bathymetric profiles of the sea bed has been created and presented in the paper. The annual runoff at the mouth of Netravati River was estimated as 388 TMC and just 2.5% of this would be sufficient to meet the present water shortfall of Bengaluru and Mangaluru. The annual sediment load was found to be negligible. The water quality parameters are well within permissible limits ensuring quality water from Netravathi to the proposed coastal reservoir.

Albania 2030 / economic development based on turism

Albania possesses highly valuable potentials for the development of tourism, which ensures long-term economic development and social-environmental prosperity. Albania is presently considered one of 10 fastest growing economies, based on its own GDP, and it is recommended as one of the world’s top 10 touristic destinations. The country has a 450 km long costal line, 300 of which are located along the Adriatic Sea, and 150 along the Ionian Sea. These areas include 24 areas of high-quality touristic potential locations, mostly on virgin and undeveloped territories. In the meantime, more than half of the country’s surface is mountainous, above 600m from the sea level, and on these areas we find 15 other areas full of touristic potentials. Based on these facts, the main conclusion presents a clear need for the implementation of a national system of access and a pragmatic network of roads, which must be sensitive towards environmental values and the uniqueness of the landscape. They should be based on a ring-radial transportation and circulation system.

The Change of Tidal Characteristics under the Influence of Human Activities in the Yangtze River Estuary

Tan, Y.; Yang, F.; Xie, D, H, 2016. The Change of Tidal Characteristics under the Influence of Human Activities in the Yangtze Estuary. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 163–167. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The aim of this study is to understand the change of tidal wave characteristics in the Yangtze River Estuary by human activities. The harmonic analysis results based on measurement shows that the semidiurnal tides are dominant in Yangtze River Estuary. The shallow water constituents are significant. Tidal constituent Sa, which is one of main meteorological tides, is gradually increasing with the increase of upper stream river discharge. The amplitude of Sa is highly correlated to the maximum anomaly discharge value (maximum daily discharge differing from the long term mean). Due to human activities, the changes of the river discharge, the water depth and the shape of the costal line in the Yangtze River cause the change of tidal wave propagation. A 2-D numerical model is established to simulate the evolution of main tidal constituents in the Yangtze Estuary under the influence of human activities.

In vitro antioxidant activity, phenolic content and profile of Cystoseira barbata from Romanian Black Sea

The Romanian Black Sea has abundant seaweed resources, but little effort has been done to screen their biological potential. The aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro antioxidant activity, phenolic content and profile of Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, Cystoseiraceae, a brown alga inhabiting the costal line of Romanian Black Sea. The 70% acetone extract from C. barbata was investigated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was assessed using four methods (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical cation scavenging assay, reducing power and 15-lipoxygenase inhibition assay); gallic acid and caffeic acid were used as positive controls. Several phlorotannins (fucodiphloroethol, fucophloroethols with six, seven and eight phloroglucinol units with [M+H]+ at m/z 499, 747, 871 and 995, respectively) were tentatively identified on the basis of their characteristic MS fragmentation pattern. A total phenolic content of 236.03 ± 1.20 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract was determined. In all antioxidant assays, the activity of the extract increased significantly in a concentration dependent manner. The EC50 values in the DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays were 88.5 ± 0.3, 13.9 ± 0.2 and 17.6 ± 0.0 µg/mL, respectively. The extract showed high 15-lipoxygenase inhibition capacity (EC50= 47.3 ± 1.5 µg/mL), when compared with positive controls (EC50= 39.0 ± 0.7 µg/mL for gallic acid and 25.5 µg/mL for caffeic acid). The remarkable antioxidant activity of C. barbata suggests its potential use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Feasible Wind Power Potential from Costal Line of Sindh Pakistan

The energy is the serious issue, directly or indirectly, in the whole practice of advancement, development and existence of all the existing creatures. It plays a very important part in socioeconomic growth and social prosperity of any country, at least 1/3rd of the country has no access of energy like electricity. Globally Pakistan is an electricity lacking country, however deficient in oil and gas. Pakistan is rich in sources like water, coal, wind and solar energy. Electricity is the basic needs of all human’s comfort and in addition to overcome power crises in common, Pakistan desires in the way to utilize its natural power assets similar to hydel power plant, sunlight and wind potential for the generation of electricity. Pakistan has surely considerable latent for exploiting wind energy. Additionally about 1000 km lengthy shoreline in southern and northern hilly areas offers an outstanding reserve of wind potential. The efforts need for utilization of wind energy in the country. This study includes only twenty selected regions of southern regions of Sindh province for power generation from a natural source of wind energy.

Reviewing of Insulator Selection Criteria for Overhead Power Lines in Coastal Areas of Sri Lanka

At present porcelain and glass insulators are used for overhead power lines in Sri Lanka. Salt contamination on insulators of coastal lines assists leakage currents to passing over the insulator surface and cause insulator flashing over. Frequent power outages due to flashing over of insulators on overhead power lines are common in coastal areas and it reduces the reliability of the power system considerably. It has been observed that this problem is very severe in costal lines in dry zone of Sri Lanka especially in Puttalam, Mannar and Jaffna areas. Partial blackout caused by flashing over of insulators on 220kV transmission line running closer to the sea and across the Kalpitiya lagoon from Norochcholai coal plant to Veyangoda switching station shows the severity of this problem. Therefore it is timely requirement to review the insulator selection criteria for overhead power lines to find out mitigation measures against the flashing over of insulators due to marine pollution. This paper describes the mechanism of flashing over of insulators due to marine pollution and highlights the limitations of the presently following electrical standards for insulator selection based on field measurements and maintenance experience. It is emphasized that the most successful method that can be employed to determine the ideal insulator out of insulators made of different materials and of different shapes is to verify their performance by conducting long term field measurements at the exact environment. Apart from that the existing practices applied on distribution network to minimize insulator flashing over is evaluated technically and financially in order to identify the best solution. Application of new technology such as adaptation of polymeric insulators, insulator coating materials and applicable online insulator washing techniques are also investigated. The importance of type test reports named as artificial pollution tests to understand the pollution immunity of insulators is also discussed. The value of establishing insulator field testing stations in problematic areas is strongly recommended and the test techniques applicable in field evaluation of insulator performance are briefly explained. ENGINEER, Vol. 47, No. 02, pp. 57-73, 2014

Effects of NaCl Solution on the Physicochemical Changes of ‘Surimi’ from Anchovies (Clupeonella spp.) During the Frozen Storage

Aims: In this study, the effect of washing process on shelf-life of surimi of Clupeonella spp. with cold-water, solution of 1.5 and 3 percent strength was investigated. Study Design: Data collected were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Place and Duration of Study: Costal line of Caspian sea near the Bandar Anzali, Gillan province of Iran. Methodology: A total of 100 kg fish were captured in the Caspian sea near the Bandar Anzali coast. The data collected from the surimi during the storage time. Results: The shelf-life of surimi was investigated by measuring total volatile baseOriginal Research Article British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 4(4): 693-704, 2014 694 nitrogen (TVB-N), peroxide value, total count of bacteria and sensory test for 80 days. The results showed the changes of TVB-N for control, 1.5% and 3% NaCl solution were 35, 20 and 19 mg N 100g, respectively. On day 80, the total plate counts in control, samples washing with 1.5% and 3% NaCl solution were 9.4, 7.5 and 7.3 log CFU/g, respectively and the level was slightly higher than the permissible limit after 60 days. Conclusion: Based on the present results, washing with 1.5 and 3% NaCl solution treatment on Anchovies (Clupeonella spp.) leads to a retention of the good quality characteristics for longer and an extension of the shelf life during frozen storage.

Automatic Prebent Customized Prosthesis for Pectus Excavatum Minimally Invasive Surgery Correction

Pectus excavatum is the most common deformity of the thorax. A minimally invasive surgical correction is commonly carried out to remodel the anterior chest wall by using an intrathoracic convex prosthesis in the substernal position. The process of prosthesis modeling and bending still remains an area of improvement. The authors developed a new system, i3DExcavatum, which can automatically model and bend the bar preoperatively based on a thoracic CT scan. This article presents a comparison between automatic and manual bending. The i3DExcavatum was used to personalize prostheses for 41 patients who underwent pectus excavatum surgical correction between 2007 and 2012. Regarding the anatomical variations, the soft-tissue thicknesses external to the ribs show that both symmetric and asymmetric patients always have asymmetric variations, by comparing the patients' sides. It highlighted that the prosthesis bar should be modeled according to each patient's rib positions and dimensions. The average differences between the skin and costal line curvature lengths were 84 ± 4 mm and 96 ± 11 mm, for male and female patients, respectively. On the other hand, the i3DExcavatum ensured a smooth curvature of the surgical prosthesis and was capable of predicting and simulating a virtual shape and size of the bar for asymmetric and symmetric patients. In conclusion, the i3DExcavatum allows preoperative personalization according to the thoracic morphology of each patient. It reduces surgery time and minimizes the margin error introduced by the manually bent bar, which only uses a template that copies the chest wall curvature.

Baroclinic Kelvin Waves in a Rotating Circular Basin

A linear, uniformly stratified ocean model is used to investigate propagation of baroclinic Kelvin waves in a cylindrical basin. It is found that smaller wave amplitudes are inherent to higher mode individual terms of the obtained solutions that are also evanescent away of a costal line toward the center of the circular basin. It is also shown that the individual terms if the obtained solutions can be visualized as spinning patterns in rotating stratified fluid confined in a circular basin. Moreover, the fluid patterns look rotating in an anticlockwise sense looking above the North Pole and that spinning is more intensive for smaller mode numbers. Finally, we observe the existence of the oceanic region where the pressure increases relatively rapidly with the depth.

해안지형의 복잡성에 따른 해풍침투 변화가 대기경계층에 미치는 영향 분석

In order to clarify the relation between sea breeze penetration and Planetary Boundary Layer development in southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, several numerical assessments were carried out using atmospheric numerical model WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting). Compared with onset time of sea breeze at eastern coast area(Uljin), the time at southern coast region(Masan) with complex costal line tend to delay for several hours. The penetration patterns of sea breeze between two coastal regions are some different due to the shape of their coastal line and back ground topography. Intensified valley wind due to high topography of lee side of Uljin can help penetration of sea breeze at early time. So penetration of sea breeze at early time often prevent PBL to develop at Uljin and lower PBL height last for a day time. But because of late penetration of sea breeze at Masna, PBL Height dramatically decrease after 1500LST. The distribution of front genesis function based on the heat and momentum variation are explained obviously the sea breeze penetration patterns and agreed well with the PBL height distribution.

A SIMULATION OF SEA BREEZE OVER FUKUOKA METROPOLITAN AREA

A numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the characteristics of sea breeze intrusion on the Fukuoka Metropolitan area by using ARPS and the results were compared with the field data of sea breeze obtained in August 2, 2003. The sea breeze front runs parallel to the costal line at the beginning of the sea breeze intrusion, but as it goes into the inland, the two-dimensional front becomes wavy and breaks. The sea breeze consists of the tail of about 600 m thickness and the head 1000 m and above high. The head is accompanied with a pair of upward and downward currents that reach to about 2000 m height.